Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
  • C07D213/64—One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/26—Radicals substituted by halogen atoms or nitro radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals

Definitions

• the invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, which is used as an intermediate for the preparation of known insecticides.
• 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine can be obtained in a complex, multi-stage process if 2-chloropyridine-5-carboxylic acid is converted into the corresponding acid chloride with thionyl chloride, if appropriate esterified with ethanol, then reduced to hydroxymethyl compound with sodium boranate and finally, with thionyl chloride in the side chain, the hydroxyl group is substituted by chlorine (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,576,629; J. Org. Chem. 34 , 3545 [1969]; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 16 , 333 - 337 [ 1979]).
• reaction sequence according to the invention A number of aspects of the reaction sequence according to the invention are to be classified as completely surprising and unforeseeable for the person skilled in the art. Furthermore, by combining the 5 reaction stages, the process as a whole is new and inventive.
• the starting product nicotinic acid is a cheap starting material which can be prepared on an industrial scale; furthermore, that all reactions with easily accessible reagents, under reaction conditions which are technically easy to produce, can be carried out selectively and in high yield, and that, last but not least, the variants mentioned above, without isolation of certain intermediate stages, lead to a rational and economical synthesis of the desired target compound.
• Inert organic solvents are suitable as diluents for carrying out the first stage of the process according to the invention.
• Benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene or phosphorus oxychloride are used with particular preference. It is also possible to carry out the first stage of the process according to the invention directly in bulk without using a diluent.
• reaction temperatures can be in can be varied over a wide range. In general, temperatures between 80 ° C and 180 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 110 ° C and 160 ° C.
• either 2 to 4 moles of phosphorus pentachloride are used per mole of nicotinic acid of the formula (II) or, to avoid a larger excess of phosphorus pentachloride, first 1 to 2 moles of thionyl chloride (in this case the starting product nicotinic acid is converted into the hydrochloride of the corresponding acid chloride transferred) and then 1 to 2 mol of phosphorus pentachloride. It is also possible to produce the phosphorus pentachloride directly in the reaction vessel from an appropriate amount of phosphorus trichloride and an equivalent amount of chlorine. In the course of the reaction, it proves advantageous to continuously distill off the released phosphorus oxychloride.
• reaction product of the formula (III) can be isolated by distillation; however, the raw product can also be used for further implementation.
• Formula (IV) provides a general definition of the alkali metal alcoholates required as starting materials for carrying out the second stage of the process according to the invention.
• R preferably represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, i-butyl or sec-butyl.
• M preferably represents a sodium or potassium cation, in particular a sodium cation.
• the alkali metal alcoholates of the formula (IV) are generally known compounds; if appropriate, they can be generated in situ from alkali metal hydroxides and corresponding alcoholates.
• Inert organic solvents are also suitable as diluents for carrying out the second stage of the process according to the invention.
• Particular preference is given to using lower alkyl alcohols which carry the same alkyl radical which is characterized by the alkali metal alcoholates of the formula (IV) used as reactants, in particular methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or isobutanol.
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantial range when carrying out the second stage of the process according to the invention. In general, temperatures between 0 ° C and 120 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 20 ° C and 90 ° C.
• Diluted inorganic or organic acids are suitable as catalyst acid for carrying out the third stage of the process according to the invention.
• Dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid or acetic acid is preferably used as the reaction medium. It is also possible to carry out the reaction in pure water as the reaction medium without using a catalyst acid.
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantial range when carrying out the third stage of the process according to the invention. In general, temperatures between 0 ° C and 100 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 20 ° C and 80 ° C.
• Suitable hydrogenation catalysts for carrying out the fourth stage of the process according to the invention are customary noble metal, noble metal oxide or Raney catalysts, if appropriate on a suitable support, such as, for example, activated carbon, aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide. Palladium on activated carbon or Raney nickel is used with particular advantage.
• Inert organic solvents are suitable as diluents for carrying out the fourth stage of the process according to the invention.
• ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl glycol dimethyl or diethyl ether, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or acids such as acetic acid.
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantial range when carrying out the fourth stage of the process according to the invention. In general, temperatures between 0 ° C and 150 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 20 ° C and 100 ° C.
• the fourth stage of the process according to the invention is carried out either under normal pressure or under elevated or reduced pressure.
• pressure ranges between 0.01 and 200 bar, preferably between 0.1 and 100 bar.
• 1.0 to 20.0 mol, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mol of hydrogen and 0.0001 to 1.0 mol, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mol, of hydrogenation catalyst are generally employed per mol of pyridine aldehyde of the formula (VI).
• the reaction products are worked up, worked up and isolated using generally customary methods (cf. also the preparation examples).
• Suitable chlorinating agents for carrying out the fifth stage of the process according to the invention are, in particular, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphophoroxy chloride or phosgene, and also mixtures of these compounds.
• the fifth stage of the process according to the invention can be carried out either in bulk without the addition of a diluent or in the presence of a suitable diluent.
• a suitable diluent include in particular aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic, optionally halogenated hydrocarbons, such as, for example, benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene, petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
• the fifth stage of the process according to the invention can optionally be carried out in the presence of a suitable reaction auxiliary.
• tertiary amines such as triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, pyridine or N, N-dimethylaminopyridine come into question, as well as catalytic amounts of formamides such as N, N-dimethylformamide or N, N-dibutylformamide or inorganic metal chlorides such as magnesium chloride or Lithium chloride.
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantial range when carrying out the fifth stage of the process according to the invention. In general, temperatures between 20 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 60 ° C and 150 ° C.
• 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mol of chlorinating agent and optionally 0.01 to 3.0 mol, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mol, of reaction auxiliaries are generally employed per mol of pyridylmethanol of the formula (VII).
• the reaction mixture obtainable from the second stage of the process according to the invention which is dissolved in methanol *) , is mixed with water and, if appropriate, with an appropriate amount of catalyst acid, then at the required temperature is stirred for 0.5 to 20 hours **) and the reaction mixture thus obtainable with hydrogenation catalyst and optionally mixed with additional solvent, hydrogenated in the usual manner at the required temperature and pressure, neutralized after completion, insoluble constituents filtered off and the filtrate worked up by distillation (cf. also the preparation examples).
• the compound 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine of the formula (I) obtainable with the aid of the process according to the invention is a known compound and can be used, for example, as an intermediate for the preparation of insecticidal nitromethylene compounds (cf., for example, EP-A 163 855; EP-A 192 060; EP-A 259 738; EP-A 254 859).
• the mixture is cooled, 600 ml of ethyl acetate are added, the mixture is poured into ice water, made weakly alkaline by cooling sodium carbonate in portions, the organic phase is separated off and the aqueous phase is extracted with 300 ml of ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic phases are dried over magnesium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and distilled in a water jet vacuum.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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• 1989
  • 1989-12-02 DE DE58908969T patent/DE58908969D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-12-02 EP EP89122285A patent/EP0373464B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-12-02 AT AT89122285T patent/ATE117994T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-12-06 US US07/447,145 patent/US4990622A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-12-14 KR KR1019890018508A patent/KR0139627B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-12-15 JP JP1324116A patent/JP2804558B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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