EP0362479A1 - Radiateur avec échangeur de chaleur à plusieurs degrés - Google Patents

Radiateur avec échangeur de chaleur à plusieurs degrés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0362479A1
EP0362479A1 EP89111761A EP89111761A EP0362479A1 EP 0362479 A1 EP0362479 A1 EP 0362479A1 EP 89111761 A EP89111761 A EP 89111761A EP 89111761 A EP89111761 A EP 89111761A EP 0362479 A1 EP0362479 A1 EP 0362479A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heat
stage
strand
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89111761A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
György Dipl.-Ing. Forrai
György Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Dezsö
Gyözö Dipl.-Ing. Wiegand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Original Assignee
Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet filed Critical Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Publication of EP0362479A1 publication Critical patent/EP0362479A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0226—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with an intermediate heat-transfer medium, e.g. thermosiphon radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiator designed with a multi-stage heat exchanger, in which at least one stage is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, in which in the heating circuit at least the pressure of one heat-promoting medium is lower than the pressure of the other medium, which is in a closed or open space.
  • the heat transferring organs of the central heating systems i.e. the radiators, the task is to transfer a predetermined amount of heat from the heat-promoting medium of the primary liquid (mostly hot water, steam) into the room to be heated.
  • the primary liquid mostly hot water, steam
  • the radiators are designed to have a heat-exchanging heating surface, on one side of which the primary heat-transferring liquid (the heat-transferring medium) transfers the heat by convection, while on the other side the heat-exchanging surface transfers the heat to the surrounding air and to transmits the surfaces in the room by convection and / or radiation.
  • the well-known process of the heat exchanger can be regarded as one-stage for radiators.
  • the radiators that heat the room belong to the group of heat exchangers for which there is a problem of thermal stability that largely influences the optimal structural design of the heat exchanger.
  • Such radiators are made of cast iron, sheet steel members or plate radiators, in which in the one-stage heat exchangers the advantages that are desired from the direct supply in terms of heat technology do not come into play at all, since on the gas side the possible heat transfer compared to the side with the Liquid is too low.
  • the disadvantages associated with the structural design of the radiator with a single-stage heat exchanger are as follows: - The area exposed to the pressure of the heating medium and the corrosion is almost as large as the area on the air side. The thickness of the wall exposed to the heating medium must be increased accordingly because of the pressure difference. - When determining the wall thickness, a fairly large safety factor must be expected, since the radiators are arranged in living rooms and cannot be constantly checked by a specialist. In view of the fact that the pressure of the heating medium reaches between 4 and 10 bar, the temperature is about 110 ° C and the amount is 0.05 - 100 m3, it is obvious that the operation of such systems is associated with considerable risks . For these reasons, only metals are generally considered as materials.
  • radiators with cast iron elements ensure a correspondingly long service life and security, but on the other hand speaks against the use of such radiators that the amount of cast iron required for widespread central heating is not available.
  • sheet steel radiators with a lighter construction which are usually made of colored metal, the damage associated with the destruction of the radiators increases. Numerous examples of this are given in the domestic and foreign specialist literature.
  • no otherwise cheap solutions with the required effectiveness can be used, for example, the district heating systems with direct switching, in which the pressure in the district heating system also has an effect on the radiators themselves.
  • the strength and the wall thickness of the radiators have to be largely oversized.
  • the technical disadvantage of the single-stage heat exchanger is that the regulation of the volume flow at the Liquid side can only be realized with unsatisfactory effectiveness, since the so-called gain factor is not linear. If the radiator valve is now closed, the heat content hardly changes at first, but then there is a sudden change. This has an adverse effect on automatic control.
  • radiators with a single-stage heat exchanger still have the following disadvantages: -
  • the ribs can only be made from a good heat-conducting base material, from metal; -
  • the efficiency of the ribs also reduces the effectiveness of the heat transfer; -
  • the manufacturing technology of the ribs is complicated, the required contact can only be guaranteed with difficulty with a large number of ribs; - Damage often occurs during transport and assembly; - the radiators become dusty during use, cleaning is difficult; - the proportion of radiation that is important from the point of view of heat sensation is reduced by half to a third; -
  • the design of the radiators mentioned is by no means aesthetically pleasing.
  • the radiators are the most unfavorable to manipulate the furnishings of the rooms, which the tenant mostly - even in motivated cases - can never dismantle or replace if the heating surface is intended to be enlarged or reduced, the function, furniture, wallpapering or painting is changed .
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the above-mentioned disadvantages that thermally better flexibility of the radiator is achieved, furthermore a metal and energy saving solution is achieved to the extent that radiators are created that are more flexible in terms of their assembly and use are, ie Allow variations and can also be designed in an aesthetically pleasing form.
  • the idea of the invention is based on the knowledge that the abutting surfaces can be designed not only by the ribs of the heating surfaces and the associated disadvantages, but that there is the possibility of converting the system from a single-stage heat exchanger to a two-stage or multi-stage heat exchanger.
  • the invention relates to radiators with a multi-stage heat exchanger, in particular for heating the air space in rooms in which the heating surfaces of the container holding the liquid or the gaseous heating medium form a heat exchanger with the heating surfaces of the air space to be heated.
  • the essence of the radiator designed with the multistage heat exchanger is that the radiator is formed by an at least two-stage heat exchanger, the one strand of the heat exchanger forming the first stage forming part of the strand of the heating system which conveys the heating medium.
  • One strand of the last heat exchanger is formed by the air space of the rooms to be heated.
  • the previously not mentioned other line branches of the first and last heat exchangers either communicate via the common heat transfer liquid and in this way form a two-stage heat exchanger or one or more heat exchangers are arranged between the other line branches of the last heat exchanger.
  • the pressure space of the heat-transferring liquid present in the other branch of the last heat exchanger has a lower pressure value than the pressure space of the line of the heating medium of the heating system.
  • heat exchanger branch lines each of which can be designed as an open container under atmospheric pressure or each or a branch line is designed as a hermetically sealed container.
  • the inner layer that separates the strands of the heat exchangers from one another can be made from one or more materials, at least one of which is liquid-tight.
  • At least the one inner layer that separates the strands of the heat exchangers from one another is elastic and a liquid- and gas-tight film.
  • the joint between the containers that form the strands of the heat exchangers is designed to be short; if necessary, these are provided with an insert that improves the heat transfer.
  • One of the two containers forming the strands of the heat exchanger can be a closed container, while the other can be placed in an open container.
  • a heat pipe can be used as the heat-exchanging stage between the other strand of the first heat exchanger and the other strand of the last heat exchanger.
  • a flow regulating element can be arranged in any strand of the heat exchanger stages.
  • the communicating heat-exchanging strands of the heat exchanger stages are formed by containers which are arranged one above the other and open and which are connected to one another by capillary tubes.
  • the thermal adaptation is carried out in the first stage with a liquid-liquid heat exchanger in which, on the one hand, there is a heating medium with high pressure and volume, high temperature, possibly with a corrosive aggressive property, which represents a source of danger, while on the other hand a harmless, medium under approximately atmospheric pressure, namely a liquid of lower temperature, a certain (smaller) amount, possibly pretreated flows secondary (heat transfer).
  • the other second stage is formed by a liquid-air space heat exchanger, on the inside of which the heat-transfer medium heated in the first stage is present, and on the outside of which there is the air of the room and the bounding walls (the air space of the room).
  • the circuit of the heat transfer fluid combines the two stages.
  • the circuit of the heat transfer liquid in the simplest version can be designed as a closed or open container, which also function as a line system.
  • every possible embodiment of the circuit containing the heat-transferring liquid is called - for the purpose of easier identification - containers whose walls form the heat-transferring surface to the air space of the room.
  • the reflux of the condensate of the heat-transferring liquid takes place gravimetrically or with the aid of capillary tubes if the first stage is arranged at the top.
  • intermediate heat exchanger stages e.g. heat pipes
  • the radiator with the required heating surface can be formed from one or more containers and heat exchangers.
  • the thermal adaptation takes place in such a way that liquids with a heat transfer coefficient of approximately the same order of magnitude are present on both sides of the heating surface, as a result of which the amount of heat is already under the effect of a lower temperature difference over an area which is compared with the air space has an area 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller, can be transferred.
  • the corrosion-prone area exposed to operational efficiency will be 10 to 50 times smaller, i.e. it can be designed cheaper or with increased security.
  • the area of the first stage of the heat exchanger can be limited to the area of the line conveying the heating medium.
  • the aforementioned small heating surface can be immersed in the interior of the much larger, heat-transfer medium without pressure-containing container or, if necessary, can be pressed against the wall from the outside with the aid of a suitable contact (a contact-improving insert) (FIGS. 1 and 2). Both solutions make it possible for the second stage to be subsequently connected to the first stage without the need to dismantle the heating system on the part of the consumer. In this way, a high degree of flexibility in assembly and use can be achieved, since the large heating surface can be easily replaced by the consumer if necessary (painters, new furniture, changes in heat output, etc.).
  • part of the container forming the heating surface (F k ) can be designed such that one part hermetically closed, the other part open. In the latter solution, the loss of evaporation must be replaced periodically.
  • a gas cushion above the liquid due to the voluminous expansion
  • a device to absorb thermal expansion eg with pockets
  • the multi-stage heat exchanger can be pre-regulated by adjusting the height of the heat transfer medium.
  • the heat-storing capacity of the radiator (the radiator) can also be influenced by the volume of the heat-transfer medium.
  • the regulation of the heat transfer medium can even be achieved with a construction without a stuffing box and with a linear characteristic.
  • the most important advantage resulting from the multi-stage heat exchanger is that the pressure, temperature and amount of the heat transfer liquid in the container can be kept at a safe, risk-free level, i.e. that the second stage can be regarded as depressurized.
  • any metal, liquid-tight material, or that is watertight, can be used (e.g. glass, ceramic, plastic, wood, textiles, leather, etc.).
  • the most important advantage of the construction according to the invention is that a significant amount of metal can be saved; Assuming the same heat output, metal radiators can save 40-60% on metal, and 80-95% metal on other basic materials.
  • the multi-stage heat exchange brings with it only one minimal thermal disadvantage, which cannot be evaluated per se, which is given by the division of the temperature difference, but at the same time this disadvantageous effect is made by several advantages, namely with regard to lower costs, cheaper production possibilities , better and easier assembly and use compensated for many times.
  • the embodiment of the radiator according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a closed container 16, which forms a two-stage heat exchanger 6, which is made from 0.6 mm thick steel sheet and is coated on the outer surface with further radiator enamel paint.
  • the container 16 can be hermetically sealed and is filled with pretreated softened heat transfer liquid 4.
  • a one-stage heat exchanger 5 assembled from a steel pipe with a 1/2 "diameter is immersed in the space of the closed container 16.
  • a heating medium 2 flowing in the steel pipe contacts the heat-transferring liquid 4 via a heating surface B and heats it up in contact with the latter the heat-transferring liquid 4, which comes into a gravitational flow, furthermore, the heat-transferring liquid 4 heats up an air space 3 over the container wall in contact with it, and the expansion of the liquid 4 is absorbed by a gas cushion 12.
  • the two-stage heat exchanger 6 is similar to that according to FIG. 1, the first heat exchanger stage 5 being formed by the heating surface B and the heating surface 9 is formed as a result of the mutual contact. So that the thermally important contact between the heating surfaces 8 and 9 can be achieved, an insert 19 promoting the heat transfer is inserted between the two heating surfaces 8 and 9, which is advantageously connected to them via a pressing element 22, e.g. via a screw clamp-shaped device, by means of which the parts forming the heating surfaces and the insert 19 are braced against one another.
  • the heating medium 2 heats the heat-conducting liquid 4 via the heating surface 8, the heat transfer-improving insert 19 and the heating surface 9.
  • the heat-transmitting liquid 4 heats the air space 3 via heating surfaces 10 of the closed container 16. Another advantageous characteristic of this solution can be seen in the simple assembly and maintenance of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an open, two-stage heat exchanger 6 made of a ceramic base material, which heats the air space 3 via the heating surface 10. Since the single-stage heat exchanger 5 is arranged above the open container 17, it is advantageous to let the heat-transferring liquid 4 circulate with the help of the capillary tube 13 - as an intermediate heat exchanger 7.
  • the liquid present in the capillary tube 13 is caused to evaporate by the heating medium 2.
  • the vapor of the liquid condenses and the heat released thereby heats the heat-transferring liquid 4 present in the two-stage heat exchanger 6 via the wall.
  • the heat-transferring liquid 4 then conducts the absorbed heat by gravitational flow to the heating surface 10 of the open container 17, via which the Heat is passed to airspace 3.
  • the visible from Figure 4, forming a two-stage heat exchanger 7 metal pipe system can be with the help of Heat transfer-improving insert 19 and the pressing element 22 can be connected to a horizontal or vertical pipeline.
  • the heating means 2 heats the heat-transferring liquid 4 via the heating surface 8, the insert 19 which improves the heat transfer and the heating surface 9; the heat-transferring liquid 4 transfers the heat by gravity to the most distant point of the closed container 16, which is designed as a metal pipe system, advantageously as a coil.
  • This heat transferred by contact can be used for actuation, for example. an agent used to dry the hands.
  • Such a construction or one serving similar purposes can also be retrofitted at suitable points on the strand of the heating means 2.
  • the closed container 16 of the two-stage heat exchanger 6 is provided with two layers, namely an inner layer 20 made of heat-resistant film, which forms a container made of a soft base material which is filled with the heat-transferring liquid 4 and into which the line of the heating means 2 forming the single-stage heat exchanger 5 is immersed, and an outer layer 21, which envelops the inner layer 20 in the form of a decorative and corresponding mechanical protection jacket, which advantageously also consists of a soft layer (e.g. textiles, Leather, etc.) or a harder material (plastic, wood, etc.) can be formed.
  • a soft layer e.g. textiles, Leather, etc.
  • a harder material plastic, wood, etc.
  • the mode of operation corresponds to that of the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1.
  • the advantage of the embodiment is, in particular, that in this way aesthetically pleasing, simple and inexpensive radiators are created that can be easily replaced and repaired.
  • the film advantageously made of a synthetic material, can ensure a hermetic seal if necessary. If a hermetic seal is not necessary, an extremely effective solution is available, taking into account the good heat transfer - compared to traditional evaporators with a fixed wall.
  • the two-stage heat exchanger 6 can be composed of a traditional radiator - which has the function of a closed container 16 - and of a heat-exchanging element, which creates a flow path.
  • the control element 18 arranged on the upper part of the flow circuit ensures effective control, in this way the stuffing box is not exposed to any stress resulting from pressure.
  • a heater 14 in the desired size can be put together from several closed containers 16 and / or open containers 17. It is possible to vary the number of closed containers 16 or open containers 17 as required.
  • the strand of the heating medium can be configured with a series connection 15, but in deviation from this, a parallel connection or series parallel connection can also be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP89111761A 1988-09-27 1989-06-28 Radiateur avec échangeur de chaleur à plusieurs degrés Withdrawn EP0362479A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU501688 1988-09-27
HU501688 1988-09-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0362479A1 true EP0362479A1 (fr) 1990-04-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89111761A Withdrawn EP0362479A1 (fr) 1988-09-27 1989-06-28 Radiateur avec échangeur de chaleur à plusieurs degrés

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EP (1) EP0362479A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2707738A1 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1995-01-20 Silvani Jean Baptiste Installation d'un chauffage central à eau chaude avec 1 litre d'eau et une résistance de 1200 W.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2638746A1 (de) * 1975-08-28 1977-04-07 Tauno Kalervo Koponen Haus mit einem einrohr-leitungsnetz fuer ein zentralheizungs- oder kuehlsystem
GB2099980A (en) * 1981-05-06 1982-12-15 Scurrah Norman Hugh Heat transfer panels
EP0177660A1 (fr) * 1983-04-12 1986-04-16 Heinz Ekman Radiateur

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2638746A1 (de) * 1975-08-28 1977-04-07 Tauno Kalervo Koponen Haus mit einem einrohr-leitungsnetz fuer ein zentralheizungs- oder kuehlsystem
GB2099980A (en) * 1981-05-06 1982-12-15 Scurrah Norman Hugh Heat transfer panels
EP0177660A1 (fr) * 1983-04-12 1986-04-16 Heinz Ekman Radiateur

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2707738A1 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1995-01-20 Silvani Jean Baptiste Installation d'un chauffage central à eau chaude avec 1 litre d'eau et une résistance de 1200 W.

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