EP0363848A2 - Pistolet de distribution - Google Patents

Pistolet de distribution Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0363848A2
EP0363848A2 EP89118637A EP89118637A EP0363848A2 EP 0363848 A2 EP0363848 A2 EP 0363848A2 EP 89118637 A EP89118637 A EP 89118637A EP 89118637 A EP89118637 A EP 89118637A EP 0363848 A2 EP0363848 A2 EP 0363848A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate piece
gun
channel
dispensing gun
dispensing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89118637A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0363848B1 (fr
EP0363848A3 (fr
Inventor
Norbert Lauter
Wolfgang Kuhn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Graco Verfahrenstechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG
Boellhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG, Boellhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH filed Critical Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT89118637T priority Critical patent/ATE102082T1/de
Publication of EP0363848A2 publication Critical patent/EP0363848A2/fr
Publication of EP0363848A3 publication Critical patent/EP0363848A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0363848B1 publication Critical patent/EP0363848B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2489—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86268—With running joint between movable parts of system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dispensing gun, in particular a spray gun, to which at least two media are supplied via separate lines which are connected to gun channels in the dispensing gun.
  • Such dispensing guns are used in many areas, for example as a fuel nozzle at petrol stations, with which several types of fuel can be filled into the tank of a motor vehicle at the same time, or as a single or multi-component spray gun, with which one or more materials and / or air are simultaneously applied to the Surface of a product can be applied.
  • Such a multi-component spray gun is used by the applicant.
  • air is supplied through a line connected to the underside of the pistol grip, while material, such as paint, wax, plastic or the like, via a hose line attached to a connection in the front area of the pistol near the nozzle is fed.
  • material such as paint, wax, plastic or the like
  • the hose line Since the hose line has a considerable weight, especially when it is filled with material, it exercises the gun produces a torque that tries to pull the nozzle area down. The handling of the pistol is therefore tiring for the user because he has to pull the tip up again and again.
  • the material line also prevents the spray gun from pivoting sideways. When pivoting, there is a risk that the air line and the material line twist and squeeze each other. Rigid hoses also make handling a nozzle difficult.
  • a dispensing gun of the type mentioned in that the lines are connected to an intermediate piece which has intermediate channels and is rotatably mounted in a bore in the dispensing gun, the intermediate piece independently connecting the connection of each line to the gun channel assigned to it the relative rotational position of the intermediate piece and dispensing gun to each other.
  • both hose lines attack the dispensing gun practically at the same location. No torque is exerted on the gun by the lines.
  • the balance of the pistol can be better balanced. For example, the user can concentrate completely on directing the spray jet into the correct place and no longer has to constantly pay attention to whether the spray jet is distorted by the torque.
  • the hose lines for the multiple media can no longer twist. Even if the dispensing gun is swiveled or rotated, the hose lines remain in their original position original arrangement to each other. This also makes it easier to swivel the dispensing gun to the side.
  • the dispensing gun which would otherwise have been hindered by the rigid lines, can now be freely rotated or pivoted.
  • the lines can be run parallel to the dispensing gun up to just before the connection and attached to one another. When the lines are detached from the intermediate piece, a compact bundle of lines is then kept, in which no individual lines protrude and hinder handling. Such a bundle of lines is easier to handle before and after connection.
  • the different media can e.g. Varnish and air, resin and air, two or more components of an adhesive or other combinations of substances with each other or with air or another gas.
  • the two media can be, for example, two types of fuel, such as super and normal, or fuel and oil for producing a two-stroke mixture.
  • the materials can be fed for common or alternating output.
  • the adapter can be rotated more than 360 °. So that the pistol can be turned or rotated in any conceivable way. Handle the angular position to the hose bundle. The user is given great freedom when working with the gun.
  • At least one intermediate channel opens into an annular space which is formed by a circumferential groove in the intermediate piece and / or in the bore wall and which is connected to the associated gun channel.
  • the intermediate piece is essentially cylindrical.
  • a cylinder is easy to manufacture and machine. The installation and removal of this intermediate piece can be easily accomplished.
  • the individual annular spaces can be sealed well against each other, since the circumference has the same distance between the intermediate piece and the bore at every point.
  • At least one intermediate channel opens into the pistol-side end of the intermediate piece. This intermediate channel is easy to manufacture, since essentially a straight bore through the intermediate piece is sufficient.
  • At least one gun channel opens into the bottom of the bore. This means that the intermediate channel and the gun channel face each other in the direction of flow.
  • An intermediate space is advantageously formed between the bottom of the bore and the end face of the intermediate piece. This space can serve as a buffer. It ensures an even pressure spread of the fluid.
  • the intermediate channel opening into the end face and the associated gun channel open into the intermediate space essentially concentrically to the axis of rotation of the intermediate piece. This results in a very low flow resistance for the fluid, since it practically does not have to overcome sharp edges and other throttling points.
  • the intermediate piece is rotatably arranged in a socket which is rotatably mounted in the dispensing gun, the socket forming at least one annular space in the intermediate piece, in which an intermediate channel opens and which is connected to a connection in the outer wall of the socket.
  • This structure facilitates the pre-assembly of the adapter for final assembly in the gun.
  • the intermediate piece can be rotatably supported in the socket, since the bearings can be permanently installed there.
  • the socket can be inserted into the gun. Since the bush no longer has to turn in the gun, it can also be attached relatively well there.
  • the socket is easier to clean when it is removed from the gun.
  • the intermediate piece advantageously has an enlarged cross-section at the front end to which the lines are connected. This means that there is sufficient space to connect the cables to the adapter.
  • the intermediate piece is particularly preferably arranged in the pistol grip on its underside.
  • the lines then practically form an extension of the pistol grip. This allows the dispensing gun to be well balanced. There is no danger that the spray jet will be pulled down by the weight of the lines. In addition, the lines do not interfere with the handling of the dispensing gun.
  • the intermediate piece or the socket is held in the dispensing gun by a releasable holding device. This facilitates the removal and installation of the intermediate piece or the socket.
  • the holding device is particularly preferably formed by cylindrical pins arranged in the dispensing gun, which engage behind a circumferential projection formed in the region of the end face of the cylindrical surface of the intermediate piece or the bush. After loosening the pins, the socket or the intermediate piece can be pulled out. If the pins reach behind the circumferential projection, it is ensured that at least two points of the projection are always supported in such a way that the intermediate piece or the bushing cannot slip out of the pistol.
  • the cylinder pins should be arranged symmetrically to the axis of the intermediate piece or the socket.
  • the intermediate piece or the socket can advantageously be snapped into the holding device. This simplifies the removal and installation of the intermediate piece and facilitates the connection of the lines, which are easier to connect to a removed intermediate piece.
  • the gun channel opening into the bottom of the bore penetrates the gun handle.
  • This gun channel is mainly used when an unheated fluid is to be transported.
  • a second channel that does not pass through the pistol grip can then be used for hot fluids. This has the particular advantage that the pistol grip does not heat up, so that the user does not have to fear burns.
  • the dispensing gun has a grip guard which extends from the region of the lower end of the pistol grip to the region of the dispensing region and in which at least one pistol channel is arranged.
  • the gun channel thus simultaneously protects the hand of the user from contact with the sprayed or object to be filled, or if the handle protection is a little wider, against splashing back materials.
  • the dispensing area is designed as a spray nozzle.
  • the gun channel arranged in the handle guard is advantageously connected to the socket outside the gun handle.
  • This embodiment has a simple structure that is easy to clean.
  • the intermediate channel which opens into the end face of the intermediate piece is provided for the air feed.
  • the intermediate channel opening into the front is part of the line system with the lowest flow resistance.
  • a conventional air valve control can then be used for this gun channel.
  • the intermediate piece assumes a neutral position, in which the intermediate channel opens into the annular space in an area which is diametrically opposite the opening area of the gun channel. This ensures that the entire annular space is flushed with the cleaning fluid during the rinsing, without there being a risk that some areas of the annular space will not be sufficiently cleaned.
  • a spray gun is described as an example of a dispensing gun. If the parts (nozzles) necessary for spraying the component are replaced by a simple mixing and dispensing opening, the spray gun shown can also be used as a nozzle.
  • Fig. 1 shows the spray gun 1, which has a handle 2, which merges into a housing 3 at its upper end. At the top of the housing 3 there is a nozzle area 13.
  • the handle is penetrated by a gun channel 10 which opens into a bore 45 at the lower end of the handle.
  • this gun channel 10 is interrupted by an air valve 4, the valve plate 6 of which is pressed onto a valve seat 7 by the force of a spring 5.
  • a lever 9 presses a plunger 8 connected to the valve plate 6 against the force of the spring 5 so that the air valve is opened and air can flow out of the gun channel 10 in the direction of the nozzle area 13.
  • the handle guard is fastened to the housing 3 or the handle 2 with two screw connections 14, 15.
  • the grip protection forms a channel from the lower end of the pistol grip 2 to the nozzle area 13.
  • An intermediate piece 16 which is rotatably mounted relative to the pistol grip, is inserted into the bore arranged at the lower end of the handle 2.
  • the intermediate piece 16 has at its upper end, i.e. on the end facing the gun, a circumferential projection 34, behind which engage two cylinder pins 27 when the intermediate piece is installed. As a result, the intermediate piece 16 is secured against falling out.
  • the intermediate piece 16 has an intermediate channel 17 which opens into an annular space 20.
  • the annular space 20 is formed by a circumferential groove in the intermediate piece 16 and by the wall of the bore 45. It is also conceivable that the annular space is formed by a smooth outer surface of the intermediate piece 16 and a circumferential groove in the bore 45.
  • the section 11a of the second gun channel 11 leading to the hollow grip guard is connected to this annular space.
  • a second intermediate channel 18 extends from one end face of the intermediate piece 16 to the other end face, which lies opposite the bottom of the bore 45.
  • the intermediate channel 18 opens approximately in the middle of this Face.
  • a distance is left between the end face of the intermediate piece 16 and the bottom of the bore 45, so that an intermediate space 22 is formed there.
  • This space 22 can be used as a buffer. It also ensures that the flow resistance between the intermediate channel 18 and the associated gun channel 10 does not become too great, even if both channels do not open exactly concentrically to the axis of rotation of the intermediate piece 16.
  • the intermediate piece 16 is enlarged in cross section, so that there can be space for two line connections 28, 29, on which two lines 31, 32 are fastened to the intermediate piece.
  • the intermediate space 22 is sealed off from the annular space 20 by a seal 23, which is formed by an O-ring.
  • a seal 23 which is formed by an O-ring.
  • the annular space 20 is sealed off from the surroundings by an O-ring 24.
  • the line 31 is provided for the supply of compressed air.
  • the air runs through the line 31, the line connection 28, the intermediate channel 18, the intermediate space 22 into the gun channel 10, where it can be controlled by means of the air valve 4.
  • the line 32 is for the supply of material such as paint, varnish, wax or the like. intended.
  • the material comes from the line 32 through the line connection 29 into the intermediate channel 17 and flows from there through the annular space 20, the gun channel section 11a and the hollow grip guard 12 into the gun channel 11 and from there into the nozzle area 13, where it can be atomized. Since the material does not run through the handle, it can also be at an elevated temperature without the user having to worry about heat.
  • the intermediate piece can be removed from the spray gun by pulling out the cylinder pins 27.
  • the holder between the spray gun and the intermediate piece is released, and the intermediate piece can be pulled out of the bore 45 in the axial direction.
  • Installation is carried out in the reverse manner, in that the intermediate piece 16 is inserted into the bore 45, whereupon the cylinder pins 27 engage behind the circumferential projection 34. Cleaning is also possible when the intermediate piece 16 is installed.
  • a spray liquid is passed through the port 29.
  • the intermediate piece has a preferred neutral position, in which the intermediate channel 17 opens into the area of the annular space 20, which is diametrically opposite the opening area of the gun channel section 11a, it is ensured that the flushing liquid always flushes through the entire annular space, i.e. flows past the adapter on both sides.
  • the air duct generally does not require cleaning, but it is also possible to flush it in the same way.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the spray gun with a different intermediate piece. Parts which correspond to those of FIG. 1 are provided with reference numerals increased by 100.
  • the intermediate piece 116 here does not have an intermediate channel which opens at its end face.
  • two intermediate channels 117, 118 are provided, which open into annular spaces 120, 121.
  • the annular spaces in turn open into gun channels 110, 111, which are fastened with screw connections 114, 115 in the handle 102 of the gun.
  • the gun lines 110, 111 are sealed with conventional seals 135, 136 in the gun handle 102.
  • the annular spaces 120, 121 are formed in the illustrated embodiment in that circumferential grooves are incorporated both in the intermediate piece 116 and in the wall of the bore 145.
  • the two intermediate channels 117, 118 open on opposite sides of the intermediate piece 116.
  • the two intermediate channels 117, 118 it is also possible for the two intermediate channels 117, 118 to open one above the other, i.e. on the same side of the intermediate piece 116.
  • the two annular spaces 120, 121 are sealed off from one another and from the environment by seals 123, 124 and 125, 126, respectively. These seals can be implemented using O-rings.
  • the gun lines 110, 111 emerging laterally at the lower end section of the gun handle can, as shown in FIG. 1, also be guided through a handle guard to a nozzle area (not shown).
  • This embodiment is advantageously used when two heated materials have to be sprayed, e.g. a two-component adhesive that must be processed under elevated temperature.
  • the top view of the underside of the intermediate piece 116 shown in FIG. 3 shows that the lower region of the intermediate piece 116 has been enlarged in cross section in order to create sufficient space for two line connections 128, 129. Lines can be screwed or slid onto these line connections 128, 129, in the latter case they are expediently secured by a clamp.
  • the removal and installation of the intermediate piece 116 is carried out by removing or reinserting the cylindrical pins 127 behind the circumferential projection 134 of the intermediate piece 116.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment in which three components are fed to the spray gun. Parts that correspond to those of FIG. 1 are increased by 200 provided th reference numerals.
  • all intermediate channels 217, 218, 219 are placed in the plane of the drawing in order to clarify the structure of the intermediate piece.
  • a channel 219 which is provided for the supply of air, opens concentrically to the axis of rotation of the intermediate piece 216 into the intermediate space 222.
  • the gun channel 210 assigned to it also opens concentrically into the intermediate space 222. The air can practically directly from the intermediate channel 219 into the gun channel 210 flow without being braked or throttled by sharp edges or other narrow points.
  • Two further channels 217, 218 are provided, each opening into an annular space 221, 220, which is formed in each case by two circumferential grooves which are machined into the outer wall of the cylindrical intermediate piece 216 and the inner wall of the bore 245.
  • the two gun channels 211 and 211a are fastened with screw connections 214, 215 in the handle 202 of the gun, wherein they are sealed with conventional seals 235, 236.
  • the two annular spaces 220, 221 and the intermediate space 222 are sealed off from one another and from the environment by seals 223, 224, 225, 226. This means that the components cannot be mixed.
  • the intermediate piece 216 is enlarged at its lower end, ie at the end at which it protrudes from the pistol grip 202, and, as shown in FIG. 5, has an approximately triangular cross section with rounded corners.
  • a line connection 228, 229, 230 is arranged in each corner, to which the corresponding lines for supplying the individual components can be connected.
  • a fluid supplied through the line connection 228 flows through the intermediate channel 218 into the annular space 220 and from there into the gun channel 211a.
  • Another component flows through the line connection 229, the intermediate channel 217 and the annular space 221 into the gun channel 211.
  • a third component, preferably air, is pressed through the line connection 230 into the intermediate channel 219 and flows from there via the intermediate space 222 into the gun channel 210.
  • FIG. 6 shows the side view of a further embodiment of a spray gun 301, in which, as in FIG. 7, the components which correspond to those of FIG. 1 are provided with reference numerals increased by 300.
  • the intermediate piece is no longer mounted directly in the pistol grip 302, but a bush 237 with the interposition.
  • the intermediate piece 216 can rotate freely in the bush 237, while the bush 237 is arranged in the pistol grip 302 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the gun channel running through the handle guard 212 is no longer directly attached to the handle 302, but opens into the socket 337 via a connection 346a.
  • Fig. 7 shows the detailed structure of this embodiment.
  • the intermediate piece 316 is rotatably mounted in the socket 337, which is arranged in the pistol grip 302 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the bushing 337 like the intermediate piece in FIGS. 1 to 5, is held by cylindrical pins 327 which engage behind a projection 334 in the outer wall of the bushing 337.
  • two line connections 328, 329 are arranged, to each of which a line 331, 332 is fastened.
  • the line connections 328, 329 are screwed into the intermediate piece.
  • the lines 331, 332 are then plugged onto the connections 328, 329 and secured against slipping off with the aid of two clamps 346, 347.
  • the line 331 is connected via an intermediate channel 318 to an intermediate space 322 formed between the end face of the intermediate piece 316 and the bottom of a bushing bore 348. From this intermediate space 322, the fluid supplied through the intermediate channel 318 can flow further through a plurality of channels 338, 339 into the gun channel 310.
  • a material supplied through the line 332 can flow through the intermediate channel 317 into the annular space 320, from where it can flow further into the gun channel 311, which e.g. in the grip guard.
  • the gun channel 311 is simply formed by a hose that extends from the socket 337 to the nozzle area 313 or to the front end of the gun 301, that is to say cannot perform any mechanical protective function.
  • the socket 337 has a bore on the side facing the inside of the gun, through which a threaded extension 341 of the intermediate piece 316 extends.
  • the intermediate piece also has a projection 340 which has a larger diameter than the bore in the socket 337 intended for receiving the threaded extension 341.
  • the intermediate piece 316 is held in the socket 337 by means of a nut 342 .
  • An axial bearing 343, 344 is arranged between the nut and the bush, on which the nut exerts pressure via a disk 343. This ensures that the intermediate piece 316 can rotate smoothly in the socket 337.
  • the socket 337 is removed by loosening the cylindrical pins 327 and pulling axially out of the pistol grip 302, on the underside of which it is arranged. Without the gun disturbing, the lines 331, 332 can now be connected to the line connections 328, 329 with the aid of the Clamps 346, 347 are attached. After the leads are secured, the socket can be reinserted into the pistol grip 302. In a meadow, not shown, cams can also be provided which prescribe a predetermined rotational orientation for the bushing with respect to the pistol grip 302.
  • the user can handle his spray gun without having to constantly work against a torque directed downward from the spray jet.
  • he can pivot the gun 2 to the left and right without having to overcome the restoring force of the twisted lines.
  • a twisting of the lines can also no longer occur, which could otherwise lead to squeezing of the lines and thus to an undetermined pressure in the nozzle area of the spray gun.
  • the gun shown can also be used as a fuel nozzle at a petrol station for mixing several types of fuel or in the dispensing technology for mixing several types of drinks. If wine and water are added to the nozzle as components, the nozzle dispenses a spritzer.
  • the dispensing gun can also be used to mix and dispense components that are not to be sprayed, for example to apply a two-component adhesive that is to be applied linearly to a surface.

Landscapes

  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
EP89118637A 1988-10-14 1989-10-06 Pistolet de distribution Expired - Lifetime EP0363848B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89118637T ATE102082T1 (de) 1988-10-14 1989-10-06 Ausgabepistole.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883834983 DE3834983A1 (de) 1988-10-14 1988-10-14 Spritzpistole
DE3834983 1988-10-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0363848A2 true EP0363848A2 (fr) 1990-04-18
EP0363848A3 EP0363848A3 (fr) 1991-01-16
EP0363848B1 EP0363848B1 (fr) 1994-03-02

Family

ID=6365095

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89118637A Expired - Lifetime EP0363848B1 (fr) 1988-10-14 1989-10-06 Pistolet de distribution

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5056719A (fr)
EP (1) EP0363848B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE102082T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3834983A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2050753T3 (fr)

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USD341872S (en) 1992-07-14 1993-11-30 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Paint spray gun
US5395054A (en) * 1994-03-21 1995-03-07 Ransburg Corporation Fluid and air hose system for hand held paint spray gun
GB2306595B (en) * 1995-11-01 1999-09-29 Framo Eng As High pressure fluid connector
GB2306672B (en) * 1995-11-01 2000-03-22 Framo Eng As Monitoring system for high pressure fluid flow connector
US5833147A (en) * 1997-01-13 1998-11-10 Abb Flexible Automation Inc. Rotary union for robotic end effector
DE19743094A1 (de) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-01 Wap Reinigungssysteme Abschaltpistole für ein Hochdruckreinigungsgerät mit Antiverdreheinrichtung für den Hochdruckschlauch
WO2007068024A1 (fr) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-21 Carl Reiner Gmbh Element de liaison a raccorder a un tuyau
US20250001443A1 (en) * 2021-07-07 2025-01-02 Carlisle Construction Materials, LLC Applicator
DE102023114398A1 (de) * 2023-06-01 2024-12-05 Wiwa Wilhelm Wagner Gmbh & Co Kg Anschlusseinrichtung für eine Spritzpistole, Spritzpistole und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Spritzpistole

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58907084D1 (de) 1994-04-07
DE3834983A1 (de) 1990-04-19
ATE102082T1 (de) 1994-03-15
EP0363848B1 (fr) 1994-03-02
ES2050753T3 (es) 1994-06-01
DE3834983C2 (fr) 1991-04-18
EP0363848A3 (fr) 1991-01-16
US5056719A (en) 1991-10-15

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