EP0360843B1 - Impact sensor - Google Patents

Impact sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0360843B1
EP0360843B1 EP89900815A EP89900815A EP0360843B1 EP 0360843 B1 EP0360843 B1 EP 0360843B1 EP 89900815 A EP89900815 A EP 89900815A EP 89900815 A EP89900815 A EP 89900815A EP 0360843 B1 EP0360843 B1 EP 0360843B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnet
impact sensor
sensor according
movable mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89900815A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0360843A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Spies
Alfons Wöhrl
Horst Laucht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG filed Critical Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority to AT89900815T priority Critical patent/ATE77001T1/en
Publication of EP0360843A1 publication Critical patent/EP0360843A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0360843B1 publication Critical patent/EP0360843B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
    • H01H35/147—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch the switch being of the reed switch type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
    • H01H35/145—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch operated by a particular acceleration-time function

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact sensor that can be used in particular for safety devices in motor vehicles.
  • An acceleration sensor is e.g. described in DE 21 58 800 B2.
  • a ball which is attracted to a permanent magnet in the rest position, is moved away from it by overcoming the attraction force and triggers a switching process.
  • the disadvantage here is that the switch is a microswitch with an actuating plunger loaded by spring force.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an impact sensor for safety devices, which is also difficult to use and Switching conditions works exactly according to the design characteristics and this over a long service life.
  • Fig. 1d shows a modification to Fig. 1b including gravity to reset the ball in addition to the magnetic force and for all-round characteristics.
  • the impact sensor consists of a permanent magnet and two parallel soft magnetic circuits with different magnetic resistance.
  • the circuit with the lower magnetic resistance is closed with a ball exposed to the inertial force.
  • the ball moves from its starting position.
  • the magnetic resistance rises sharply. This increases the magnetic voltage and the reed relay located in the circuit with higher magnetic resistance as a magnetically operable insert. Switch, thereby switches over or on. If the effect of the external force ceases, the ball is pulled back into the starting position by the magnetic field. The reed relay returns to the original switching position.
  • the response characteristic can be designed, such as, for example, a circular section (xy-plane design) or an elliptical section (also possible or required in the z-direction design) .
  • the response threshold, the response sensitivity and the duty cycle can be largely adapted to the desired values due to the design.
  • the electrical contact with the help of a reed relay ensures high reliability, for example in the triggering circuit of an airbag system, a belt tensioner or similar known safety systems.
  • the sensor has a ferromagnetic mass 2, e.g. in spherical shape in its interior or free space 10.
  • the housing has an upper ferromagnetic sheet metal part 3 and a lower ferrromagnetic sheet metal part 4.
  • the reed switch is arranged in the electrically and magnetically non-conductive housing part 6.
  • the characteristic curve in particular of the magnetic forces acting on the ball 2, can be largely freely designed by shaping the free space in the housing.
  • the shape of the housing wall, which surrounds the free space 10, also determines the movement path limits of the ball 2 from the rest position 2 'on the magnet seat 1 facing the rest seat 7' into the switch position 2 "facing the reed switch 5 and its contact tongue (see FIG. 1c).
  • the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit 1-3-2-4 is symbolically represented with 8 and with 9 the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit 1-3-3'-5-4'-4.
  • the magnetic yoke plates 3 'and 4' in Fig. 1b are arranged exactly one behind the other, i.e. in this view, the yoke plate 4 'covers the yoke plate 3'. Both together hold the reed switch 5 in a cutout, in particular its glass jacket tube 11, which tapers at the ends with the connections 12.
  • Fig. 1d shows a modification in which the magnet 1 as in Fig. 1b is adjacent to the seat (cone) of the ball 2 and normally holds it. However, in Fig. 1d the magnet is arranged at a distance between the resting seat for the ball 2 and the reed switch 5. In addition to the magnetic return force, gravity also acts as a restoring force for the ball in the starting position (if the position is relative to the gravitational field). 1d shows the embodiment for an all-round characteristic.

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  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP88/01160 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 23, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 23, 1989 PCT Filed Dec. 15, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO89/07830 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 24, 1989.A magnetic impact sensor for motor vehicles with a safety system such as an airbag or belt tensioner for an occupant restraint system, has a circuit breaker arranged in an electrical trigger circuit of the safety system for inflating the airbag or tightening the belt by closing the trigger circuit in response to an acceleration or deceleration effective beyond a prescribed time duration. For this purpose a magnet in combination with specially shaped pole pieces forms two magnetic circuits the magnetic conductances of which are influenced by the position of a ferromagnetic ball that moves in response to an impact relative to the pole pieces to thereby open or close the circuit breaker. Normally, in the absence of an impact the ball is in a first position that keeps the circuit breaker open. When an impact occurs the ball moves into a second position to close the circuit breaker and thus the trigger circuit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Aufprallsensor, der insbesondere für Sicherungseinrichtungen in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendbar ist.The invention relates to an impact sensor that can be used in particular for safety devices in motor vehicles.

Ein Beschleunigungssensor ist z.B. in der DE 21 58 800 B2 beschrieben. Bei Auftreten einer beschleunigungskraft wird eine Kugel, die in Ruhestellung von einem Permanentmagneten angezogen ist, durch Überwindung der Anziehungskraft von diesem wegbewegt und löst einen Schaltvorgang aus. Nachteilig ist hierbei, daß der Schalter ein Mikroschalter mit einem durch Federkraft belasteten Betätigungsstößel ist.An acceleration sensor is e.g. described in DE 21 58 800 B2. When an acceleration force occurs, a ball, which is attracted to a permanent magnet in the rest position, is moved away from it by overcoming the attraction force and triggers a switching process. The disadvantage here is that the switch is a microswitch with an actuating plunger loaded by spring force.

Um die Nachteile der Verwendung von Federn in solchen Systemen zu überwinden, wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen (DE 33 38 287 C1) bei einem Beschleunigungssensor ein Dauermagnetsystem zu verwenden, das aus zwei Dauermagneten besteht, die mit gleichnamigen Polen einander zugewandt und in Richtung ihrer Längsachsen verschiebbar angeordnet sind. Die Dauermagneten sind Ringmagnete, innerhalb derselben ein Reed-Schalter angeordnet ist. Man kann bei einer solchen Anordnung u.U. auf Federn verzichten. Die Schaltbedingungen für den Reed-Schalter sind jedoch in der Praxis äußerst schwierig; insbesondere ist ein Prellen der Kontakte häufig.In order to overcome the disadvantages of using springs in such systems, it has also already been proposed (DE 33 38 287 C1) to use a permanent magnet system with an acceleration sensor, which consists of two permanent magnets which face one another with poles of the same name and can be displaced in the direction of their longitudinal axes are arranged. The permanent magnets are ring magnets, within which a reed switch is arranged. With such an arrangement it may be possible do without feathers. However, the switching conditions for the reed switch are extremely difficult in practice; bouncing of the contacts is particularly common.

Aus der US-A-3 459 911 ist ein Beschleunigungsfühler bekannt, bei dem eine bewegliche Masse sich bei einem vorbestimmten Wert der Beschleunigung von einem Magneten entfernt und dabei in einer vorgegebenen engen Bahn vorbei an zwei dazu parallel angeordneten Magnetschaltern (Reed-Kontakthaltern) bewegt. Dabei ist nachteilig, daß durch das rohrförmige Gehäuse hindurch Keine geschlossene Magnetkreise (mit Rückfluß) gebildet werden. Die Schließdauer der Kontakte des schalters ist daher ausgesprochen kurz und unbestimmt.From US-A-3 459 911 an acceleration sensor is known, in which a moving mass moves away from a magnet at a predetermined value of the acceleration and thereby moves in a predetermined narrow path past two magnetic switches (reed contact holders) arranged in parallel . The disadvantage here is that no closed magnetic circuits (with reflux) are formed through the tubular housing. The closing time of the contacts of the switch is therefore extremely short and indefinite.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es einen Aufprallsensor für Sicherheitseinrichtungen zu schaffen, der auch unter schwierigen Anwendungs- und Schaltbedingungen nach konstruktiv vorgegebener Charakteristik exakt arbeitet und dies über eine lange Lebensdauer hinweg.The object of the invention is to provide an impact sensor for safety devices, which is also difficult to use and Switching conditions works exactly according to the design characteristics and this over a long service life.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Aufprallsensor gemäß Anspruch 1.This object is achieved with an impact sensor according to claim 1.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung rein schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1a den magnetischen Kreis und seine Teile;
  • Fig. 1b einen Längsschnitt durch das Gehäuse des Sensors;
  • Fig. 1c eine Draufsicht auf den Freiraum für die Kugel im Gehäuse.
An embodiment of the invention is shown purely schematically in the drawing. Show it:
  • Figure 1a shows the magnetic circuit and its parts.
  • 1b shows a longitudinal section through the housing of the sensor;
  • Fig. 1c is a plan view of the space for the ball in the housing.

Fig. 1d eine Abwandlung zu Fig. 1b mit Einbeziehung der Schwerkraft zur Kugelrückstellung neben der Magnetkraft und für Rundumcharakteristik.Fig. 1d shows a modification to Fig. 1b including gravity to reset the ball in addition to the magnetic force and for all-round characteristics.

Der Aufprallsensor besteht aus einem Permanentmagnet und zwei parallelgeschalteten Weichmagnetkreisen unterschiedlichen magnetischen Widerstandes. Der Kreis mit dem niedrigeren magnetischen Widerstand ist mit einer der Trägheitskraft ausgesetzten Kugel geschlossen. Bei Einwirkung einer Beschleunigung oder Verzögerung über eine bestimmte Zett bewegt sich die Kugel aus ihrer Ausgangsposition. Der magnetische Widerstand steigt stark an. Dadurch steigt die magnetische Spannung an und das im Kreis höheren magnetischen Widerstands befindliche Reedrelais als magnetisch betätigbarer Einbzw. Umschalter, schaltet dadurch um oder ein. Hört die Einwirkung der äußeren Kraft auf, so wird die Kugel vom Magnetfeld wieder in die Ausgangsposition zurückgezogen. Das Reed-Relais geht wieder in die ursprüngliche Schaltposition..The impact sensor consists of a permanent magnet and two parallel soft magnetic circuits with different magnetic resistance. The circuit with the lower magnetic resistance is closed with a ball exposed to the inertial force. When accelerating or decelerating over a certain tread, the ball moves from its starting position. The magnetic resistance rises sharply. This increases the magnetic voltage and the reed relay located in the circuit with higher magnetic resistance as a magnetically operable insert. Switch, thereby switches over or on. If the effect of the external force ceases, the ball is pulled back into the starting position by the magnetic field. The reed relay returns to the original switching position.

Die Besonderheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden insbesondere anhand der Fig. 1b und 1c deutlich. Durch die Gestaltung des Kugelfreiraumes sowohl in der x-y-Ebene als auch in der Z-Dimension kann die Ansprechcharakteristik gestaltet werden, wie z.B. kreisausschntttförmig (x-y-Ebene-Gestaltung) oder auch ellipsenausschnittförmig (auch in z-Richtung-Gestaltung möglich bzw. erforderlich). Die Ansprechschwelle, die Ansprechempfindlichkeit und die Einschaltdauer sind durch die konstruktive Ausgestaltung den gewünschten Werten weitgehend anzupassen. Durch die elektrische Kontaktgabe mit Hilfe eines Reed-Relais ist hohe Zuverlässigkeit, z.B. in der Auslöseschaltung eines Airbag-Systems, eines Gurtstrammers oder ähnlichen bekannten Sicherheitssystemen, gewährleistet.The peculiarities and advantages of the invention are particularly clear with reference to FIGS. 1b and 1c. By designing the spherical space both in the xy-plane and in the Z-dimension, the response characteristic can be designed, such as, for example, a circular section (xy-plane design) or an elliptical section (also possible or required in the z-direction design) . The response threshold, the response sensitivity and the duty cycle can be largely adapted to the desired values due to the design. The electrical contact with the help of a reed relay ensures high reliability, for example in the triggering circuit of an airbag system, a belt tensioner or similar known safety systems.

Der Sensor weist in seinem Gehäuse 3, 4 eine ferromagnetische Masse 2, z.B. in Kugelform in seinem Innenraum oder Freiraum 10 auf. Das Gehäuse weist ein oberes ferromagnetisch leitendes Blechteil 3 und ein unteres ferrromagnetisch leitendes Blechteil 4 auf.The sensor has a ferromagnetic mass 2, e.g. in spherical shape in its interior or free space 10. The housing has an upper ferromagnetic sheet metal part 3 and a lower ferrromagnetic sheet metal part 4.

Der Reedschalter ist im elektrisch und magnetisch nichtleitenden Gehäuseteil 6 angeordnet.The reed switch is arranged in the electrically and magnetically non-conductive housing part 6.

Die Kennlinie insbesondere der magnetischen Kräfteeinwirkung auf die Kugel 2 ist durch Formgestaltung des Freiraums im Gehäuse weitgehend frei gestaltbar. Die Form der Gehäusewandung, die den Freiraum 10 umschließt, bestimmt auch die Bewegungsbahngrenzen der Kugel 2 von der Ruhestellung 2′ auf dem dem Magneten 1 zugekehrten Ruhesitz 7′ in die dem Reed-Schalter 5 und seiner Kontaktzunge zugekehrte Schaltstellung 2" (siehe Fig. 1c).The characteristic curve, in particular of the magnetic forces acting on the ball 2, can be largely freely designed by shaping the free space in the housing. The shape of the housing wall, which surrounds the free space 10, also determines the movement path limits of the ball 2 from the rest position 2 'on the magnet seat 1 facing the rest seat 7' into the switch position 2 "facing the reed switch 5 and its contact tongue (see FIG. 1c).

Im Prinzipschaltbild des Magnetsystems nach Fig. 1a ist mit 8 symbolisch dargestellt der magnetische Leitwert des Magnetkreises 1-3-2-4 und mit 9 der magnetische Leitwert des Magnetkreises 1-3-3′-5-4′-4.1a, the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit 1-3-2-4 is symbolically represented with 8 and with 9 the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit 1-3-3'-5-4'-4.

Dabei sind die Magnetjochbleche 3′ und 4′ in Fig. 1b genau hintereinander angeordnet, d.h. in dieser Ansicht verdeckt das Jochblech 4′ das Jochblech 3′. Beide zusammen halten in einem Ausschnitt den Reed-Schalter 5, insbesondere dessen Glasmantelrohr 11, das sich an den Enden mit den Anschlüssen 12 verjüngt.The magnetic yoke plates 3 'and 4' in Fig. 1b are arranged exactly one behind the other, i.e. in this view, the yoke plate 4 'covers the yoke plate 3'. Both together hold the reed switch 5 in a cutout, in particular its glass jacket tube 11, which tapers at the ends with the connections 12.

Fig. 1d stellt eine Abwandlung dar, bei der der Magnet 1 wie in Fig. 1b dem Ruhesitz (Kegel) der Kugel 2 benachbart ist und diese normalerweise hält. Jedoch ist in Fig. 1d der Magnet im Abstand zwischen Ruhesitz für die Kugel 2 und Reed-Schalter 5 angeordnet. Neben der Magnetrückholkraft wirkt hier zusätzlich die Schwerkraft (bei entsprechender Lage zum Gravitationsfeld) als Rückstellkraft für die Kugel in die Ausgangsposition. Fernerhin zeigt Fig. 1d die Ausführungsform für eine Rundumcharakteristik.Fig. 1d shows a modification in which the magnet 1 as in Fig. 1b is adjacent to the seat (cone) of the ball 2 and normally holds it. However, in Fig. 1d the magnet is arranged at a distance between the resting seat for the ball 2 and the reed switch 5. In addition to the magnetic return force, gravity also acts as a restoring force for the ball in the starting position (if the position is relative to the gravitational field). 1d shows the embodiment for an all-round characteristic.

Claims (7)

1. Impact sensor, in particular for safety devices in motor vehicles, having a magnetic switch (5) which is operated by acceleration or deceleration, and an inertial movable mass (2) which is pulled into an inoperative position by a magnet (1), characterised in that it comprises two magnet circuits which are fed by the magnet (1), magnetically in parallel, and variable with respect to their magnetic resistance, of which
the first magnetic circuit is formed by the magnet (1), magnetic-flux conducting portions (3, 4) and the movable mass (2) and is closed in the inoperative position,
and the second magnetic circuit is formed by the magnet (1), the magneticflux conducting portions (3, 3′, 4, 4′) and the magnetically operated switch (5), which responds when the magnetic potential in this second magnet circuit, affected by changes in the first magnetic circuit, arrives at a predetermined level.
2. Impact sensor according to claim 1, characterised in that the movable mass (2) is given, by virtue of the shape of its path, a space (10) to move in at least one plane (X-Y plane, Z plane)by which a desired response characteristic is achieved.
3. Impact sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the movable mass (2) displaces itself along its established movement path, against the action of the magnet (1) up to a predetermined distance from the inoperative position, with an acceleration or deceleration acting as an external force, and then, with cessation of the external force, returns under the force of the magnet (1), into its inoperative position.
4. Impact sensor according to claim 3, characterised in that gravity is used as an additional force to act on the movable mass (2) in the sense of a return force.
5. Impact sensor according to claim 3, characterised in that a spring acts on the movable mass (2) in the sense of a return force.
6. Impact sensor according to claim 1, characterised in that it can be operationally tested with respect to operational ability, in that a component (9) in the second magnetic circuit (1, 3, 3′, 5, 4, 4′), which is affected by the magnetic flux interruption by the inertial mass (2) in the first magnetic circuit (1, 2, 3, 4), is externally stimulated with respect to its magnetic resistance.
7. Impact sensor according to claim 6, characterised in that, for conducting the operational test, a current is sent through a coil (13) which surrounds the reed contact switch (5).
EP89900815A 1988-02-09 1988-12-15 Impact sensor Expired - Lifetime EP0360843B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89900815T ATE77001T1 (en) 1988-02-09 1988-12-15 IMPACT SENSOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3803914 1988-02-09
DE3803914A DE3803914A1 (en) 1988-02-09 1988-02-09 IMPACT SENSOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0360843A1 EP0360843A1 (en) 1990-04-04
EP0360843B1 true EP0360843B1 (en) 1992-06-03

Family

ID=6346990

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89900815A Expired - Lifetime EP0360843B1 (en) 1988-02-09 1988-12-15 Impact sensor

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US5028750A (en)
EP (1) EP0360843B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02503727A (en)
AT (1) ATE77001T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3803914A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989007830A1 (en)

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US5248861A (en) * 1989-08-11 1993-09-28 Tdk Corporation Acceleration sensor
DE9013474U1 (en) * 1990-09-25 1990-11-29 W. Günther GmbH, 90431 Nürnberg Acceleration sensor with at least one magnetic field dependent switching element
US5256839A (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-10-26 Shawn Gallagher Tilt switch responsive to acceleration or deceleration
US5675134A (en) * 1992-05-25 1997-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Traffic accident detecting sensor for a passenger protection system in a vehicle
JPH08507875A (en) * 1993-01-06 1996-08-20 イメッジ テクノロジー インターナショナル インク Method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional photograph without using a film
DE4306488A1 (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-08 Autoliv Dev Actuating system for air bags
US5614700A (en) * 1994-10-11 1997-03-25 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Integrating accelerometer capable of sensing off-axis inputs
DE29619060U1 (en) * 1996-11-02 1998-03-05 Stein, Wolfgang, 63776 Mömbris Device for increasing traffic safety in the flowing traffic of motor vehicles
US7526120B2 (en) * 2002-09-11 2009-04-28 Canesta, Inc. System and method for providing intelligent airbag deployment
DE102005024796A1 (en) * 2005-05-26 2006-11-30 Oculometrics Ag Method and apparatus for determining neurological impairment
US9989382B2 (en) * 2015-11-17 2018-06-05 Hamlin Electronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Detecting movement of a seatbelt sensor

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DE1590743A1 (en) * 1966-09-01 1970-05-21 Adolf Traunbauer Magnetic locking device with contact
US3459911A (en) * 1968-01-16 1969-08-05 Inertia Switch Inc Inertia switch with magnetic shunting
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02503727A (en) 1990-11-01
ATE77001T1 (en) 1992-06-15
WO1989007830A1 (en) 1989-08-24
EP0360843A1 (en) 1990-04-04
US5028750A (en) 1991-07-02
DE3803914C2 (en) 1990-11-22
DE3871794D1 (en) 1992-07-09
DE3803914A1 (en) 1989-08-17

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