EP0363878A2 - Dispositif de purification catalytique de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif de purification catalytique de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363878A2
EP0363878A2 EP89118739A EP89118739A EP0363878A2 EP 0363878 A2 EP0363878 A2 EP 0363878A2 EP 89118739 A EP89118739 A EP 89118739A EP 89118739 A EP89118739 A EP 89118739A EP 0363878 A2 EP0363878 A2 EP 0363878A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
exhaust gas
annular cavity
carrier shell
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89118739A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0363878B1 (fr
EP0363878A3 (fr
Inventor
Enrique Santiago
Anton Rupp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arvin Industries Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0363878A2 publication Critical patent/EP0363878A2/fr
Publication of EP0363878A3 publication Critical patent/EP0363878A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0363878B1 publication Critical patent/EP0363878B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2857—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/04—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means compensating thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/06—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means preventing gas flow by-pass or leakage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines with a metallic support shell with exhaust gas supply and exhaust discharge connections arranged on the end face, one or more catalytically active monolithic ceramic bodies being resiliently mounted in the support shell, and with an insulation shell which covers the support shell over its entire length Surrounds length, which only has fixed connections with the carrier shell adjacent to the exhaust gas inlet connector and the exhaust gas outlet connector, which otherwise forms an annular cavity between itself and the carrier shell and is provided with ventilation openings.
  • Such a device is known from DE-OS 29 13 733.
  • the ventilation openings are formed in that the two half-shells of the insulation shell do not abut one another at their longitudinal edges, but rather define two longitudinally extending columns through which air for cooling the ceramic body and its storage can enter the annular cavity.
  • the known device has the disadvantage that the exhaust gas entering the device through the exhaust gas supply connection on the carrier shell, which is cooled by the air flow entering the annular cavity, is cooled. Such cooling of the exhaust gas is undesirable, however, because it increases the light-off time of the device; The reactions required for cleaning the exhaust gas presuppose a minimum temperature of the exhaust gas, which is why cooling of the exhaust gas before entering the ceramic body should be avoided as far as possible.
  • Expandable mats which are increasingly used in the production of exhaust gas catalysts for storing the monolithic ceramic bodies, have the particular advantage that when they are heated for the first time they expand by a greater amount than their shrinkage during subsequent cooling, ie the expanded mats have after their first use Heating and re-cooling a greater extent than before; thus can the production of catalytic converters can be carried out comfortably by inserting the ceramic body, which is wrapped with an expansion mat, into the open housing, whereupon it is closed and heated; as a result of the heating, the inflatable mat expands and clamps the ceramic body firmly in the surrounding housing.
  • Inflatable mats require a constant temperature gradient from inside (ceramic body) to outside (housing) or a corresponding heat flow from inside to outside for their safe functioning. For this reason, cooling of the housing in the area of the inflatable mat is required.
  • a device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in which the monoliths are mounted in the carrier shell by means of expansion mats, is known from DE-OS 34 32 283.
  • the carrier shell is cooled in the areas serving to support the monoliths, as a result of which the required heat flow is established from the inside to the outside;
  • the inside surfaces of the housing must be closed insulating areas, thermally insulating mats applied, which are covered by high-temperature-resistant shielding plates.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic catalyst, which is characterized by a high response speed.
  • the structure of the catalyst should be simple with reliable storage of the monoliths, and manufacturing outlay and manufacturing costs should be correspondingly low.
  • each ceramic body by means of a surrounding Inflatable mat is mounted within the carrier shell, that the ventilation openings of the insulation shell are arranged in the sections associated with the mounting of the ceramic body in the carrier shell, and that the annular cavity outside the ventilated sections is designed as chambers that are not flowed through and separated from these sections.
  • the support shell is cooled to a degree dependent on the design of the ventilation openings via the ventilation openings in the area of the storage of the ceramic bodies, that is to say the temperature of the support shell required for the optimal functioning of the expansion mat used can be set by appropriate design of the ventilation openings.
  • the ring-shaped cavity in the areas outside the storage of the ceramic bodies by virtue of its design as non-flow-through chambers, serves for insulation against heat losses, as a result of which the catalytic converter's light-off temperature is reached quickly.
  • the chambers through which the flow does not flow can be separated from the ventilated regions of the annular cavity in various ways; for example, sealing rings can be inserted between the carrier shell and the insulation shell; furthermore, it is possible to provide beads which protrude from one another in the insulation shell and / or in the carrier shell to separate the various functional areas - cooling on the one hand and insulation on the other hand.
  • the production of the exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention is extremely simple and can be carried out quickly and inexpensively, because the number of components is extremely low and high manufacturing tolerances can also be permitted.
  • the entire housing thus consists of only four components which are to be connected to one another. This leads to a considerable reduction in production costs compared to known embodiments of catalytic converters which have partial thermal insulation.
  • the insulation shell can at least partially function as a heat shield, which in the case of known catalysts generally between the catalyst and the vehicle floor and below the catalyst must take over. This also results in further structural simplifications of the overall arrangement.
  • the insulation shell has on both sides of the areas provided with the ventilation openings inwardly directed beads of a height which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the annular cavity.
  • the beads thus divide the annular cavity into several chambers, one of which is used for thermal insulation and the other of which is flowed through by cooling air entering and exiting through the ventilation openings.
  • the beads thus divide the annular cavity into different functional areas.
  • the beads can compensate for different thermal expansion of the carrier shell and the insulation shell, because they allow a certain axial movement of the regions of the insulation shell lying on both sides of the beads relative to one another. This function is particularly noteworthy for the manufacture of the carrier shell and the insulation shell different material is used.
  • Stainless steel for the carrier shell and aluminized sheet metal for the insulation shell can be used as the preferred material pairing.
  • sealing cords are clamped between the beads and the carrier shell, as a result of which the different functional areas of the annular cavity are optimally delimited from one another.
  • the beads have a suitably shaped cross section that receives the sealing cord. In particular, this also prevents the two metallic shells from rubbing against one another, for example in the event of vibrations or different thermal expansion.
  • the corresponding chambers separated from the flow through the annular cavity and separated by seals or beads or a seal or a bead on the one hand and the connection between the carrier shell and the insulation shell can be filled with a heat-insulating material.
  • individual or all of the chambers can be filled with a heat-insulating material which lie outside the areas that support the ceramic bodies.
  • a heat-insulating material which lie outside the areas that support the ceramic bodies.
  • different heat-insulating materials can also be used in the different chambers.
  • the ventilation openings are gill-shaped, that is to say they are shaped in such a way that they pass by the ventilation openings serving the cooling air inlet "Capture" the airstream flow and / or cause the cooling air contained in the annular cavity, which is caused by the airflow flowing past, to be extracted through the ventilation openings that serve to discharge the cooling air.
  • the supply of the cooling air to the carrier shell in the area of the storage of the ceramic body can be favored.
  • Appropriate design of the gill-shaped ventilation openings also makes it possible to even out the cooling over the entire circumference of the carrier shell, as a result of which stresses caused by temperature gradients are reduced.
  • the gill-shaped ventilation openings can additionally be designed in such a way that they impart a swirl to the cooling air entering the annular cavity; the tangential movement of the cooling air in the annular cavity which is thereby achieved also compares the temperature of the carrier shell along its circumference.
  • the heat transfer from the carrier shell to the cooling air can be improved by swirling the entire cooling air accordingly.
  • the ceramic bodies (1) with axial flow are supported in the carrier shell (3) via inflatable mats (2).
  • the carrier shell is longitudinally divided and has an upper half shell (3a) and a lower half shell (3b).
  • the exhaust gas catalytic converter is flowed through in the direction of arrow (4) from the exhaust gas supply nozzle (5) to the exhaust gas discharge nozzle (6).
  • the carrier shell (3) has transition cones (7) adjacent to the exhaust gas supply connection piece (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection piece (6).
  • Deflection rings (8) are arranged in the direction of flow (4) in front of the ceramic bodies (1) in the carrier shell (3).
  • the carrier shell (3) is surrounded by an insulation shell (9), which has a fixed connection (10) with that only in the area of the exhaust gas supply connection piece (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection piece (6).
  • the insulation shell (9) and the carrier shell (3) are arranged at an essentially uniform distance from one another, so that an annular cavity (11) is formed between them.
  • the insulation shell is provided with ventilation openings (12).
  • the ventilation openings in the region of the - in the flow direction (4) - first ceramic body (1a) are designed like a gill, so that the wind flow (13) is forced onto the carrier shell (3) and cools it.
  • the insulation shell (9) has inwardly directed, approximately semicircular beads (16) with a height which essentially corresponds to the distance between the insulation shell and the carrier shell.
  • the annular cavity (11) in a total of five chambers divided.
  • the chambers used for heat insulation in the area of the transition cones (7) and the central part (17) of the carrier shell (3) are filled with a heat-insulating material (18). In this way, the heat losses in front of and between the ceramic bodies (1) are reduced, so that the light-off temperature of the catalyst is reached quickly.
  • the first bead - in the direction of the flow through the catalyst - has in its center an annular, radially outwardly directed recess (19) into which a sealing cord (20) is inserted.
  • the sealing cord is clamped between the bead (16) and the carrier shell (3) and thus effectively separates the different functional areas of the annular cavity (11) from one another.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
EP89118739A 1988-10-10 1989-10-09 Dispositif de purification catalytique de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP0363878B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3834403 1988-10-10
DE3834403A DE3834403A1 (de) 1988-10-10 1988-10-10 Vorrichtung zur katalytischen reinigung von abgasen aus verbrennungsmotoren

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0363878A2 true EP0363878A2 (fr) 1990-04-18
EP0363878A3 EP0363878A3 (fr) 1991-07-03
EP0363878B1 EP0363878B1 (fr) 1992-12-30

Family

ID=6364751

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89118739A Expired - Lifetime EP0363878B1 (fr) 1988-10-10 1989-10-09 Dispositif de purification catalytique de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0363878B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3834403A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693616A1 (fr) * 1994-07-22 1996-01-24 Friedrich Boysen GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif pour la purification ou la décomposition de gaz d'échappement chauds
CN116892438A (zh) * 2022-04-05 2023-10-17 丰田自动车株式会社 催化剂装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4314204C1 (de) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-03 Daimler Benz Ag Abgasanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Fahrzeuges
DE102005017725A1 (de) * 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Wabenkörper mit Doppelmantelrohr
DE102019126062A1 (de) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Katalysatorgehäuse und Katalysatoranordnung

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2220921C2 (de) * 1972-04-28 1974-05-30 Zeuna-Staerker Kg, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur katalytischen reinigung der auspuffgase von brennkraftmaschinen
DE2301646A1 (de) * 1973-01-13 1974-08-01 Pforzheim Metallschlauch Katalysatortopf fuer abgasleitungen
JPS5232019B2 (fr) * 1973-01-13 1977-08-18
US3978567A (en) * 1973-03-19 1976-09-07 Chrysler Corporation Method of making a catalytic reactor for automobile
JPS51119407U (fr) * 1975-03-25 1976-09-28
DE2515732A1 (de) * 1975-04-10 1976-11-11 Zeuna Staerker Kg Vorrichtung zum reinigen der abgase von brennkraftmaschinen
US4206179A (en) * 1978-04-08 1980-06-03 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
DE3432283A1 (de) * 1984-09-01 1986-03-13 LEISTRITZ Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Katalytische abgasentgiftungseinrichtung
DE3524775C1 (de) * 1985-07-11 1986-09-04 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart In einem metallenen Gehaeuse angeordneter monolithischer Abgaskatalysator
DE3700070A1 (de) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-14 Eberspaecher J Vorrichtung fuer die katalytische reinigung von fahrzeugmotor-abgasen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693616A1 (fr) * 1994-07-22 1996-01-24 Friedrich Boysen GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif pour la purification ou la décomposition de gaz d'échappement chauds
CN116892438A (zh) * 2022-04-05 2023-10-17 丰田自动车株式会社 催化剂装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0363878B1 (fr) 1992-12-30
DE3834403A1 (de) 1990-04-12
EP0363878A3 (fr) 1991-07-03
DE58903161D1 (de) 1993-02-11

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