EP0357664A1 - Bande de brasage stratifiee - Google Patents

Bande de brasage stratifiee

Info

Publication number
EP0357664A1
EP0357664A1 EP88904044A EP88904044A EP0357664A1 EP 0357664 A1 EP0357664 A1 EP 0357664A1 EP 88904044 A EP88904044 A EP 88904044A EP 88904044 A EP88904044 A EP 88904044A EP 0357664 A1 EP0357664 A1 EP 0357664A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
substrate
foil
product
multilayered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88904044A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0357664A4 (en
Inventor
Anatol Rabinkin
Edward Michael Norin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
AlliedSignal Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AlliedSignal Inc filed Critical AlliedSignal Inc
Publication of EP0357664A1 publication Critical patent/EP0357664A1/fr
Publication of EP0357664A4 publication Critical patent/EP0357664A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
    • B23K35/0233—Sheets or foils
    • B23K35/0238—Sheets or foils layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of flexible multilayered strip and, in particular, to the production of flexible multilayered brazing foils formed of rapidly solidified homogeneous metal foil joined to a ductile substrate.
  • Brazing is a process for metallurgically bonding materials, often of dissimilar compositions, to each others at temperatures above about 450°C.
  • a filler metal that has a melting point lower than that of the base material parts to be joined is interposed herebetween and the assembly is then heated to a temperature sufficient to melt the filler metal. Upon cooling, a strong joint is formed.
  • brazing is commonly employed in the manufacture of a wide variety of products such as heat exchangers, cemented carbide tipped tools, bicycle frames, electrical products, etc.
  • brazing fillers are employed in powder, ribbon, wire or wrought form.
  • Improved brazing foils have been formed by rapid solidification techniques. These foils possess the ability to substantially reduce the number of failed joints because of improved homogeneity resulting from the rapid solidification process. Examples of such improved materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,448,852 and 4,489,136.
  • rapidly solidified brazing foils exhibit loses in relative ductility as the foil thickness increases and especially at foil thicknesses of greater than about 75-100 ⁇ m. Accordingly, there are applications which, because of the configurations of the brazed joint (especially those requiring a brazing filler-metal thickness larger than about 75 ⁇ m) require either special handling of the rapidly solidified brazing foil or, in some instances, require the selection of an alternative, inferior brazing material.
  • the present invention is directed to multilayered products, in particular multilayered brazing foils, which comprise a rapidly solidified, homogeneous alloy foil metallically bonded to a substrate, wherein the substrate is capable of undergoing a substantial degree of plastic deformation without any substantial degradation of its ductility, and wherein the integrity of the foil layer is maintained.
  • the present invention is directed to a process for producing multilayered products, in particular multilayered brazing foils, which comprises the steps of: arranging a rapidly solidified, homogeneous alloy in contact with a substrate capable of undergoing a substantial degree of plastic deformationswithout experiencing a substantial degradation of the ductility thereof; and applying heat and pressure to the alloy and substrate at a temperature and pressure in an amount and for a time sufficient to cause the substrate to undergo plastic deformation and to create metallic bonding between the alloy and the substrate.
  • bonding is accomplished by a roll bonding process to produce continuous, multilayered brazing strip.
  • an improved process for brazing parts comprising the steps of arranging at least two parts relative to each other to define a gap therebetween, interposing in the gap between the parts a multilayered brazing filler material comprising a layer of rapidly solidified, homogeneous alloy foil metallically bonded to a substrate capable of undergoing substantial plastic deformation without substantial degradation of the ductility thereof, heating at least the filler material to melt at least the foil and to cause the parts to be joined, and then cooling the filler material to produce a brazement.
  • the brazing material In any brazing process, the brazing material must meet a variety of criteria in order to be acceptable for use in the process.
  • the brazing material must have a melting point that is sufficiently high to maintain its integrity and physical properties over the entire range of service requirements of the metal parts being brazed.
  • the melting point must not be so high as to make difficult the brazing operation.
  • the filler material must be compatible, both chemicallly and metallurgically, with the parts being brazed. Morever, the brazing material should be homogeneous; that is, it should have a substantially uniform composition in all dimensions.
  • the brazing material must be ductile to enable it to be formed to accommodate the size and shape of the joint gap to be brazed. Finally, the brazing material must be thick enough to provide sufficient filler metal to fill completely the gap.
  • Multilayered metallic products are generally referred to as "plymetal" parts. Rapidly solidified, homogeneous alloy foils have been produced for a number of years by a process referred to as rapid solidification technique. See, for example. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,448,852 and 4,489,136.
  • the process comprises the steps of selecting a particular composition of the requisite elements in the desired proportions, melting and homogenizing the same, and depositing the molten compositions onto a chill surface, such as rapidly rotating cylinder, to quench the composition.
  • Rapid solidification as used herein means the application of a quench rate of at least about 10 5 °C/sec.
  • the products resulting from this process may be crystalline or amorphous, but regardless of their structure, they are homogeneous.
  • the products are in foil form; that is, they have a thickness that is small relative to the width and length of the product. Most preferably, the foil is in the form of ribbon.
  • the rapidly solidified, homogeneous foil is metallically bonded to a substrate.
  • the substrate is formed of a material which is capable of undergoing a substantial degree of plastic deformation without substantial degradation of its ductility.
  • the degree of plastic deformation ranges from a few percent to
  • Substrates within the scope of the invention include Cu and Cu-base alloys, Cu-Ag-base alloy. Fe and Fe-base alloys and Ni and Ni-base alloys. Most preferably, the substrate is matched to the foil to which it is to be bonded. For example, Cu-base alloy foils would most preferably be bonded to Cu or Cu-base alloy substrates.
  • Metallic bonds are created by the sharing of electrons by groups of atoms, creating what is sometimes referred to as an electron cloud of free moving electrons.
  • the existance of a composition gradient between the foil and substrate, which enhances the creation of such electron cloud, coupled with plastic deformation of the substrate at an elevated temperature yields an essentially void free, continuous interface between the foil and substrate and creates to produce a strong metallic bond at the interface.
  • Multilayered products within the scope of the invention are, most preferably, brazing strips.
  • the brazing strips of the present invention overcome a long-felt need in the industry to produce thick, ductile brazing strip from compositions which are inherently brittle in conventional form or in thick (A 100 ⁇ m) rapidly solidified foil from.
  • Most brazing alloys contain a large concentration of metalloid elements such as Si, B, and P which form brittle intermetallic compounds upon crystallization.
  • the present invention advantageously utilizes the plasticity and inherent ductility in the substrate to produce a multilayered product which has ductility substantially equal to he ductility of the substrate.
  • the invention is particularly useful in brazing applications which require filling a gap of 100 ⁇ m or more.
  • the multilayered brazing strip enhance the ability to braze certain dissimilar materials. For example.
  • the prior art employed expensive silver-base brazing filler metal to braze the carbide to the steel.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the carbides and steel are so different, internal stresses in the brazement are quite high and can lead to premature failure.
  • a three-layered strip of a substrate, such as copper, sandwiched between rapidly solidified homogeneous-brazing alloy is used because the substrate accommodates the difference in stresses between the carbide and the steel while maintaining the service thermal and strength requirements of the tool.
  • Another advantage to the production of thick brazing filler products is the elimination of the need for adhering together multiple strips of rapidly solidified material through the use of binders which could contaminate the brazement and/or create voids therein.
  • the present invention one can, for the first time, produce brazing filler strips of rapidly solidified brazing foil in thickness of 100 ⁇ m or greater. Morever, because of the loss in ductility of rapidly solidified alloys as they approach 100 u m or more in thickness, the present invention provides thick brasing strip which has all the advantages associated with rapidly solidified brazing foil.
  • the process of making the products of the present invention comprises the steps of arranging the foil in contact with the substrate and. thereafter, applying heat and pressure to the foil and substrate to cause the substrate to undergo plastic deformation and create metallic bonding between the foil and the substrate.
  • the foil and substrate can be brought into contact in any of a variety of ways such as by laying the foil on top of the substrate by hand or, in the most preferred embodiment, by providing the substrate and foil as continuous spools from which strip is continuously fed into contacting relationship at a location at which bonding is to occur.
  • Bonding can be created by means of any suitable apparatus which is capable of applying heat and pressure in accordance with the teachings hereinafter.
  • conventional cladding equipment can be employed.
  • roll bonding apparatus employing heated rolls is used to produce continuous brazing strip.
  • the substrate and foil are fed continuously past heated rolls designed and arranged to provide substantially constant temperature and pressure to the substrate and foil in order to bond the same.
  • the temperature at which bonding is effected is dependent upon the structure of the rapidly solidified foils.
  • amorphous foil i.e., foil which is at least 50% amorphous by x-ray diffraction
  • the temperature of bonding must be equal to or greater than the crystallization of the amorphous foil.
  • the temperature of bonding must be at least about 0.4T, where T is the melting temperature of the alloy in degree Kelvin. K.
  • the pressure applied to the layers must be sufficient to cause plastic deformation of the substrate in an amount necessary to create an essentially continuous, void-free interface between the f oil and the substrate . Accordingly, while the pressure will vary depending upon the substrate material employed, it is preferred that a force of at least about 0.75 MN be used. In particular, for roll bonding (500 mm O.D. rolls), we prefer to employ a separating force of between 0.75 MN and about 2.5 MN. although lower and higher pressures can be used.
  • An additional feature of the process is the step of cooling the bonded product.
  • the product is cooled by employing air or a non-oxidizing medium such as nitrogen or an inert gas. The cooling most preferably occurs immediately after completion of the bonding step to avoid oxidation of the surface of the product which may affect product utility as a brazing strip.
  • processes for brazing parts comprise the steps of arranging at least two parts relative to each other to define a gap therebetween, interposing in the gap a multilayered brazing filler material comprising a layer of rapidly solidified, homogeneous alloy foil metallically bonded to a substrate capable of undergoing substantial plastic deformation without substantial degradation of the ductility thereof, heating at least the filler material to melt at least the brazing foil layer of the strip and to cause the parts to be joined, and thus cooling the filler material to produce a brazement.
  • the multilayered products of the present invention are superior to prior art products employed as brazing foils for all of the reasons described heretofore. While the invention has been described primarily by reference to two layered products, it should be quite evident that particularly useful products are those which include more than two layers. e.g., three layers composed of a substrate sandwiched between two rapidly solidified foils as described heretofore.
  • Example 1 is provided in order to illustrate the scope of the inventions but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to anything less than is disclosed hereinabove.
  • Example 1 is provided in order to illustrate the scope of the inventions but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to anything less than is disclosed hereinabove.
  • a multilayered brazing strip was produced using an electrolytic tough-pitch copper substrate and a BAg-3 (American Welding Society Designation) microcrystalline alloy.
  • BAg-3 microcrystalline alloy was produced by remelting Handy and Harman's Easy Flo-free TM alloy in a quartz crucible and casting by a planar flow rapid solidification technique.
  • the center was 2 plies of 25 ram x 75 w m thick copper ribbon.
  • the outer layers were made from 25 mm x 75 ⁇ m ribbon of BAg-3 brazing alloy.
  • There BAg-3 layers had, prior to rolling, microhardness of 230 and 260 HV (Vickers microhardness units), respectively.
  • the copper ribbon had a microhardness of 120 HV. In this case, the copper ribbon is about twice as ductile and malleable as the BAg-3 alloy.
  • the strip was produced by high temperature consolidation on a Stanat 6" x 6" rolling mill. At 178 kN force, well bonded material was produced at rolls temperature of 380-400°C and at .03-.05 m/s rolling rate. By using two copper plies together as the substrate, a strip with the commercially desired thickness of 300 m was produced. Strips of 360 mm length were produced.
  • Example 2
  • Ribbon, 38 ⁇ m thick, of an alloy designated as MBF-2005 (having a composition within the range of compositions disclosed in U.S. 4,489,136) was bonded to both sides of a 406 u rn thick (16 gauge) copper strip.
  • the consolidation was carried out in a Canadian Iron Foundry, 2-high, heated rolling mill with 500 mm diameter cast steel rolls.
  • the 101 mm wide brazing alloy formed the outer layers while the 108 mm wide, soft copper composed the center core.
  • Roll speed was held at 5 m/rain, roll temperature at 490°C. while rolling pressure was 2.0 MN.
  • a well bonded multilayered strip was produced.
  • Example 5 Using the same heating rolling mill as described in Example 2. above. 100 mm wide x 38 ⁇ m thick ribbons of alloy MBF-2005 were clad on both sides of a 150 mm wide x 127 ⁇ m thick copper core. At conditions of 5 m/min rolling speed. 490°C rolls temperature and 1.6 MN rolling pressure, twenty well bonded strips of plymetal were produced. Good metallurgical bonding between the copper substrate and MBF-2005 alloy and a fine uniform crystalline structure of the MBF-2005 alloy layers resulted. Differential thermal analysis of this plymetal strip was done on a Perkin-Elmer 1700 DTA analyzer in order to determine the melting characteristics of this strip. The strip characteristics are essentially the same as the characteristics of an MBF-2005 single ribbon when measured in the brazing temperature range. The presence of a metallurgically-bonded copper core does not change the strip melting behavior of the low melting MBF-2005 constituent layers.
  • Example 5 Example 5
  • Example 6 In the same equipment and under similar conditions as in Example 3, separate 25 and 50 mm wide x .38 ⁇ m thick ribbons of MBF-2005 alloy were bonded to both sides of a 25 mm wide x 127 ⁇ m thick copper core. At conditions of 5 m/rain rolling speed, 520°C roll temperature and 1.3 MN force, twenty well-bonded, 300 mm long strips of plymetal were produced.
  • Example 6 Two 100 mm wide, 50 ⁇ m thick ribbons of copper-tin (90/10) brazing alloy (designated MBF-2004B) were clad on both sides of a 100 mm wide. 37 ⁇ m thick copper strip.
  • Example 3 The same equipment as in Example 3 was used and the production conditions were 3.0 m/min rolling speed, 525oC rolls temperature and 1.45 MN roll pressure. During some tests, the exiting strip was cooled by compressed air. The addition of the cooling step produced a brighter, shinier, oxidation free strip surface, strong metallurgical bonding was achieved with this process as well.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Produit ductile multicouche comprenant une feuille d'alliage homogène rapidement solidifiée, soudée métalliquement à un substrat, dans lequel le substrat est susceptible de subir un degré élevé de déformation plastique sans dégradation sensible de sa ductilité. Le produit est particulièrement utile en tant que bande de brasage. Un procédé de fixation par laminage permettant de produire une bande de brasage ductile continue est également divulgué.
EP19880904044 1987-04-07 1988-04-04 Plymetal brazing strip Withdrawn EP0357664A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3568887A 1987-04-07 1987-04-07
US35688 1987-04-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0357664A1 true EP0357664A1 (fr) 1990-03-14
EP0357664A4 EP0357664A4 (en) 1991-05-22

Family

ID=21884221

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880904044 Withdrawn EP0357664A4 (en) 1987-04-07 1988-04-04 Plymetal brazing strip

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0357664A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2825249B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988007932A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10043484A1 (de) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-28 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Folienverbundkörper
US6587742B2 (en) 2000-12-20 2003-07-01 Mark Manuel Method and apparatus for the creation of a tool
US7222834B2 (en) 2001-08-14 2007-05-29 Floodcooling Technologies, Llc Tool and a method for making a tool
US20040038074A1 (en) 2001-11-01 2004-02-26 Mark Manuel Tool and a method for creating a tool
US7338717B2 (en) * 2002-11-07 2008-03-04 Floodcooling Technologies, Llc Tool and a method for creating the tool
US7195223B2 (en) 2002-12-02 2007-03-27 Mark Manuel System and a method for cooling a tool
US7376484B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2008-05-20 Floodcooling Technologies, Llc Method for building a tool
US7278197B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2007-10-09 Floodcooling Technologies, Llc Method for producing a tool
US7563091B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2009-07-21 Floodcooling Technologies, L.L.C. Tool having an ejection assembly, a method for making such a tool, and a method for ejecting a formed object from a tool
US7379787B2 (en) 2005-04-09 2008-05-27 Floodcooling Technologies, Llc Method for forming a tangible item and a tangible item formed by the method

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JPS4962363A (fr) * 1972-10-18 1974-06-17
US3940293A (en) * 1972-12-20 1976-02-24 Allied Chemical Corporation Method of producing amorphous cutting blades
US4146163A (en) * 1977-11-09 1979-03-27 Aluminum Company Of America Production of aluminum brazing sheet
US4186245A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-01-29 Allied Chemical Corporation Energy storage flywheel
US4365005A (en) * 1978-10-13 1982-12-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method of forming a laminated ribbon structure and a ribbon structure formed thereby
US4250229A (en) * 1979-04-04 1981-02-10 United Technologies Corporation Interlayers with amorphous structure for brazing and diffusion bonding
JPS5626689A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-14 Furukawa Kinzoku Kogyo Kk Production for low-melting point metal composite string
JPS5645714A (en) * 1979-09-22 1981-04-25 Terumi Hase Sand digger
US4340650A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-07-20 Gte Products Corporation Multi-layer composite brazing alloy
DE3106607C2 (de) * 1981-02-23 1987-08-20 Fr. Kammerer GmbH, 7530 Pforzheim Plattierverfahren
US4448853A (en) * 1981-04-15 1984-05-15 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Layered active brazing material and method for producing it
US4562951A (en) * 1982-04-12 1986-01-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of making metallic glass-metal matrix composites
JPS58179582A (ja) * 1982-04-13 1983-10-20 Nippon Steel Corp アルミニウム被覆鋼板の製造法
US4529458A (en) * 1982-07-19 1985-07-16 Allied Corporation Compacted amorphous ribbon
JPS59232693A (ja) * 1983-06-17 1984-12-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd セラミツクと金属等との接合用クラツドろう材及びこれを用いたセラミツクと金属等との複合体
US4568014A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-02-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Interior Bonding of metallic glass to crystalline metal
US4678720A (en) * 1985-01-04 1987-07-07 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Silver-copper-titanium brazing alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0357664A4 (en) 1991-05-22
JPH02502899A (ja) 1990-09-13
WO1988007932A1 (fr) 1988-10-20
JP2825249B2 (ja) 1998-11-18

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