EP0399397A2 - Spinnen von Mantel-Kern-Fäden mit multilobalem Querschnitt und mit elektroleitfähigem Kern - Google Patents

Spinnen von Mantel-Kern-Fäden mit multilobalem Querschnitt und mit elektroleitfähigem Kern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0399397A2
EP0399397A2 EP90109451A EP90109451A EP0399397A2 EP 0399397 A2 EP0399397 A2 EP 0399397A2 EP 90109451 A EP90109451 A EP 90109451A EP 90109451 A EP90109451 A EP 90109451A EP 0399397 A2 EP0399397 A2 EP 0399397A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
sheath
filament
component
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90109451A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0399397B1 (de
EP0399397A3 (de
Inventor
Harry Vaughn Samuelson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of EP0399397A2 publication Critical patent/EP0399397A2/de
Publication of EP0399397A3 publication Critical patent/EP0399397A3/de
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Publication of EP0399397B1 publication Critical patent/EP0399397B1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/09—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments

Definitions

  • Synthetic filaments having antistatic properties comprising a continuous nonconducting sheath of synthetic polymer surrounding a conductive polymeric core containing carbon black have been taught by Hull in U.S. Patent No. 3,803,453.
  • the cross-section of the core shown in said patent is circular. Need has arisen in certain end-use applications, such as career apparel worn in clean rooms, for even greater reduction of static propensity, and contrary to the desires expressed by others to conceal the fiber blackness, is a desire for greater visibility of the core.
  • Sheath-core filaments wherein the cross-section of the core is trilobal are known. They can be prepared with a spinneret of the type shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,936,483. While useful products of the invention can be prepared with such spinnerets, improvements in preserving definition of the trilobal core through the spinning process is a worthwhile objective.
  • the present invention offers an improved spinning technique as well as providing a novel filament which rapidly dissipates electrical charges.
  • the present invention has two important aspects. It provides a novel synthetic filament having antistatic properties comprising a continuous noncon­ductive sheath of a synthetic thermoplastic fiber-­forming polymer surrounding an electrically conductive polymeric core comprised of electrically conductive carbon black dispersed in a thermoplastic synthetic polymer, the cross-section of said core having from three to six lobes and a modification ratio of at least 2, with each lobe having an L/D ratio of from 1 to 20, where L is the length of a line drawn from the center point of the line between low points of adjacent valleys on either side of the lobe to the farthest point on said lobe, and D is the greatest width of the lobe as measured perpendicular to L.
  • It also provides an improved process for better maintaining the core definition during melt-spinning of a sheath-core fiber wherein one polymer composition constitutes the sheath component and a different polymer composition constitutes the core component and in which the core has three or more lobes.
  • the process comprises simultaneously extruding the molten sheath and core component compositions through a spinning orifice with the sheath component completely surrounding the core component, the improvement comprising, maintaining the core cross-sectional configuration by
  • Static dissipating fibers are well-known in the art and have been used for many years in textiles.
  • a particularly successful fiber has been the fiber described in U.S. Patent No. 3,803,453.
  • This fiber is a sheath-core bicomponent fiber prepared by melt co-­extrusion of two thermoplastic compositions as sheath and core, respectively.
  • the sheath is nonconductive.
  • the core polymer is made conductive by incorporation of electrically conductive carbon black.
  • the sheath provides strength to the fiber, hides the black core, and protects the core against chipping and flaking which can occur if the core were exposed at the fiber surface. Certain present day end-use applications require greater anti-static effect with less concern for color.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a sheath-core fiber wherein a trilobal core is surrounded by a sheath as might be seen on an enlargement of a photomicrograph. The nature of the core and sheath will be discussed in greater detail below.
  • the determination of modification ratio is known in the art but, for convenience, it can be defined by reference to Figure 1.
  • the modification ratio is the ratio of the radius of the smallest circle circumscribing the trilobal core to the radius of the largest circle which can be inscribed in the trilobal core where the lobes meet. In Figure 1, this is A/B.
  • FIG. 1 Determination of the L/D ratio for the lobes is also illustrated by reference to Figure 1.
  • a first line is drawn connecting the low points of adjacent valleys on either side of a lobe and another line L is drawn from the center of the first line to the farthest point of said lobe.
  • the value D represents the greatest width of the lobe as measured perpendicular to L.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic showing a cross-section of a round fiber having a tetralobal core.
  • Spinning of the filaments of the invention can be accomplished by conventional two-polymer sheath-core spinning equipment with appropriate consideration for the differing properties of the two components.
  • the filaments are readily prepared by known spinning techniques and with polymers as taught, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,936,482. Additional teaching of such spinning with polyamides is found in U.S. Patent No. 2,989,798.
  • a new improved process has been developed to better preserve the definition of sheath-core bicomponent fibers having tri-, tetra-, penta- or hexalobal cores as they are extruded. This is described below.
  • the improved process employed for spinning the sheath-core bicomponent yarn of Examples 1 and 2 below is a modification of a conventional sheath-core bi­component melt-spinning process.
  • the core feed polymer stream and the sheath feed polymer stream are fed to a spinneret pack including filters and screens, and to a plate which distributes the molten polymer streams to orifices that shape the core and surround it with sheath.
  • Reference to Figures 3 and 4 will assist in the understanding of the modified process.
  • Core polymer is fed to channel 2 and exits over the entrance to capillary 3 of spinneret plate 5.
  • Sheath polymer is fed through passageway 7 of plate 8 into the space between plates 5 and 8, maintained by shims not shown.
  • This polymer is fed from all directions against the core polymer stream in the vicinity of the entrance to the spinneret capillary 3 and both streams pass through capillary 3 in sheath-core relation, finally exiting from the spinneret orifice, not shown, at the exit of capillary 3.
  • the improved process maintains better definition of the core lobes. This is accomplished by controlling the flow of molten sheath component composition against the core polymer stream at spaced sections along the periphery of the entrance to the capillary to allow more sheath polymer to flow to zones between the lobes than to zones at the lobes. This can be achieved by enlarging the passageway for the sheath polymer to the capillary only in those sections leading to zones between lobes. Thus, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, depressions 10 were etched in plate 8 to permit increased sheath polymer flow to regions between lobes.
  • the filament sheath may consist of any extrudable, synthetic, thermoplastic, fiber-forming polymer or copolymer. This includes polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyacrylics, polyamides and polyesters of fiber-forming molecular weight. Particularly suitable sheath polymers are polyhexamethylene adipamide, polycaprolactam, and polyethylene terephthalate.
  • Tensile and other physical properties of the filaments of the invention are primarily dependent on the sheath polymer.
  • polymers of higher molecular weight and those permitting higher draw ratios are used in the sheath. While undrawn filaments of the invention may provide adequate strength for some purposes, the drawn filaments are preferred.
  • the filament core of the antistatic fibers consists of an electrically conductive carbon black dispersed in a polymeric, thermoplastic matrix material.
  • the core material is selected with primary consideration for conductivity and processability as described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 3,803,453. Carbon black concentra-tions in the core of 15 to 50 percent may be employed. It is found that 20 to 35 percent provides the preferred level of high conductivity while retaining a reasonable level of processability.
  • the core polymer may also be selected from the same group as that for the sheath, or it may be non-fiber forming, since it is protected by the sheath.
  • the core of the bicomponent fiber will, of course, be non-conductive.
  • the cross-sectional area of the core in the composite filament need only be sufficient to impart the desired antistatic properties thereto and may be as low as 0.3 percent, preferably at least 0.5 percent and up to 35 percent, by volume.
  • the lower limit is governed primarily by the capability of manufacturing sheath/core filaments of sufficiently uniform quality while maintaining adequate core continuity at the low core volume levels.
  • the filaments of this invention have a denier per filament (dpf) of less than and preferably less than 25 dpf.
  • the filaments of this invention are capable of providing excellent static protection in all types of textile end uses, including knitted, tufted, woven and nonwoven textiles. They may contain conventional additives and stabilizers such as dyes and antioxidants. They may be subjected to all types of textile processing including crimping, texturing, scouring, bleaching, etc. They may be combined with staple or filament yarns and used as staple fibers or as continuous filaments.
  • Said filaments may be combined with other filaments or fibers during any appropriate step in yarn production (e.g., spinning, drawing, texturing, plying, rewinding, yarn spinning), or during fabric manufacture. Care should be taken to minimize undesirable breaking of the antistatic filaments in these operations.
  • the bicomponent stream Upon exiting the spinneret orifice, the bicomponent stream cools and begins to solidify. It is generally not desirable to apply too high a spin stretch with the conductive fibers since quality as an antistatic fiber diminishes. This is not a limitation with other bicomponent fibers.
  • Multilobal core filaments of the invention are described in each of Examples 1 to 3.
  • Sheath-core filaments having a sheath of 23.5 LRV polyethylene terephthalate and a polyethylene core that contained 28.4% carbon black were spun and wound up without drawing at 1200 meters per minute.
  • the conduc­tive core constituted 6% by weight of these filaments, and the yarns, which contained six filaments, were subsequently heated to 140°C and drawn at the ratios listed in Table I.
  • Samples with a round conductive core were spun using a spinneret assembly similar to that shown in Figure 11 of U.S. 2,936,482, whereas those having trilobal shaped cores were spun by the improved process of this invention using the spinneret assembly and plate shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the modification ratio of the trilobal conductive core was 5 and the L/D ratio was 3.
  • the trilobal core yarns were darker than the round core yarns. After drawing, these yarns were incorporated into a 100% polyester 28 cut jersey knit by feeding in the conductive core yarns at 5/16 inch intervals. Yarn and fabric properties measured on these samples are shown in Table I: Table I Core Shape Round Trilobal Draw Ratio 2.35X 2.10X Total Denier 35.9 40.0 Tenacity, g/d 1.81 1.61 % Elongation 28.9 21.4 Fabric Properties Surface Resistivity ohms/unit sq. 1.5 X 1013 1.9 X 1012 Federal Test Method 4046 Standard 101c (90% Decay) Time in sec./2 sec. charge level From: +5KV 33/900 0.23/275 -5KV 9.5/-950 0.20/-300
  • the fabric containing the yarn with the trilobal shaped conductive core had significantly lower surface resistivity and much faster static decay times than that made with the yarns having round conductive cores.
  • Sheath-core filamentary yarns (40 denier 6 filaments) having a sheath of 46 RV 66-nylon and either round or trilobal shaped conductive cores similar to those described in EXAMPLE 1 were prepared, except they were drawn at 110°C using a 3.2X draw ratio. The modification ratio of the trilobal conductive core was 4 and the L/D ratio was 2. These conductive core fibers were plied with 1225 denier nylon carpet yarn and direct tufted into level loop carpets. Both carpets were evaluated in the AATCC Test Method 134. The carpet containing the yarns with trilobal shaped cores had a significantly lower measurement of 0.8 KV versus 1.2 KV for the carpet made from yarns having round conductive cores.
  • sheath-core products were produced having a 24% central conductive core surrounded by a 76% sheath of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • Filaments having either round or trilobal (modification ratio of 2.0, L/D of 1.0) shaped conductive cores were prepared, and the cores contained 32.0% carbon black ("Vulcan P", available from Cabot Corp.), compounded into a film grade equivalent high melt index, low density polyethylene.
  • the resulting fibers were air quenched at 21°C, drawn 1.84X and wound up at 1372 meters per minute as a 35 denier 6 filament product. After heat annealing (130°C) to reduce shrinkage, the products were woven into fabric for static dissipation evaluation.
  • Woven fabrics were prepared as follows: Non-Conductive Yarns - 150 denier, 34 filaments - 3.3Z twist polyester fiber. Static Dissipative Yarns - 100 denier, 34 filaments - 4S twist polyester fiber plus one static dissipative yarn as described above. Weaving: 96 ends, 88 picks, 8 x 8 herringbone Warp - 1 Static dissipative yarn and 23 non-conductive ends. Filling - 2 Static dissipative yarns and 22 non-conductive picks. Fabrics:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
EP19900109451 1989-05-22 1990-05-18 Spinnen von Mantel-Kern-Fäden mit multilobalem Querschnitt und mit elektroleitfähigem Kern Expired - Lifetime EP0399397B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35605189A 1989-05-22 1989-05-22
US356051 1989-05-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0399397A2 true EP0399397A2 (de) 1990-11-28
EP0399397A3 EP0399397A3 (de) 1991-06-12
EP0399397B1 EP0399397B1 (de) 1994-10-19

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ID=23399904

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900109451 Expired - Lifetime EP0399397B1 (de) 1989-05-22 1990-05-18 Spinnen von Mantel-Kern-Fäden mit multilobalem Querschnitt und mit elektroleitfähigem Kern

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0399397B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3216131B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1028177C (de)
CA (1) CA2017201C (de)
DE (1) DE69013395T2 (de)
RU (1) RU2044804C1 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995010649A1 (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-04-20 Fiberweb North America, Inc. Antistatic spunbonded nonwoven fabrics
DE19605831A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-22 Nissan Motor Spinndüse für die Herstellung von Fasern mit unrundem Querschnitt und optischer Eigenschaft
DE19605847A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-29 Nissan Motor Spinndüse für die Herstellung von Fasern mit unrundem Querschnitt und optischer Eigenschaft
US5707735A (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-01-13 Midkiff; David Grant Multilobal conjugate fibers and fabrics
US5908593A (en) * 1995-02-16 1999-06-01 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing fibers with optical function
WO2003049589A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Cleaning sheet, system and apparatus
WO2004037534A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Nonwoven protective fabrics with conductive fiber layer
US7094467B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2006-08-22 Heping Zhang Antistatic polymer monofilament, method for making an antistatic polymer monofilament for the production of spiral fabrics and spiral fabrics formed with such monofilaments
WO2009053470A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Queen Mary And Westfield College, University Of London Conductive polymer composite
WO2009053118A1 (de) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Hänsel Textil GmbH Textiles flächengebilde
WO2009086944A1 (de) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Hänsel Textil GmbH Textiles flächengebilde
CN111364121A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-03 北京中纺优丝特种纤维科技有限公司 一种抗菌导电纤维及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CA2624148A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-05 Teijin Fibers Limited Method of producing islands-in-sea type composite spun fiber
EP2155939B1 (de) * 2007-06-07 2011-04-06 Albany International Corp. Leitfähiges monofilament und gewebe
CN101200816B (zh) * 2007-07-03 2010-12-01 赵丹青 一种兼具抗菌和速干功能的四叶形皮芯双组分纤维或长丝
DE102008003965A1 (de) 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 HÄNSEL VERBUNDTECHNIK GmbH Textiles Flächengebilde für einen Fahrzeugsitzbezug
DE102008003963A1 (de) 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 HÄNSEL VERBUNDTECHNIK GmbH Textiles Flächengebilde für Bettsysteme
DE102008003964A1 (de) 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 HÄNSEL VERBUNDTECHNIK GmbH Textiles Flächengebilde
DE202008018137U1 (de) 2008-01-11 2011-11-25 Hänsel Textil GmbH Textiles Flächengebilde
CN102031588B (zh) * 2009-09-29 2013-05-01 北京中纺优丝特种纤维科技有限公司 一种耐久性炭黑型导电纤维及其制备方法
CN102851760A (zh) * 2012-08-01 2013-01-02 张家港市恒美纺织有限公司 一种用于纺丝的喷丝板
CN103866412A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-18 上海启鹏工程材料科技有限公司 一种喷丝针
GB2546064A (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-07-12 Wsp Textiles Ltd Anti-static gaming surface
CN105483883A (zh) * 2016-01-28 2016-04-13 江苏中石纤维股份有限公司 一种擦拭用聚乙烯/聚酯同束异构复合纤维
CN109487350A (zh) * 2018-10-19 2019-03-19 山东超亚刷丝有限公司 一种通过对单丝加热挤压塑型制造螺纹刷丝的方法
CN110629302A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2019-12-31 神马实业股份有限公司 尼龙bcf超细纤维及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3568249A (en) * 1965-07-29 1971-03-09 Masao Matsui Spinneret for producing composite filaments
US3803453A (en) * 1972-07-21 1974-04-09 Du Pont Synthetic filament having antistatic properties
JPS551337A (en) * 1978-06-15 1980-01-08 Toray Ind Inc Electrically conducitive synthetic fiber and its production

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995010649A1 (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-04-20 Fiberweb North America, Inc. Antistatic spunbonded nonwoven fabrics
DE19605831A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-22 Nissan Motor Spinndüse für die Herstellung von Fasern mit unrundem Querschnitt und optischer Eigenschaft
DE19605847A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-29 Nissan Motor Spinndüse für die Herstellung von Fasern mit unrundem Querschnitt und optischer Eigenschaft
US5753277A (en) * 1995-02-16 1998-05-19 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Spinneret for manufacturing modified cross-section fibers with optical function
US5908593A (en) * 1995-02-16 1999-06-01 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing fibers with optical function
US5707735A (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-01-13 Midkiff; David Grant Multilobal conjugate fibers and fabrics
WO2003049589A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Cleaning sheet, system and apparatus
WO2004037534A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Nonwoven protective fabrics with conductive fiber layer
US7022630B2 (en) 2002-10-23 2006-04-04 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Nonwoven protective fabrics with conductive fiber layer
US7094467B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2006-08-22 Heping Zhang Antistatic polymer monofilament, method for making an antistatic polymer monofilament for the production of spiral fabrics and spiral fabrics formed with such monofilaments
WO2009053470A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Queen Mary And Westfield College, University Of London Conductive polymer composite
WO2009053118A1 (de) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Hänsel Textil GmbH Textiles flächengebilde
WO2009086944A1 (de) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Hänsel Textil GmbH Textiles flächengebilde
CN111364121A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-03 北京中纺优丝特种纤维科技有限公司 一种抗菌导电纤维及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0351307A (ja) 1991-03-05
DE69013395T2 (de) 1995-03-30
CN1028177C (zh) 1995-04-12
EP0399397B1 (de) 1994-10-19
DE69013395D1 (de) 1994-11-24
RU2044804C1 (ru) 1995-09-27
CA2017201C (en) 2001-04-17
CA2017201A1 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0399397A3 (de) 1991-06-12
JP3216131B2 (ja) 2001-10-09
CN1047543A (zh) 1990-12-05

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