EP0357611A1 - Verfahren zum nachweis des karzinogenen menschlichen papillomavirus. - Google Patents

Verfahren zum nachweis des karzinogenen menschlichen papillomavirus.

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Publication number
EP0357611A1
EP0357611A1 EP88902077A EP88902077A EP0357611A1 EP 0357611 A1 EP0357611 A1 EP 0357611A1 EP 88902077 A EP88902077 A EP 88902077A EP 88902077 A EP88902077 A EP 88902077A EP 0357611 A1 EP0357611 A1 EP 0357611A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dna
hpv
hpv16
lane
polymerase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88902077A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0357611A4 (en
EP0357611B1 (de
Inventor
Brian James Morris
Brian Nightingale
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University of Sydney
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University of Sydney
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Application filed by University of Sydney filed Critical University of Sydney
Publication of EP0357611A1 publication Critical patent/EP0357611A1/de
Publication of EP0357611A4 publication Critical patent/EP0357611A4/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/686Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/70Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
    • C12Q1/701Specific hybridization probes
    • C12Q1/708Specific hybridization probes for papilloma

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for the specific detection of the DNA of papillomaviruses in clinical samples.
  • the test aims to differentiate, in the shortest possible time, whether cells from the anogenital region contain types of papillomavirus that are associated with cancer or whether they contain types of papillomavirus that are generally associated with benign lesions.
  • Cancer of the cervix is the most common cancer in women ( ⁇ 25% of all female cancer). Moreover, the incidence is increasing in younger women. Indeed, approximately 2% of routine cervical smears show abnormal cytology, indicating an epidemic. Such an epidemic is current in many western and developing countries. Sexual activity appears to be an important predisposing factor in the epidemiology of carcinogenesis and precancerous lesions. An early age of sexual intercourse and multiplicity of sexual partners are associated statistically with an increased risk of malignancy [Harris et al, Br. J. Cancer 42: 359-63, 1980].
  • the new techniques in molecular biology can be utilised to bypass such problems and provide more objective information.
  • nucleic acid hybridization techniques the viral DNA can be identified directly and at an earlier stage of infection. Indeed, using these approaches, HPV types have been found in both benign and premalignant lesions.
  • HPV6 de Villiers etal., J. Virol. 40: 932-5, 1981
  • HPV11 Gassman etal, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • High-risk HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV43 and HPV44.
  • the frequency of occurrence of the higher risk types is in decreasing order.
  • HPV16 is most common (45-60%)
  • HPV18 is next most common (20-30%)
  • the others are rarer, the last 4 being discovered only recently and reported in 1986 (total frequency for all of these rarer types is, collectively, ⁇ 15%).
  • Other rarer types are likely to be discovered in due course.
  • the integration pattern usually interupts or deletes specific regions of the HPV16 or 18 DNA, but consistently leaves intact the E6 and E7 openreading frames (ORFs) ([Pater and Pater, Virology 145: 313-8, 1985], which continue to express, at least in cell lines derived from cervical carcinomas [Smotkin and Wettstein, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83: 4680-4, 1986; Androphy et al, EMBO J. 6: 989-92, 1987; Baker et al, J. Virol 61: 962-71, 1987; Takebeet al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 143: 837-44, 1987].
  • ORFs E6 and E7 openreading frames
  • HPV6b The sequence of HPV6b is given in Schwartz et al, EMBO J. 2: 2361-8, 1983.
  • the sequence of HPV11 is given in Dartmann et al, Virology 151: 124-30, 1986.
  • the sequence of HPV16 is given in Seedorf et al, Virology 145: 181-5, 1985.
  • the sequence of HPV18 is given in Matlashewski et al, J. Gen. Virol 67: 1909-16, 1986.
  • the sequence of HPV33 is given in Cole and Streeck, J. Virol 58: 991-5, 1986.
  • DNA is double-stranded. Each strand of DNA is a complementary 'mirror image' of the other. The DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonding.
  • Our techniques for detecting viral DNAs are based on the ability of the unique sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand to bond with ('hybridize') to a sequence complementary to it.
  • a DNA sequence for all or a unique part of a papillomavirus type it is possible to use this as a 'homing probe' in order to detect the virus in a sample of cervical cells from a patient.
  • the DNA for use as probe is labelled either with a radioactive isotope or nonradioactive label so that it can be detected later.
  • To increase the sensitivity of the test we have utilized a method for amplification of the HPV DNA sequences in the sample.
  • PCR PCR
  • a typical amplification factor is ⁇ 250,000 copies starting from one copy of viral DNA.
  • Such an approach not only increases sensitivity, but fulfills requirements of specificity, speed, simplicity, and amenabihty to nonradioactive detection methods expected of a more versatile testing procedure. It is also amenable to assembly as a kit and to automation, both of which we have accomplished.
  • the PCR technique is described in papers that deal with prenatal diagnostic testing for specific genetic abnormalities [Sakii et al, Science 230: 1350-4,
  • Patent Application AU-A-55323/86 "Amplification and Detection of Target Nucleic Acid by
  • a small, unique portion of the HPV DNA sequence is amplified by the PCR procedure.
  • a region in the E6 region has been chosen.
  • any other region in the viral DNA may also be chosen.
  • the PCR step requires two ⁇ 20mer oligonucleotide primers that flank the region to be amplified.
  • One primer is complementary to the (+)-strand of a region of the DNA and the other is complementary to the (-)-strand.
  • the annealing of primer to the ( +)-strand of denatured sample viral DNA, followed by extension with, e.g., the Klenow fragment o ⁇ Escherichia coli DNA polymerase, or other enzymes that carry out a similar reaction, and deoxynucleotide triphosphates results in the synthesis of a (-)-strand fragment containing a 'target' sequence residing between the hybridization sites of the primer.
  • a similar reaction occurs with the other primer, creating a new (+)-strand.
  • the principle of the method is shown in the following diagram.
  • DNA strands are themselves templates for the PCR primers, repeated cycles of denaturation, primer annealing, and extension result in the exponential accumulation of the ⁇ 100-200 bp region defined by the primers.
  • the specific DNA is detected. Various means are possible for doing this. The amount of DNA produced may be sufficient for direct visualization after electrophoresis on a gel and staining.
  • the present invention provides a method of detection of carcinogenic human papillomavirus HPV16 and/or HPV18 which comprises
  • step (ii) adding oligonucleotide primers defining each end of said characteristic DNA portion, (iii) cooling to aUow the primers to anneal to the dissociated DNA strands, (iv) adding a DNA polymerase, (v) at the cooled temperature allowing formation of DNA complementary to each strand of said characteristic DNA portion, (vi) heating to dissociation temperature, and repeating steps (iii) to (vi), optionally omitting step (iv) where a heat stable DNA polymerase is used.
  • the invention also extends to the specific oligonucleotide primers used, and to specific labelled oligonucleotide probes, as described hereinafter.
  • Viral DNA is amplified by a polymerase chain reaction.
  • Samples are applied to a charged nylon membrane using a dot manifold, along with appropriate standards and controls.
  • Filter is hybridized with labelled mixed viral DNA probes, one mixture containing probes for the 'high risk' (potentially carcinogenic) and the other probes for the 'low risk' HPVs.
  • oligonucleotides For each HPV type or category two synthetic oligonucleotides are synthesized for use as primers in the extension and amplification step of PCR. These oligonucleotides correspond to
  • DNA flanking a specific "target" sequence of interest this being a sequence of DNA in the viral genome that is unique for HPV and differs from one HPV type or category ('high risk' vs low risk') to the next.
  • target sequence of interest a sequence of DNA in the viral genome that is unique for HPV and differs from one HPV type or category ('high risk' vs low risk') to the next.
  • oligonucleotides described below to be suitable; however, other appropriate sequences can also be chosen for the specific viral types indicated or for other types of papillomavirus.
  • Suitable target sequence has been chosen within the E6 open reading frame of the viral genome.
  • Suitable DNA sequences flanking this target sequence for use as primers are as follows (where position number refers to the nucleotide sequence of the viral genome) and are the same for each of these HPVs:
  • HPV6/11 primer 1 5' ATGCCTCCACGTCTGCAAC 3'
  • primers have complementary sequences on HPV6 and HPV11. They differ from sequences in the genomes of HPV16, HPV18 and HPV33, where separate primers flanking a chosen DNA target sequence are synthesized for these, together with oligonucleotides suitable for use as probes, using the same principal as described above and below, respectively, for HPV6 and HPV11.
  • High risk HPVs For HPV16 and HPV 33 suitable sequences flanking a chosen target sequence are as follows:
  • HPV16/33 primer 1 5' TGAGGTATATGACTTTGCTTTT 3'
  • HPV16/33 primer 2 3 AATTAATCCACATAAT 5'
  • HPV18 primer 1 5 TGTCATAACCrrGAATGTCT 3' POSITION: 428 437
  • HPV18 primer 2 3' AAATGTATAGATTTTATTC 5'
  • the sample may then be divided and probed for each category of HPV types (high risk vs low risk).
  • Synthesize oligonucleotide (target) sequence for use as probe This corresponds to a region between the two primers, and is identical for each of the viral types HPV6 and HPV11, but differs, of course, from any other viral or other DNA sequence. These sequences are as follows:
  • HPV6/11 target oligonucleotide 5' GCAAGACGTTTAATCT 3'
  • oligonucleotide (target) sequence is synthesized for use as a probe:
  • HPV16/33 target oligonucleotide 5' GTGAGTATAGACATTAT 3'
  • target sequence is synthesized for use as a probe:
  • HPV18 target oligonucleotide 5' GATTTATTTGTGGTGTATAGA 3,
  • [ ⁇ - 32 P]dATP (sp. act 3000 Ci/mmol) 100 pmoles (i.e., 30 ⁇ l of a 10 mCi/ml solution)
  • nonradioactive labelling of oligonucleotides for use as hybridization probes are more appropriate for use in a HPV detection kit as they generally have acceptably long half-lives and avoid dangers from and the need for a licence for use of radioactivity.
  • Alkaline phosphatase labelled oligonucleotides of any sequence specified are available made-to-order from BRESA.
  • Lysis buffer 50 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.5% SDS, 10 mM EDTA.
  • Deproteinization reagent 1 phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1, v/v)
  • Deproteinization reagent 2 chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (24:1, v/v)
  • DNA polymerase solution 1 U/ ⁇ l of DNA polymerase (Klenow fragment)
  • Prehybridization solution 6 x SSC, 25 x Denhardt's solution, 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate.
  • Hybridization solution 6 x SSC, 1 x Denhardt's solution and 0.5% SDS, with 100 ng/ml alkaline phosphatase linked oligonucleotide probe.
  • Wash solution 3 1 M NaCl, 0.1 M Tris.HCl, pH 9.5, 5 mM MgCl 2
  • Colour reagent solution 0.33 mg/ml nitroblue tetrazollium (NBT), 0.17 mg/ml 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl phosphate (BCIP), 0.33% v/v dimethylformamide in 0.1 M Tris.HCl, pH 9.5, 0.1M NaCl, 5mM Mg Cl 2
  • TE 10 mM Tris.HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA
  • Denhardt's solution 5 g Ficoll, 5 g polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5 g bovine serum albumin, made up to
  • the scrape tissue may be kept at 4°C for 2-3 days or frozen at -20°C for longer term storage.
  • a DNA polymerase that is resistant to 95°C is used instead. Use of this enzyme facilitates the test to some extent and, most importantly, reduces costs to -20%.
  • Example(s) positive for HPV16 or HPV33 show as a discrete band of approximately 200 bp.
  • Samples positive for HPV6 or HPV11 show as a discrete band of approximately 120 bp.
  • Samples positive for HPV6/11 and HPV16/33 show as discrete 200 bp and 120 bp bands.
  • Probing membrane with alkaline phosphatase-linked oligonucleotide probe i) Prehybridization - Place membrane in plastic bag provided and add 10 ml of prehybridization solution. Seal bag and incubate at 30°C for 40 min with agitation. ii) Hybridization - Empty contents of bag and replace with 10 ml of hybridization solution. Reseal plastic bag and incubate at 30°C for at 40 mi ⁇ with agitation. iii) Washing - Remove membrane from bag and place in a dish containing 500 ml of wash solution 1 preheated to 37°C. Agitate for 10 minutes at this temperature.
  • the membrane is prehybridized for at least 1 h at 30°C. Several approaches can be used for this.
  • carrier DNA e.g., from herring sperm
  • Hybridization Pour off prehybridization mixture and replace with hybridization mixture, which is the same except for the addition of radioactively labelled viral DNA (1 ng/ml hybridization mixture).
  • the membrane is blotted with filter paper, but not allowed to dry, and while still moist, is taped to a sheet of 3MM Whatman paper, then covered with cling wrap. 2. This is applied to a suitable x-ray film (e.g., Kodak XR-5) in a dark-room and sealed in an autoradiography cassette with two intensifying screens (DuPont).
  • a suitable x-ray film e.g., Kodak XR-5
  • DuPont two intensifying screens
  • lysis buffer by adding 1 ml distilled water to lysis buffer powder and then mixing it with the enzyme powder in vial.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • Results have indicated the importance of direct HPV detection in patient evaluation. For example, many patients that had normal cytology of cervical cells were found to be infected with the carcinogenic varieties of HPV. This may reflect the fact that our test can detect infection at an earlier stage, perhaps even before the virus has had a chance to cause a morphological change in the cell. Moreover, the lesions associated with the potentially carcinogenic varieties of HPV are often flat, rather than the large obvious condylamas caused by the more benign varieties, and are therefore not as easily seen in the clinic.
  • HPV16/33 primers 4 ⁇ l of each dNTP (50 mM stock). 23 rounds of: 98°C for 2 min, then 37°C for 2 min, add Klenow, then 37°C for 2 min. Electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel. Ethidium bromide stained gel is shown in Figure 4. Lanes 1 and 3 are DNA size markers, viz. pBR322 cut with Hpa ⁇ l and SPP-1, respectively. A single DNA band of the expected size (-200 base pairs) can be seen in lane 2.
  • Lane 2 blank Lane 3 - 100 ng HPV33 cut with BglI/PstI
  • Hybridization in lane 1 shows that specimen Gap289 contained HPV 16.
  • Figure 9 depicts the stained gel result.
  • Figure 10 shows the result of radioactive target oligo probing.
  • Figure 1 1 shows the result of alkaline phosphatase target oligo probing.
  • a dark band of hybridization can be seen at the correct position in lane 1 for the patient specimen 's PCR products and bands in lanes 2 and 3 corresponding to the position of the whole virus. This confirms the presence of HPV 16 in the cervical scrape.
  • Lane 3 - -500 ng Hs biopsy Lane 4 - -500 ng Ls biopsy
  • HPV6/1 1 band can be seen in lane 3.
  • Figure 18 a single band of hybridization to the -200 bp HPV16/33 amplification products can be seen in each of lanes 6-3.
  • Figure 19 shows the result of a 1.5 h exposure to the x-ray film: hybridization can be seen to the ⁇ 200 bp HPV 16/33 amplification products.
  • Figure 20 is a dot blot probed with radioactive target oligo probe (Right: diagram of position of samples on dot blot; Left: result of hybridization).
  • HP V 16/33 amplification products can be seen for the biopsy (lanes 2-4) and the anal scrape (lane 5).
  • the lanes are as follows: Lane 1 - pBR322 cut with Hpall Lane 2 - Gap289 (1:10 3 ) PCR (HPV16/33 primers only) Lane 3 - Gap289 (1:10 6 ) PCR ( HPV16/33 primers only) Lane 4 - Gap289 (1:10 9 ) PCR ( HPV16/33 primers only) Lane 5 - Anal scrape Gap402 PCR (HPV6/11 and HP V16/33 primers) Lane 6 - Bs wart PCR (HPV6/11 and HPV16/33 primers) Lane 7 - Cervical scrape 11912 ( HPV 16/33 primers only) Lane 8 - Vaginal scrape 11912 ( HPV16/33 primers only)
  • Lane 1 Bacteriophage ⁇ cut with HindIII/EcoRI Lane 2 - 5 ⁇ g Bs wart DNA, BglII/BamHI Lane 3 - 5 ⁇ g Gap289, BglII/BamHI Lane 4 - HPV16/pBR322, BamHI Lane 5 - HPV33/plink, Bglll Lane 6 - SPP-1
  • Lane 1 - HPV 16 insert PCR products HPV 16/33 primers.
  • HPV 18 PCR products of -100 bp can be seen in lane 2.
  • lane 1 are the HPV 16 PCR products of ⁇ 200 bp.

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EP88902077A 1987-02-26 1988-02-24 Verfahren zum nachweis des karzinogenen menschlichen papillomavirus Expired - Lifetime EP0357611B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU559/87 1987-02-26
AUPI055987 1987-02-26
PCT/AU1988/000047 WO1988006634A1 (en) 1987-02-26 1988-02-24 A method of detection of carcinogenic human papillomavirus

Publications (3)

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EP0357611A1 true EP0357611A1 (de) 1990-03-14
EP0357611A4 EP0357611A4 (en) 1991-10-02
EP0357611B1 EP0357611B1 (de) 1995-04-26

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EP88902077A Expired - Lifetime EP0357611B1 (de) 1987-02-26 1988-02-24 Verfahren zum nachweis des karzinogenen menschlichen papillomavirus

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US (2) US5783412A (de)
EP (1) EP0357611B1 (de)
JP (3) JP3096704B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE121794T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3853678T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1988006634A1 (de)

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JP2000189200A (ja) 2000-07-11
ATE121794T1 (de) 1995-05-15
DE3853678D1 (de) 1995-06-01
EP0357611A4 (en) 1991-10-02
AU1393888A (en) 1988-09-26
AU611135B2 (en) 1991-06-06
WO1988006634A1 (en) 1988-09-07
JPH02502334A (ja) 1990-08-02
US6218104B1 (en) 2001-04-17
JP2001197894A (ja) 2001-07-24
JP3096704B2 (ja) 2000-10-10
US5783412A (en) 1998-07-21
DE3853678T2 (de) 1995-08-31
EP0357611B1 (de) 1995-04-26

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