EP0387859A2 - Chaudière de chauffage - Google Patents

Chaudière de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0387859A2
EP0387859A2 EP90104852A EP90104852A EP0387859A2 EP 0387859 A2 EP0387859 A2 EP 0387859A2 EP 90104852 A EP90104852 A EP 90104852A EP 90104852 A EP90104852 A EP 90104852A EP 0387859 A2 EP0387859 A2 EP 0387859A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
combustion chamber
flame
boiler
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90104852A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0387859B1 (fr
EP0387859A3 (fr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pyropac AG
Original Assignee
Pyropac AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyropac AG filed Critical Pyropac AG
Publication of EP0387859A2 publication Critical patent/EP0387859A2/fr
Publication of EP0387859A3 publication Critical patent/EP0387859A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0387859B1 publication Critical patent/EP0387859B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/282—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with flue gas passages built-up by coaxial water mantles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/09062—Tube-shaped baffles confining the flame

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oil or gas-fired boiler - in particular in the vertical operating position with a top burner arranged at the top on the front side - with a combustion chamber which opens out into a deflection chamber on its end face opposite the burner, with a single-pass or multi-pass flue gas duct, which by the Deflection chamber is led from the outside of the combustion chamber encased by a combustion chamber insert into a flue gas collecting space formed in the front end of the boiler, and with a water chamber which includes the combustion chamber including the flue gas duct on the outside of the combustion chamber insert.
  • a boiler is described for example in EP patent application 292 580.
  • the mechanisms of formation for NO are generally known and can be carried out by the following processes - thermal NO formation - prompt NO formation and - NO formation can be described by the oxidation of the atomic nitrogen contained in the fuel, the so-called fuel NO.
  • the main part of nitrogen oxides in furnaces is especially when using nitrogen-free or low-fuel fuels, such as gaseous fuels and heating oil EL, on thermal NO, which at temperatures above 1200 ° C in the flame by oxidation of the molecular nitrogen carried by the air N2 with which oxygen is created. It is known in principle to reduce the formation of thermal NO in particular by returning a partial exhaust gas stream to the combustion process.
  • nitrogen-free or low-fuel fuels such as gaseous fuels and heating oil EL
  • the exhaust gas has a relatively large specific heat capacity due to its content of carbon dioxide and water vapor.
  • Exhaust gas recirculation can basically be imagined in two ways, namely external exhaust gas recirculation, i.e. the exhaust gas is taken from somewhere outside the boiler on the way to the chimney or the like and fed to the combustion process, for example by introducing it into the combustion air of a burner fan, on the other hand it can be imagined to recirculate part of the exhaust gas in the burner chamber itself in such a way that that Exhaust gas is returned to the flame root.
  • external exhaust gas recirculation i.e. the exhaust gas is taken from somewhere outside the boiler on the way to the chimney or the like and fed to the combustion process, for example by introducing it into the combustion air of a burner fan, on the other hand it can be imagined to recirculate part of the exhaust gas in the burner chamber itself in such a way that that Exhaust gas is returned to the flame root.
  • a flue gas recirculation is carried out within the boiler, that is to say "inside the boiler".
  • the basic idea is that the fuel mixture flowing out of the combustion tube, which is ignited to the flame, passes into the combustion chamber at a certain speed and therefore generates a negative pressure in the area in front of the mouth of the combustion tube (this is also referred to as the flame pulse, i.e. the directed one Size from the product of the mass and velocity of the gas in the direction from the nozzle orifice).
  • the exhaust gas passing out of the combustion chamber into the heat exchanger region located outside this gives off heat and suffers flow resistance losses, so that a pressure drop occurs.
  • the partial exhaust gas quantity that is returned can basically take place anywhere in the area of the heat exchanger path outside of the combustion chamber up to and including the collecting space which is connected to the chimney is. In any case, it is important that a reliable pressure drop is ensured from the point at which the partial exhaust gas quantity is extracted to the negative pressure area in the area of origin of the flame.
  • the invention is preferably applied to a boiler which is specially designed to have a low exhaust gas temperature at the exhaust gas outlet space, in which case there is a large area in the last area of the heat emission to the adjacent water jacket to be heated.
  • the exhaust gas is preferably tapped off before this last area-intensive heat transfer path, the exhaust gas there, for example, still has a temperature of approximately 400 ° C., and is therefore significantly cooler than the hot gases in the combustion area, which are responsible for the formation of NO x .
  • the preferably tubular combustion chamber insert which encompasses the combustion chamber, is extended in a particularly simple embodiment upwards towards the burner nozzle, in such a way that the The mouth of the burner tube engages in the interior (combustion chamber) enclosed by the combustion chamber insert.
  • the partial exhaust gas quantity to be supplied must be able to flow into the interior of the combustion chamber insert forming the combustion chamber, ie the combustion chamber insert is not subsequently pulled up to the cover, but instead held more or less spaced from it.
  • the mouth of the burner tube can at most be arranged in the opening plane of the combustion chamber defined thereby, but preferably it engages in the combustion chamber space encompassed by the combustion chamber insert.
  • a deliberate gap between the combustion chamber insert and the inner wall of the water jacket holding it is created in the transition region from the first heat exchanger section to that with the large heat exchanger surface of the final flow section of the exhaust gases.
  • this is done by means of a projecting rib, which is continuous or interrupted all around, on which the tubular combustion chamber insert is supported on the inner wall of the boiler via more or less rod-shaped or regionally small supporting projections.
  • the size of the gap formation in this support area provides a setting option for the order of magnitude of the partial flow of the tapped flue gas; the distance between the upper edge of the tubular fire insert and the cover, which is penetrated by the burner head, offers a further possibility for adjusting the flow resistance and thus the recirculated quantity of flue gas.
  • the flue gas enters the combustion chamber in the negative pressure area, mixes with the flame and thereby reduces the temperature in this flame area accordingly due to the returned cool flue gas.
  • This "cooling" is due to the increased relative heat capacity of the partial flue gas.
  • Another effect is that the temperature peaks in the combustion area are reduced thereby, ie the temperature within the flame, which can be very different with regard to their distribution without such a measure, is evened out. In such temperature peak areas, the NO x formation would be favored accordingly. By reducing these peaks due to the high temperature differences to the flue gas temperature, these educational zones are restricted accordingly.
  • the "two-stage" design of the water chamber is designed as a one-piece casting, for example gray cast iron, so that the condensate formation which occurs in particular in the case of flue gases which have cooled down to a great extent can be mastered without problems.
  • the casting Due to the absorption of silicate, the casting forms a very corrosion-resistant casting skin, which is much more resistant to condensate than steel. The prerequisite for this, however, is that the cast skin remains intact. Cast skin injuries occur due to machining and also due to friction.
  • the wall of the water chamber is in a preferred embodiment one piece continuously and at least in the delimitation area of the flue gas duct unprocessed.
  • the water chamber preferably consists of a one-piece casting.
  • the lower front end of the boiler is formed by a floor insulating body, which limits the deflection space towards the bottom.
  • the heat exchanger surfaces of the water jacket preferably run at least essentially vertically in the area of the flue gas duct or ducts, so that condensate forming in the upper low-temperature region can flow downwards in the direction of higher flue gas temperature and thus evaporate.
  • Detailed explanations can be found in DE-OS 35 46 368.6-16.
  • the water chamber can be designed in the upper region of the flue gas channel in such a way that the flue gas channel surrounds it radially on the outside or through it.
  • an inner wall of the water chamber to be heated is therefore close to the preferably tubular combustion chamber insert. This means that cooling directed towards the upper area (flame formation area) of the combustion chamber takes place, which in particular has an influence on the recirculated marginal gas partial quantity if it is diverted upwards in this area between the inner wall of the water chamber and the combustion chamber insert.
  • the flue gas recirculation which is preferably provided here for a boiler with an internal water chamber in the upper region is fundamentally not limited to such a boiler design. It is only necessary to have a possibility to split off the partial quantities to provide flue gas supplied to the flame. In the most primitive case, this could also be slots or bores which are provided in the upper annular area between the flue gas collection chamber with connection to the chimney and the burner head area. Instead of a hole, a continuous gap can also be provided between the upper edge of the inner vessel wall and the cover.
  • the preferred branching of the recirculated partial flow region of the exhaust gas from the transition region between the lower and the upper flue gas duct section can have the advantage that this recirculated exhaust gas quantity has not cooled down too far.
  • the exemplary embodiments show a standing boiler 1, on the upper end of which a burner is arranged as a burner; the burner is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 only indicated with its burner tube 2.
  • the boiler 1 which has an essentially circular cross-section, is provided in its center with a combustion chamber 3, which extends near the inside of the upper end wall, approximately starting from the mouth of the burner tube 2, into the bottom region of the boiler and open there in one Deflection room 4 opens.
  • the hot flue gases resulting from the combustion in the combustion chamber 3 thus flow downwards, are deflected in the room 4 and are carried on to the side of the combustion chamber in the opposite direction.
  • the combustion chamber 3 has a first zone arranged in connection with the upper end-side boundary of the combustion chamber 3, in which the flame forms and which is therefore called the flame formation zone 5 here.
  • This zone 5 is followed by a further zone, viewed downwards, over the rest of the combustion chamber 3, in which the flame burns out and is therefore referred to as the flame burnout zone 6.
  • the combustion chamber 3 and thus the flame formation zone 5 and the flame burnout zone 6 is delimited by a wall of a combustion chamber insert 7 which is designed as a steel tube.
  • the water space designated overall by 8 is divided into two water space areas, namely a first area 11 and a second area 9, which are connected to one another by a multi-part transition area 14 stand.
  • a total of 15 designated flue gas duct extends from the lower deflection chamber 4 outside the combustion chamber 3 to a flue gas collecting space 19 formed in the upper front area of the boiler, which is connected via an outlet 20 to a chimney (not shown).
  • the flue gas duct 15 viewed in this flue gas flow direction, has a first section 16, which extends in the hollow cylindrical space between the combustion chamber insert 7 and the inner wall 10 of the second water space region 9, and propagates in a second section 17, which is here through a A plurality of through cavities 35 is formed, which are evenly distributed over the circumference and arranged in parallel so that they pass through the first water space region 11 at a distance from the inner wall 12 thereof.
  • the two sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas duct 15 are connected to one another via a flue gas space 18, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the deflection space 4 is closed at the bottom by a floor insulating body 21, which is arranged on the second water space region 9, which is designed as a casting.
  • the upper end wall of the boiler 1 is formed by a cover 23, which has insulation toward the inside of the boiler and extends over the entire end face of the boiler.
  • the cover 23 can be opened or removed in a manner not shown, so that a through the opening Cleaning of the combustion chamber and the flue gas duct sections is made possible.
  • the two water space regions 9 and 11 are connected to one another by means of the transition region 14 which is interrupted in the circumferential direction from the flue gas transitions to the through cavities 35.
  • the water introduced into the second water space region 9 via a water inlet 24 thus passes into the first water space region 11 and from there passes again via a water outlet 25 to the outside of the boiler.
  • the flame formation takes place in the first zone 5 of the combustion chamber 3, as seen from the burner 2, and releases great heat.
  • This zone 5 a relatively small radial distance is left between the firebox insert 7 and the water-cooled inner wall 12 of the first water jacket region 11, so that heat is dissipated, thereby making an amount to reduce the formation of NOx.
  • the flame enters zone 6 of the combustion chamber, which is relatively hot due to the radially adjacent, larger-sized and the hot flue gas-absorbing first section 16 of the smoke duct 15, so that the flame burns out well, as a result of which pollutants such as carbon monoxide are formed , Hydrocarbons and soot is significantly reduced.
  • the flue gas passes through sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas channel and the multi-part flue gas intermediate space connecting them, in the first section a large part of the heat of the flue gas via the inner wall 10, which is provided with ribs 28, to the water in the Water area 9 is released. Radiant heat prevails in the area of the flue gas space 18 a temperature from the upper area of zone 6 which prevents the accumulation of condensate. Thereafter, the smoke gas is cooled via the flow path along the outer wall 13 of the first water area 11 and thus leaves the boiler via the flue gas collecting space 19 and the outlet 20 with only a little heat.
  • the first water chamber region 11 has the task of cooling the surroundings of the zone 5 and the flue gas in the section 17 of the flue gas duct. In this way, a compact construction is achieved with a good burnout of the flame.
  • the walls encompassing the entire water space 8, ie including the transitions in the area of the flue gas duct 15 from its first section 16 to its second section 15 in the form of a plurality of parallel feed-through ducts 15 and a receptacle formation for the floor insulating body 21 and a partial enclosure of the flue gas duct 19 is formed as a one-piece casting, in particular a gray casting. It is therefore not necessary to process the gray cast iron surfaces in the area of the flue gas duct, especially in their area which tends to form condensate. As can be seen from FIGS.
  • ribs 28 projecting radially inwards are formed on the inner wall 10 of the second water space region 9 and serve to increase the heat exchanger surface in the first section 16 of the flue gas duct 15.
  • the size of the heat transfer surface in the area of the second section 17 of the flue gas duct 15 can be influenced by the number and / or shape of the through ducts 35.
  • the hollow cylindrical space 40 between the outer wall of the combustion chamber insert 7 in the area of the flame formation zone 5 and the outer wall 12 of the first water area 11 is used as a channel for the conduction of a partial flue gas branched off from the flue gas intermediate space 18 to the space between the cover 23 and the upper end edge of the firebox insert 7 passed.
  • the upper end edge of the combustion chamber insert 7 is spaced apart by a distance 39 from the inner wall of the cover 23, so that the part of the flue gas can enter the upper end side of the combustion chamber insert 7 according to the arrow shown on the left, specifically over the area of the surface 41 something protrudes into the space encompassed by the tubular furnace insert 7. Due to the exit velocity of the fuels or fuel mixtures flowing out of the burner tube 2 and leading to the formation of a flame, a negative pressure is generated which draws in the branched-off part of the flue gas and feeds it to the flame in the formation area.
  • a rib 42 is formed, which struts radially inward from the wall 12 and extends radially inwards, on which projections 43 are supported, which are formed in the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the combustion chamber insert 7, for example welded on.
  • the dimensions are such that between the rib 42 and the projections 43 a more or less subdivided, but otherwise with regard to the overall cross-section is to be dimensioned accordingly, which determines the amount of the branched flue gas part.
  • the upper edge region of the combustion chamber insert 7, which is spaced from the inside of the cover 23, is provided with a conical extension 45, which serves for better introduction of the partial flue gas quantity, which in this exemplary embodiment is branched off from the flue gas collecting duct 19, namely by a Dimensioning of the inner wall 12 of the first water area 11 such that its upper edge has an annular gap distance 46 to the inner wall of the cover 23.
  • the magnitude of this gap spacing 46 and / or also its interruption can in turn be used to determine the quantity of the branched flue gas part to be supplied to the flame formation zone under reduced pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
EP90104852A 1989-03-14 1990-03-14 Chaudière de chauffage Expired - Lifetime EP0387859B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3908296 1989-03-14
DE3908296A DE3908296C2 (de) 1989-03-14 1989-03-14 Heizkessel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0387859A2 true EP0387859A2 (fr) 1990-09-19
EP0387859A3 EP0387859A3 (fr) 1991-07-24
EP0387859B1 EP0387859B1 (fr) 1995-06-21

Family

ID=6376323

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90104852A Expired - Lifetime EP0387859B1 (fr) 1989-03-14 1990-03-14 Chaudière de chauffage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0387859B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE124127T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3908296C2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19519963A1 (de) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-05 Pyropac Ag Heizkessel
EP1004833A3 (fr) * 1998-11-27 2002-09-11 Max Weishaupt GmbH Chaudière
EP1431697A3 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2006-11-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Unité d'échange de chaleur
EP2317221A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 De Dietrich Thermique Chaudière à communication aéraulique entre la chambre de combustion et l'échangeur permettant d'éviter la résonance du brûleur à air pulsé
CN111828969A (zh) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-27 广州汤姆逊电气有限公司 一种高温循环式节能环保燃烧枪

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106352544A (zh) * 2016-11-24 2017-01-25 胜利油田物华石油装备制造有限公司 倾斜烟管加热炉

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2927193A1 (de) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-15 Koerting Hannover Ag Vorrichtung zum erwaermen von fluessigkeiten
DD158137A1 (de) * 1981-04-10 1982-12-29 Werner Penske Vorrichtung zur wirkungsgradverbesserung berippter waermetauscher
DE3601000A1 (de) * 1985-07-02 1987-06-19 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Wasserheizkessel
DE3546368A1 (de) * 1985-12-31 1987-07-02 Siegfried Dipl Ing Weishaupt Heizkessel
DE3628293A1 (de) * 1986-08-20 1988-02-25 Wolf Klimatechnik Gmbh Heizkessel fuer die verbrennung fluessiger und/oder gasfoermiger brennstoffe
ES2019601B3 (es) * 1987-05-19 1991-07-01 Pc Patentconsult Ag Caldera de calefaccion.
DE3738622C1 (en) * 1987-11-11 1989-02-02 Wolf Klimatechnik Gmbh Heating furnace with equipment for recirculating flue gas
DE3905762A1 (de) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-30 Heim Hermann Masch Verfahren und feuerungsanlage zum reduzieren der stickoxidbildung beim verbrennen fossiler brennstoffe

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19519963A1 (de) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-05 Pyropac Ag Heizkessel
EP0745805A3 (fr) * 1995-05-31 1997-08-06 Pyropac Ag Chaudière
EP1004833A3 (fr) * 1998-11-27 2002-09-11 Max Weishaupt GmbH Chaudière
EP1431697A3 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2006-11-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Unité d'échange de chaleur
EP2317221A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 De Dietrich Thermique Chaudière à communication aéraulique entre la chambre de combustion et l'échangeur permettant d'éviter la résonance du brûleur à air pulsé
FR2952165A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-06 Dietrich Thermique Chaudiere a communication aeraulique entre la chambre de combustion et l'echangeur permettant d'eviter la resonance du bruleur
CN111828969A (zh) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-27 广州汤姆逊电气有限公司 一种高温循环式节能环保燃烧枪

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0387859B1 (fr) 1995-06-21
DE3908296C2 (de) 1994-04-14
ATE124127T1 (de) 1995-07-15
DE3908296A1 (de) 1990-09-20
EP0387859A3 (fr) 1991-07-24
DE59009264D1 (de) 1995-07-27

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