EP0355813B1 - Récipient de mélange - Google Patents
Récipient de mélange Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0355813B1 EP0355813B1 EP89115576A EP89115576A EP0355813B1 EP 0355813 B1 EP0355813 B1 EP 0355813B1 EP 89115576 A EP89115576 A EP 89115576A EP 89115576 A EP89115576 A EP 89115576A EP 0355813 B1 EP0355813 B1 EP 0355813B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixing
- container according
- mixing tube
- mixing container
- bulk material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 38
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
- B01F25/82—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles
- B01F25/821—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles by means of conduits having inlet openings at different levels
- B01F25/8211—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles by means of conduits having inlet openings at different levels by means of a central conduit or central set of conduits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mixing container of the type explained in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a mixing container is known from GB-A-2 187652.
- the known mixing container is designed for withdrawing uniform amounts of bulk material through swallowing openings at different heights.
- the size of the swallow openings in the known mixing container is varied according to a given equation such that swallow openings below are smaller than swallow openings located further up.
- the baffle plates of all swallowing openings are of the same size, have essentially the same angle and thus cover essentially the same cross section of the interior of the mixing tube.
- the size of each swallow opening is thus precisely defined.
- bridging i.e.
- the particles of the bulk material can be supported against one another in such a way that the passage through this opening is blocked.
- This formation of bridges is prevented in the case of vertically standing openings by an appropriately large swallow opening.
- the size of the swallow orifices is determined by other considerations, as in the known mixing container, then a possible bridge formation to be feared when the bulk material flows from the outer container through the swallow opening into the interior of the mixing tube can no longer be prevented by a suitable configuration of the swallow opening. This may falsify the mixing result.
- the inner mixing tube contains several compartments, each of the compartments being connected to the outer container via a swallow opening.
- the swallowing openings of the individual departments are arranged at different heights so that the bulk material in the outer container can be drawn off from different heights, enters the interior of the mixing tube and from there falls together with the bulk material remaining in the outer container into a funnel from which it is removed can be.
- the mixing effect of the known mixing container is low.
- the diameter of the mixing tube must not be too large compared to the diameter of the inner container in order to achieve a mixing effect at all.
- an empty space remains above the swallowing openings, the larger the lower the swallowing openings are. This wastes valuable storage space.
- the previously known construction is relatively complex to manufacture, since the individual chambers have to be fitted exactly into the mixing tube.
- a mixing container which is preferably designed for pneumatic circulation of the bulk material to be mixed.
- a large number of mixing tubes with differently configured deflector plates are provided in the interior of the container.
- the mixing tubes have openings at different heights, which are covered either outside or inside by baffle plates.
- the deflector plates are of the same size for each opening in the mixing tube and, due to the relatively small diameter of the mixing tubes, necessarily cover over half the cross-section of these mixing tubes. It has now been found that, with such an arrangement, bulk material would predominantly enter via the lowest swallow opening of each mixing tube.
- mixing containers with a large number of relatively thin mixing tubes are unsuitable for cohesive or poorly flowing bulk materials, since the risk of bridges forming over the swallowing openings or in the small cross sections is very high and, in the known mixing container, due to the large number of vertically superimposed and relatively wide baffle plates extending into the cross section of the mixing tubes is increased.
- the mixing tube consists of a plurality of funnels arranged one above the other, the outlet openings of which are each arranged at the level of the inlet opening of the funnel underneath.
- the funnels are essentially the same size, so that the annular inlet openings for the bulk material from the outer container, which are arranged at different heights, and the circular through-openings for the bulk material in the interior of the mixing tube are equally large at all heights.
- this mixing container can also be used for bulk materials that are not easily flowable, the annular swallowing openings in the mixing tube must be made correspondingly large. In order that no bridges can form over the remaining slots, this mixing tube construction must have considerable dimensions.
- the construction of the mixing tube is relatively complicated and expensive.
- the mixing effect is also not optimal, since an additional pneumatic circulation is used for complete mixing becomes.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a mixing container of the type mentioned in such a way that the mixing result can be influenced in a predetermined manner with a simple and space-saving structural design.
- the invention is based on the knowledge of the applicant that it depends on the size of the part of the cross-section of the mixing tube which is covered by the deflector plates, how much of the bulk material passes through the assigned swallowing opening. If deflector plates of different sizes are now used, the mixing ratio of the bulk material originating from different layers of the bulk material column in the outer container can be precisely determined and metered. In this case, a single, essentially central tube with a common interior space can be used, with no dead spaces reducing the storage capacity of the mixing container. With the configuration according to the invention, the sizes of the swallowing openings can be dimensioned such that bridging is prevented. A size of the swallow opening determined for a specific bulk material can then be made the same for the entire length of the mixing tube, which simplifies the manufacture of the container.
- the size of the deflector plates is graded, for example, according to claim 2, it can be achieved that essentially the same percentage of the bulk material reaches the mixing tube over the entire height of the mixing tube from each swallow opening. The bulk material emerging from the mixing tube is thus optimally mixed.
- the embodiment according to claim 5 prevents bulk goods from swallowing openings lying above hindering the entry of bulk goods through a swallowing opening below.
- Such a hindrance can be avoided in a particularly simple manner in that the deflector plate in any case extends to below the lower edge of the assigned swallowing opening.
- the embodiment according to claim 7 provides a remedy.
- the vertical extension plate has no influence on the predetermined percentage of the bulk material flowing in, but ensures that no backflow can occur.
- Claims 8 and 9 describe alternative distributions of the swallowing openings around the circumference of the mixing tube, which have proven particularly useful in practical testing.
- swallowing openings there may also be two or more swallowing openings at the same height, the sum of the percentage bulk solids withdrawn from the same height being predetermined by the sum of the parts of the cross section covered by the assigned deflector plates.
- the swallowing openings can be arranged at exactly the same height, as well as have a slight offset in height, if this is necessary for structural reasons.
- the embodiment according to claim 11 ensures good removal of the bulk material from the outer container.
- the embodiment according to claim 14 improves the flow of the bulk material and helps to avoid dead zones.
- the embodiment according to claim 15 further improves the mixing.
- Claims 16 and 17 describe alternative forms of deflector plates which have proven to be expedient.
- the embodiment according to claim 18 causes the mixing tube to be filled only through swallowing openings arranged in its wall.
- the mixing tube can also have a polygonal cross-section in addition to a circular one.
- Claims 20 and 21 describe alternative ways of producing the deflector plates and attaching them to the mixing tube.
- the mixing tube can be manufactured particularly easily and inexpensively.
- the assembly of the mixing container is decisively improved, since in this embodiment the mixing tube can be inserted directly through the roof into the outer container.
- Claims 24 and 25 describe alternative principles of how the mixing tube can be arranged and fastened in the interior of the outer container in a cost-effective and less time-consuming manner.
- the 1 shows a schematic representation of a mixing container 1, which is composed of an outer container 2 and a mixing tube 3 arranged coaxially with the outer container 2 and having a smaller cross section than the container cross section.
- the outer container 2 has a cylindrical side wall 4 with a funnel-shaped base part 5, which is provided at its lower end with an outlet opening 6 arranged coaxially to the container axis.
- the base part 5 is formed with two different inclinations of its funnel wall in order to reduce the overall height.
- the outer container 2 is closed at the top by a roof 7, through which a first nozzle 8 projects coaxially to the container axis.
- the inner diameter of the first nozzle 8 is larger or at least the same size as the outer diameter of the mixing tube 3, so that the mixing tube 3 can be mounted through the nozzle 8.
- the first nozzle 8 is closed at the top by a cover 9, which is penetrated by a second nozzle 10 of smaller diameter, the second nozzle also being arranged coaxially to the container axis and serving to fill the container
- the mixing tube 3 is provided with struts 11 which protrude upwards into the first nozzle 8.
- the mixing tube 3 is further supported via radially extending struts 12 on the inside of the outer container 2 at the transition between its cylindrical wall 4 and the funnel-shaped base part 5.
- struts 12 are welded to the outer container 2.
- the struts 11 lie unconnected on the inside of the first connecting piece 8 and serve for centering and lateral support of the mixing tube 3.
- the mixing tube 3 and the outer container 2 consist of an aluminum alloy, with all connections being welded. However, it is also possible to use stainless steel for the mixing tube and to connect it to the outer container made of aluminum via adhesive, screw or rivet connections.
- the mixing tube 3 encloses an interior 14 with a round cross section that is constant over the predominant height of the mixing tube 3.
- other polygonal cross-sections are also conceivable, especially if the mixing tube is composed of individual parts to facilitate its manufacture. The individual parts can be folded or extruded.
- the mixing tube 3 contains an upper, in the direction of the filler neck 10 opening 15, which is covered with a deflecting cone 16, so that the bulk material entered into the filler neck cannot get axially directly into the mixing tube.
- a washing nozzle 17 is expediently provided, which can be supplied with washing liquid from the outside via a line.
- the inside of the mixing tube 3 can thus be cleaned in a simple manner.
- the mixing tube 3 contains a funnel 18 which opens into an outlet opening 19.
- the funnel 18 extends with the formation of a conically tapering annular space 29 into the region of the base part 5.
- the outlet opening 19 has a smaller diameter than the base part 5 at this height.
- annular outlet opening 20 is formed around the outlet opening 19 of the funnel 18 of the mixing tube 3, through which the bulk material located in the outer container 2 can exit.
- the outlet opening 19 of the mixing tube 3 and the outlet opening 6 of the funnel-shaped base part 5 are arranged coaxially to one another.
- the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening 19 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the annular outlet opening 20 at the height of the outlet opening 19, so that more bulk material is drawn off from the mixing tube 3 than from the outer container 2.
- both the funnel 18 and the funnel-shaped base part 5 are inclined in such a way that both in the mixing tube 3 and in the annular space 29 mass flow is achieved with a flow velocity that is substantially uniform over the cross sections, thereby avoiding the formation of dead zones.
- the funnel 18 can also be designed such that a higher flow rate is formed in the mixing tube 3.
- the outlet opening 6 has the smallest cross section of all existing outlet openings 19, 20 and is so large that bridging is avoided. As a result, no bridges can form over the other outlet openings.
- the mixing tube 3 is provided at different heights above its funnel 18 with a plurality of swallow openings 21 designed as perforations in the wall of the mixing tube, of which the swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6, each offset by 180 °, can be seen for purposes of illustration.
- the swallowing openings can be round, triangular, rectangular or parabolic.
- the size of the Swallow openings are insignificant for withdrawing the desired amount of bulk material and are expediently dimensioned in such a way that bridging in front of the openings, ie outside the mixing tube 3, is avoided.
- the first, uppermost swallow opening 21.1 is arranged in the vicinity of the deflection cone 16, below the maximum filling level 22 in the outer container 2.
- the second to sixth swallow openings 21.2 to 21.6 lie below it at predetermined intervals in accordance with the layers of the bulk material to be tapped.
- a deflector 23 is arranged above each swallow opening 21.
- Each of the baffle plates 23 has the shape of a conical section (FIGS. 2 and 3), is inserted into a prepared, for example milled or sawn slot in the mixing tube 3, is inclined at an angle of 20 to 45 ° to the vertical and extends inwards below into the interior 14 of the mixing tube 3.
- the deflector plates 23 are of different sizes.
- the mixing container 1 is designed such that the same percentage of bulk material reaches the interior 14 of the mixing tube 3 through all swallowing openings 21.
- the deflector plates 23, and thus the parts of the cross section of the mixing tube 3 that they cover, become smaller from top to bottom according to the following formula:
- the deflector 23.4 of the fourth swallow opening from above 21.4 covers a quarter
- the deflector 23.5 of the fifth swallow opening from above 21.5 one-fifth and the deflector 23.6 of the sixth swallow opening from above 21.6 covers a sixth of the cross section, so that the same percentage of the swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6 Bulk material arrives in the funnel 18.
- the deflector plates 23 are expediently pulled down so far that a theoretically developing embankment surface 26, which was drawn in dashed lines in FIG. 1, the lower edge of the adjacent one Swallowing opening not reached. With appropriately large deflector plates, as are necessary for the upper swallowing openings, this condition is easily met. If the deflector plates become smaller, however, and they even end above the lower edge of the respective swallowing opening, an extension plate 27.4 to 27.6 is provided, which is arranged on the free edge of the corresponding deflector plate 23.4 to 23.6.
- the extension plate 27 extends vertically downwards and essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the bulk material in the interior 14, so that its area has no influence on the percentage distribution of the bulk material flows.
- the extension plate 27 ends at a point where the slope surface formed on its free edge is below the assigned swallowing opening 21.4 to 21.6.
- the free ends of the deflector plates 23 or the extension plates 27 can end at, below or, in the case of very steep slope surfaces, just above the lower edge of the corresponding swallowing opening 21.
- the mixing container 1 of FIG. 4 also has an outer container 2 with a cylindrical side wall 4 and a funnel-shaped base part 5 with an outlet opening 6.
- the filling takes place through a filling nozzle 10 'arranged directly in the roof 7.
- a modified mixing tube 3 ′ has an opening corresponding to its cross section on its upper and on its lower side, the upper opening 15 in turn being completely covered by the deflecting cone 16.
- the lower outlet opening 28 is in turn arranged in the funnel-shaped base part 5 to form an even smaller annular space 20 'than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
- the most important modification relates to the arrangement of the swallowing openings, which, however, are designed analogously to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. 4, two of the swallowing openings 21 are arranged at the same height.
- the swallowing openings 21 of each pair lie at an angle of 180 °, the pairs of swallowing openings being offset from one another by 90 ° at different heights.
- the size of the deflector plates 23 is determined analogously to the formula given with reference to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, with the exception that the sum of the parts of the cross section covered by all deflector plates at the same height represents.
- the deflector plates with or without their extension plates can also be produced by simply cutting and pressing in the wall of the mixing tube.
- the shape of the deflector plates can also be varied, and the flat deflector plates described and drawn can also be formed, for example, by curved, in particular conical, pieces of sheet metal.
- the arrangement of the swallowing openings can also be changed; for example, it is entirely possible to offset swallowing openings one above the other by 120 or 90 ° or by any other angle. If necessary, more than two swallow openings evenly distributed around the circumference can also be arranged at the same height, the deflector plates being dimensioned in a manner known in the art.
- the deflector plate or the deflector plates of the swallowing openings assigned to this layer are designed to be larger than a constant flow rate. In this way practically any mixing ratios can be predetermined. It is also possible to move the first, top swallowing opening, for example, into the deflecting cone, but then the uppermost swallowing opening provided in the wall area is passed by the bulk material and thus has to receive a deflector plate.
- the arrangement of the connecting piece and, if appropriate, also the arrangement of the mixing tube with respect to the central axis of the outer container can also be carried out in accordance with practical requirements, such as Space requirements to be changed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Claims (28)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89115576T ATE82154T1 (de) | 1988-08-26 | 1989-08-23 | Mischbehaelter. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3829055 | 1988-08-26 | ||
| DE3829055A DE3829055A1 (de) | 1988-08-26 | 1988-08-26 | Mischbehaelter |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0355813A2 EP0355813A2 (fr) | 1990-02-28 |
| EP0355813A3 EP0355813A3 (en) | 1990-03-21 |
| EP0355813B1 true EP0355813B1 (fr) | 1992-11-11 |
| EP0355813B2 EP0355813B2 (fr) | 1998-04-29 |
Family
ID=6361678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89115576A Expired - Lifetime EP0355813B2 (fr) | 1988-08-26 | 1989-08-23 | Récipient de mélange |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4978228A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0355813B2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2852668B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE82154T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3829055A1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2036316T5 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5240328A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1993-08-31 | Avt Anlagen- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh | Apparatus for mixing powdered or coarse-grained bulk materials |
| WO1996014924A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-05-23 | Sanko Air Plant, Ltd. | Melangeur pour silo |
| US20030235111A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-25 | Bishop Jerry C. | Noise reducing silo |
| DE10332233B4 (de) * | 2003-07-16 | 2006-04-20 | Motan Materials Handling Gmbh | Mischsilo |
| HUE026139T2 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2016-05-30 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Mixing silo |
| CN109455419A (zh) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-12 | 河南工业大学 | 一种筒仓锥形改流装置 |
| USD882186S1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-04-21 | Zaxe Technologies Inc. | Automatic animal feeder |
| CN115463607B (zh) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-19 | 山东裕城生物技术有限公司 | 一种粉剂兽药定量混合生产线及其生产方法 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US517158A (en) * | 1894-03-27 | Robert hartmann | ||
| US694575A (en) * | 1901-07-13 | 1902-03-04 | Ernest Leslie Ransome | Concrete-mixer. |
| US1496896A (en) * | 1920-08-05 | 1924-06-10 | James F Laffoon | Wheat-treating device |
| GB236154A (en) * | 1924-06-28 | 1925-08-20 | Hermann Bollmann | Improvements in or relating to devices for automatically mixing liquids or readily flowing substances |
| US2345554A (en) * | 1942-08-26 | 1944-04-04 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Material blending |
| US2455572A (en) * | 1948-07-08 | 1948-12-07 | Earl R Evans | Grain blender |
| US2907501A (en) * | 1958-01-23 | 1959-10-06 | Union Carbide Corp | Discharge and mixing device |
| DE1159396B (de) * | 1958-08-16 | 1963-12-19 | Menzel & Co | Vorrichtung zum Vermischen und Trennen mehrerer Medien |
| US3094243A (en) * | 1960-06-13 | 1963-06-18 | Edward P Haugen | Dispensing bin and method for loading and unloading same |
| FR1379212A (fr) * | 1963-12-17 | 1964-11-20 | Basf Ag | Procédé de mélange en continu de matières déversables |
| US3216629A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1965-11-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Blending apparatus |
| US3337194A (en) * | 1965-08-09 | 1967-08-22 | Phillips Petroleum Co | In-line blender |
| US3361413A (en) * | 1966-11-10 | 1968-01-02 | Young Machinery Company Inc | Apparatus for blending particulate solids |
| US3539154A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1970-11-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Blending apparatus |
| DE3208499C2 (de) * | 1981-08-18 | 1987-01-15 | Waeschle Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7980 Ravensburg | Verfahren und Schwerkraftmischer zum Mischen von Schüttgut |
| US4384789A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1983-05-24 | Allied Industries | Blender |
| DE3401687A1 (de) * | 1984-01-19 | 1985-07-25 | Hahn Verfahrenstechnik GmbH, 6052 Mühlheim | Gravitationsmischer |
| DE3607485C2 (de) * | 1986-03-07 | 1994-06-30 | Avt Anlagen Verfahrenstech | Vorrichtung zum Mischen von staub- und pulverförmigen sowie grobkörnigen Schüttgütern |
| DE3608650A1 (de) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-17 | Waeschle Maschf Gmbh | Schuettgutmischer |
| US4822173A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-04-18 | Fuller Company | Withdrawal system for vessel |
-
1988
- 1988-08-26 DE DE3829055A patent/DE3829055A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1989
- 1989-08-17 US US07/394,925 patent/US4978228A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-22 JP JP1214261A patent/JP2852668B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-23 DE DE8989115576T patent/DE58902679D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-23 AT AT89115576T patent/ATE82154T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-23 ES ES89115576T patent/ES2036316T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-23 EP EP89115576A patent/EP0355813B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2852668B2 (ja) | 1999-02-03 |
| EP0355813B2 (fr) | 1998-04-29 |
| ES2036316T5 (es) | 1998-10-01 |
| US4978228A (en) | 1990-12-18 |
| EP0355813A2 (fr) | 1990-02-28 |
| EP0355813A3 (en) | 1990-03-21 |
| ATE82154T1 (de) | 1992-11-15 |
| ES2036316T3 (es) | 1993-05-16 |
| DE3829055A1 (de) | 1990-03-01 |
| DE58902679D1 (de) | 1992-12-17 |
| JPH02152533A (ja) | 1990-06-12 |
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