EP0370504A2 - Installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Installation de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0370504A2
EP0370504A2 EP89121660A EP89121660A EP0370504A2 EP 0370504 A2 EP0370504 A2 EP 0370504A2 EP 89121660 A EP89121660 A EP 89121660A EP 89121660 A EP89121660 A EP 89121660A EP 0370504 A2 EP0370504 A2 EP 0370504A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating system
tube
combustion chamber
downstream
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89121660A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0370504A3 (fr
Inventor
Rudi Pedersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0370504A2 publication Critical patent/EP0370504A2/fr
Publication of EP0370504A3 publication Critical patent/EP0370504A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/107—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating system for burning fuel, such as coal dust, coal, gas or oil.
  • the invention relates to a heating system in which the so-called pulsation method is used.
  • This technique has been known for a long time. Among other things, it goes back to the so-called Schmidt pipe and has the advantage of total (stoichiometric) combustion with a high energy yield.
  • pulsation combustion in an elongated Schmidt tube is suitable for the combustion of coal dust (F.H. Reynst, "Pulsating Combustion", Pergamon Press, New York, 1961).
  • a problem with heating systems with pulsating combustion is the strong noise.
  • it is also known in the prior art to carry out the pulsating combustion in a so-called quarter-wave tube see e.g. "Combustion Technology: Some modern developments", ed. H.B. Palmer and J.M. Beer, Academic Press, 1974, p. 138.
  • a pressure pulse emanating from the combustion chamber reflects at a closed end of the tube in such a way that the reflected wave overlaps with the incoming wave and thereby a sound -Weakening causes.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a pulsation heating system of the type described in such a way that the noise and pollutant emissions are greatly reduced with high combustion efficiency.
  • the heating system according to the invention should be compact and easy to control and easily adaptable to different operating parameters.
  • this object is achieved by a pipe between the ends of which a pressure gradient is generated and in which a combustion chamber is arranged such that its distance from the upstream pipe end is at least approximately equal to half its distance from the downstream pipe end, which opens into a hollow pot whose diameter is larger than that of the pipe.
  • the combustion chamber is arranged in the tube in such a way that a so-called quarter-wavelength system is created.
  • the position of the combustion chamber in the tube is adjustable.
  • the hollow pot according to the invention downstream of the pulsation tube, into which the downstream tube end opens serves as a so-called "decoupler", i.e. the hollow pot has a sound-absorbing effect.
  • the hollow pot has a diameter which corresponds approximately to two to three times the diameter of the pulsation tube, while the length of the hollow pot corresponds to approximately one third to one fifth, preferably one quarter, of the total length of the pulsation tube.
  • a first heat exchanger is connected downstream of the hollow pot, which serves to dampen noise, in the flow path of the combustion gases. From this first heat exchanger, the combustion gases enter at least one cyclone known as such in order to remove dust and soot particles and the like from the combustion gases.
  • the cyclone (or several cyclones) is followed by a fan, which transfers the combustion gases into a bubbling device, which serves as a second heat exchanger.
  • the sparkling device preferably corresponds to DE-PS 30 49 805.
  • the pulsation tube is curved approximately U-shaped downstream of the combustion chamber. This creates a compact design. Together with the hollow pot arranged at the end of the tube and the first heat exchanger, the pulsation tube forms approximately the shape of an inverted U. The two ends of the legs of the U are open mounted in a hollow body that performs several functions. The cyclone is arranged in the hollow body downstream of the flow path. Upstream of the pulsation tube, the hollow body forms a cavity into which the pulsation tube opens. This cavity also has a noise-dampening effect.
  • a grate serves to limit the combustion chamber, the position of the grate in the tube being adjustable in accordance with the operating parameters of the combustion.
  • an excess pressure of oxygen-containing gas is generated in the combustion chamber by means of a fan.
  • the overpressure generated is in the range from 1 to 20 atm, preferably around 8 atm.
  • the pulsation method according to the invention in a quarter-wavelength tube enables stoichiometric combustion at low temperatures. This reduces the formation of pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides. For a further reduction in pollutants, the coal or coal dust calcium can be added. This binds additional nitrogen and sulfur oxides.
  • a so-called fluid bed is provided instead of a grate for local fixing of the combustion chamber.
  • inlet nozzles for a fluid such as air, are provided at the location of the pipe where the combustion chamber is to be located, which introduce the fluid under such high pressure that the parts to be burned, such as coal and coal dust, float approximately stationary.
  • an oxygen sensor is arranged above the grate and the fan is controlled in accordance with the oxygen concentration indicated by the sensor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a pulsation heating system in vertical section.
  • a test system is approximately 3 m high. This also gives the dimensions of the other parts.
  • a tube 10 serves as a pulsation tube, i.e. A pulsating combustion takes place in the tube 10.
  • the fuel is introduced into the pipe 10 via an inlet 12.
  • solid fuel is burned.
  • the plant can also be converted to other fuels such as oil and gas.
  • the inlet 12 is opened or closed by means of a vertically adjustable flap 13.
  • the flap 13 is vertically displaceable by means of a spindle motor 15.
  • a blower 14 is arranged between the flap 13 and a further flap 17 and thus generates a pressure lock so that a high overpressure can be maintained in the tube 10 on the left of the flap 13.
  • a combustion chamber 16 is defined in the tube 10 by a grate 18.
  • the grate 18 is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
  • coal dust is to be burned, a coal dust nozzle with a suitable carrier gas is provided at location 18c.
  • the combustion chamber 16 is not defined by a grate, but by a gas nozzle 18a or an oil nozzle 18b, the position of which is also indicated in FIG. 1.
  • a gas nozzle 18a or an oil nozzle 18b the position of which is also indicated in FIG. 1.
  • Several nozzles can also be provided.
  • An exemplary embodiment with a grate is described below, which relates to the combustion of coal.
  • 1 is adjustable in height by means of a rod 20 and a height adjustment device 22, so that the position of the grate 18 or the combustion chamber 16 in the tube 10 can be adjusted depending on the operating conditions of the combustion.
  • nozzle 18a If oil or gas is to be burned instead of coal (gas nozzle 18a, oil nozzle 18b), appropriate nozzles can be arranged in the wall of the pipe at different heights, so that the gas or oil flow can be introduced into the pipe at different heights can. Nozzles that are not being operated (not shown) are closed.
  • the tube 10 has a curved section 24.
  • the curved section 24 makes up about a third to a quarter of the total length of the tube 10.
  • a safety valve 26 is arranged in the zenith of the curved section 24 of the tube 10.
  • An oxygen sensor 25 is arranged above the combustion chamber 16, with which the gas supply for the combustion in the combustion chamber 16 is controlled so that a complete stoichiometric combustion takes place.
  • the gas supply is described below.
  • the position of the grate 18 or the combustion chamber 16 located directly above it, that is to say the space in which the flame pulsates, with respect to the upstream pipe end 28 or the downstream pipe end 30 of the pulsation pipe 10 can be set such that the distance of the grate 18 from the upstream pipe end 28 is between 0.4 to 0.6 times the distance of the grate from the downstream pipe end 30. This is indicated by the dashed lines in Fig. 1.
  • the upstream pipe end 28 is optionally provided with a so-called “flapper” valve (butterfly valve) or open.
  • the tube 10 of a test embodiment has an inner diameter of approximately 140 mm.
  • the radius of curvature of the center line M of the tube in the curved section 24 is approximately 350 mm.
  • the downstream tube end 30 of the pulsation tube 10 opens into a hollow pot 32, the diameter of which is approximately 500 mm.
  • a so-called flapper valve is provided at the downstream pipe end 30, that is to say a one-way valve which opens in the direction of flow and flows vice versa.
  • the combustion gases flow through hollow pot 32 in FIG. 1 from top to bottom, covering a distance of approximately 450 mm.
  • the hollow pot 32 is funnel-shaped in its bottom section and opens into a first heat exchanger 34, in which the energy contained in the combustion gases is released to circulating water.
  • the entire tube 10, the walls of the hollow pot 32 and the heat exchanger 34 are not one of the Darge flowed through the cooling water circuit.
  • the tube 10 and the hollow pot 32 are thus hollow-walled.
  • the connecting lines for the water circuit (or the water circuits) are provided with the reference numeral 36. Combustion heat is obtained via the cooling water circuit.
  • the tube 10 together with the hollow pot 32 and the first heat exchanger 34 forms the overall shape of an upside down U, the hollow pot 32 representing a thickening.
  • This U-shaped unit stands on a hollow body 38 which is essentially box-shaped.
  • the upstream end 28 of the tube 10 opens into a cavity 39 which also has a sound-absorbing effect.
  • a blower 40 is arranged in the cavity 39, which draws in air from the outside and presses it into the pipe end 28 at high pressure.
  • the blower generates an overpressure with respect to the outer atmosphere at the pipe end 28 between 0.5 and 40 atm, preferably 5 to 12 atm, in particular 8 atm.
  • the overpressure depends on the operating parameters and the fuel.
  • a so-called flapper valve is arranged at the entrance of the upstream pipe end 28, i.e. a butterfly valve that opens towards the inside of the pipe and flows in the opposite direction.
  • the cavity 39 is separated from the rest of the hollow body 38 by means of a partition 42. Slag falling on an inclined wall 41 slides into a slag slide 44.
  • the first heat exchanger 34 opens into a channel 45 that leads to two cyclones 46.
  • the combustion gas is rotated in a known manner so that particles, dust and soot or the like are separated off by means of centrifugal forces. The particles fall out of the cyclone onto a particle catcher 48.
  • the combustion gases are fed by means of a blower 50 to an outlet line 52, which transfers the combustion gases, which have not yet cooled completely in the heat exchanger 34, to a further heat exchanger, which essentially corresponds to DE-PS 30 49 805 and is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the second heat exchanger is a bubble device 60.
  • the combustion gases enter a tube 64 which is arranged in a water bath 66.
  • the hot combustion gases flow through vertical pipes 68 into a dome 70, which is shown in an exploded view in FIG. 2.
  • the dome 70 is lowered into the water bath 66 such that the side walls 72 of the dome are immersed in the water.
  • the side walls 72 of the dome 70 there are slits 74 which increase in cross section and through which the combustion gases bubble through the water.
  • the arrangement of the slots 74 dampens possible pulsation phenomena in the combustion gas.
  • a further heat exchanger 78 is provided in the dome 70 in a manner known per se.
  • the almost completely cooled combustion gases contain relatively few pollutants and require a relatively short chimney.
  • the grate 18 shows details of a grate 18 for the combustion of, in particular, solid coal.
  • the grate 18 consists of an approximately circular plate which has concentric, approximately quarter-circular recesses 80. Four projections 82 project radially and center the grating 18 at a distance with respect to the inner wall of the tube 10.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows an arrangement which can be connected downstream of the device according to FIG. 1.
  • the device according to 4 is arranged in a housing 100 and serves to further purify the combustion gases and at the same time to produce a useful substance with them, namely ammonium sulfate nitrate.
  • the housing 100 according to FIG. 4 has an inlet 102 into which the combustion gases flow.
  • the input 102 can in particular be connected directly to the output line 52 according to FIG. 1.
  • the spraying water cleans the gases that pass through space 104 in the direction of arrow 114.
  • a wall 112 separates the space 104 from the rest of the device in the housing 100.
  • Water 108 is collected at the bottom of the room 104 and extends to the inlet of an overflow pipe 110.
  • the gases cleaned by spraying water enter a bubble device 60 'which corresponds to the bubble device 60 described above (DE-PS 30 49 805).
  • the gas enters the water 116 through the slots 74, the level of which is determined by an overflow pipe 124.
  • ammonia solution enters the tube 128, which is sprayed through the fine holes into the space 121 and thus comes into contact with the cleaned and cooled combustion gases.
  • combustion gases and reaction products enter a subsequent space 132, over the floor of which there is also water 134.
  • a pipe 138 protrudes into the space 132, which also has finely divided openings and into which an oxidant, in particular ozone, and ammonia enters at 136, which is sprayed in the space 132.
  • gases and reaction products continue to flow in the direction of arrows 142 around barriers 140, 140 ', 140 ⁇ , 140 ′′′ of a final condenser to an outlet 144 of housing 100, which leads to a chimney.
  • the level of the water 134 is defined by an overflow pipe 146.
  • the nitrogen oxides NO x contained in the combustion gas react with the ammonia to form ammonium nitrite.
  • Ammonium nitrite reacts with ozone to form ammonium nitrate.
  • ammonium sulfate and the ammonium nitrate described above form ammonium sulfate nitrate, which can be obtained from the device and can be used for fertilizing purposes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP19890121660 1988-11-25 1989-11-23 Installation de chauffage Withdrawn EP0370504A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3839861 1988-11-25
DE3839861A DE3839861A1 (de) 1988-11-25 1988-11-25 Heizanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0370504A2 true EP0370504A2 (fr) 1990-05-30
EP0370504A3 EP0370504A3 (fr) 1991-07-03

Family

ID=6367905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890121660 Withdrawn EP0370504A3 (fr) 1988-11-25 1989-11-23 Installation de chauffage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0370504A3 (fr)
DD (1) DD289804A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3839861A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK594289A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994027087A1 (fr) * 1993-05-17 1994-11-24 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Procede et appareil de chauffage de fluides au moyen d'un bruleur par impulsions
WO1997018426A1 (fr) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Procede et appareil de sechage et de chauffage

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4217729A1 (de) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-02 Dessau Zement Maschbau Gmbh Verfahren und anlagentechnische Schaltung zur Trocknung und Verbrennung von Abfallstoffen
FI91558C (fi) * 1992-12-04 1994-07-11 Valtion Teknillinen Pulssipolttokattila

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK346579A (da) * 1979-08-20 1981-02-21 N R E Pedersen Fyringsanlaeg
JPS59107107A (ja) * 1982-12-13 1984-06-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd パルス燃焼装置
JPS6048409A (ja) * 1983-08-25 1985-03-16 Toshiba Corp パルス燃焼装置
EP0227699B1 (fr) * 1985-06-12 1989-01-04 PLETZER, Georg Foyer de chaudiere

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994027087A1 (fr) * 1993-05-17 1994-11-24 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Procede et appareil de chauffage de fluides au moyen d'un bruleur par impulsions
WO1997018426A1 (fr) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Procede et appareil de sechage et de chauffage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3839861A1 (de) 1990-05-31
DD289804A5 (de) 1991-05-08
EP0370504A3 (fr) 1991-07-03
DK594289D0 (da) 1989-11-24
DK594289A (da) 1990-05-26

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