EP0406295A1 - Ameliorations apportees a des batteries thermiques - Google Patents

Ameliorations apportees a des batteries thermiques

Info

Publication number
EP0406295A1
EP0406295A1 EP89904166A EP89904166A EP0406295A1 EP 0406295 A1 EP0406295 A1 EP 0406295A1 EP 89904166 A EP89904166 A EP 89904166A EP 89904166 A EP89904166 A EP 89904166A EP 0406295 A1 EP0406295 A1 EP 0406295A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
heater
thermal
electrolyte
battery according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89904166A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Austin Attewell
Ian Faul
John Knight
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0406295A1 publication Critical patent/EP0406295A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermal batteries, and is aimed at providing a means capable in many applications of extending the useful life of the battery.
  • This invention seeks to provide a means by which a small portion of the electrical capacity of a thermal battery can be used, if need be, to supplement the internal resistive heating or counter it ⁇ natural cooling in order to maintain the electrolyte above its freezing point.
  • This invention therefore consists of a thermal battery comprising a sacrificial resistive heater connectable between the terminals of the battery and operable to maintain the temperature of the battery electrolyte above its freezing point for as long as useful electrical capacity remains in the battery.
  • the heater may be arranged to operate as soon as the battery has been initiated or it may be switched on by a timing device, for example after a given interval after initiation of the battery, and in either case it may be controlled by a thermostat.
  • the thermostat would be arranged to cut in when the temperature of the electrolyte was somewhat higher than the freezing point - perhaps by as much as 50°C - since the electrolyte will continue to cool until heat dissipates through the electrolyte at a sufficient rate to compensate for the rate of heat loss.
  • the heater may be in one of several forms - thus it may be a wire coil enclosed in an electrically-insulating material such as mica and supported around the periphery of the cell stack of the battery inside the battery thermal insulation layers or as a cartridge heater within a central hole in the cell stack, or the heater could be an electrically-conducting heat-resisting film formed or deposited on an insulating substrate at similar locations.
  • the heater could generate heat uniformly over its surface, but it could be designed to generate greater heat in those areas where more heat is lost or where the electrolyte tends to freeze the most rapidly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic partly cut-away perspective view of one embodiment of a thermal battery incorporating the invention.
  • Figures 2 to 8 are graphs illustrating the effect of sacrificial heaters on the performance of thermal batteries of different sizes operated under various conditions.
  • a thermal battery consists of a stack of cells 1, each consisting of *t least an anode, electrolyte and cathode in disc form, and pressed, either Individually or in multiples, together with a similar disc 2 of pyrotechnic material between each cell, and mounted around a central hollow shaft (not shown) to provide space for ignition means.
  • the cells and pellets are contained inside a layer of thermal insulation 3 within a can 4. External terminals of the battery 5 and 6 on the upper face of the battery are connected to interior terminals at the top and bottom ends of the stack of cells respectively.
  • a cylindrical heater 7 Located adjacent to the inner fa_ze of the insulation layer 3 and in thermal contact with the sta-k of cells is a cylindrical heater 7 comprising a thin, insulating substrate on the inner face of which is formed a beating element consisting of an electrically-conductive heat-resistant film, the film being electrically insulated from the cell stack by a mica layer (not shown) and in electrical contact at its bottom end with the lower interior terminal of tie stack of cells and at its upper end with a third external terminal 8.
  • the pattern and/or thickness of the heating element is adapted to provide the necessary electrical resistance to generate the power required for the particular application.
  • the battery is initiated by firing the pyrotechnic material 2 raising the temperature of the electrolyte above its melting point, which in the typical case of a LiCl/KCl electrolyte is 352°C
  • the electrolyte becomes conductive and ezables the cells to supply a useful current.
  • the electrolyte will steadily cool down *t a rate dependent on the amount of insulation provided and the heat generated by current flow, a function of the external load, through the cell stack.
  • the electrolyte will begin to freeze just as the electrical capacity of the battery has exhausted, but in other conditions the electrolyte will freeze before this stage is reached.
  • the terminals 5 and 8 are interconnected by an external timing unit, and when the circuit is closed some time after initiation of the battery the heater operates, reducing slightly the output available between terminals 5 and 6 but extending the time elapse before the electrolyte freezes.
  • the upper end of the heating element is connected internally with the upper interior terminal of the cell stack, either via an integral timer or directly so that the heater operates immediately the battery is initiated.
  • a thermostatic element may be incorporated into the connections and in thermal contact with the electrolyte so that the heater only operates when the temperature of the electrolyte approaches its freezing point.
  • Figure 4 shows the effect on electrolyte temperature of a larger battery of various heaters switched on at 1100s in order to attempt to maintain output to 2000s, this not being possible without a heater due to electrolyte freezing at 352°C, which is seen to commence at about 1750s. It is seen that a 502 heater is sufficient to maintain the electrolyte above freezing, more powerful heaters causing unnecessary current drain and even overheating. The effect of this on output is seen in Figure 5, showing that heavy pulses can be obtained from the battery at high voltage up to 2000s with a 502 heater, and the effect of current drain with the other heaters is quite clear.
  • the heater need not be in the form of a conductor formed on a substrate; it may be in the form of a wire coil, enclosed for example in mica and supported on a heat-resistant former and it may be appropriate in some applications for the heater to be located along the central hole of the battery rather than surrounding the electrolyte.
  • Other variations in the form of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La batterie thermique décrite contient une résistance chauffante sacrificielle (7) pouvant être reliée entre les bornes de la batterie et pouvant fonctionner de façon à maintenir l'électrolyte au-dessus de son point de congélation après la mise en marche de la batterie et aussi longtemps que la pile conserve sa capacité utile. La résistance chauffante peut se présenter sous la forme d'un film conducteur déposé sur un substrat thermorésistant ou sur une bobine de fil retenue sur un gabarit et peut être disposée soit à l'intérieur d'un arbre central de la batterie soit autour de la pile des éléments à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolation thermique (3) de la batterie. La résistance chauffante peut être connectée directement par voie électrique aux extrémités de la pile des éléments ou peut être connectée à elles indirectement via un appareil horaire interne ou externe destiné à être commuté en position de marche après l'écoulement d'une période prédéterminée à partir de la mise en fonctionnement et la résistance chauffante peut être régulée par thermostat.
EP89904166A 1988-03-25 1989-03-23 Ameliorations apportees a des batteries thermiques Withdrawn EP0406295A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8807217 1988-03-25
GB8807217A GB8807217D0 (en) 1988-03-25 1988-03-25 Improvements in thermal batteries

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0406295A1 true EP0406295A1 (fr) 1991-01-09

Family

ID=10634140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89904166A Withdrawn EP0406295A1 (fr) 1988-03-25 1989-03-23 Ameliorations apportees a des batteries thermiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0406295A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB8807217D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989009497A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9313437D0 (en) * 1993-06-30 1993-08-11 Smith Andrew W Pathogenicity sequences in helicobacter pylori
DE69509117D1 (de) * 1994-11-28 1999-05-20 Chartec Lab As VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR STEUERUNG DER BATTERIETEMPERATUR WaHREND DES AUF-/ENTLADENS
GB2493511B (en) * 2011-07-29 2018-01-31 Sondex Wireline Ltd Downhole energy storage system
US20220247015A1 (en) * 2019-07-12 2022-08-04 Ampcera Inc. Interally heatable battery, internally heatable battery system, internally heatable battery method, and electric vehicle comprising the same

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3649366A (en) * 1970-02-19 1972-03-14 Esb Inc Storage battery and heater therefor
US3775181A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-11-27 Broomfield Ryerson Res Corp Lithium storage cells with a fused electrolyte
US3823037A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-07-09 Atomic Energy Commission Implantable battery
GB2094527B (en) * 1977-12-05 1982-11-24 Gearhart Ind Inc Power source used in making measurements in an earth borehole
GB2081000B (en) * 1980-07-23 1984-01-18 Chloride Silent Power Ltd Controlling the temperature of eg sodium-sulphur batteries
DE3340882C1 (de) * 1983-11-11 1985-06-27 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Vorrichtung zur Temperaturkontrolle und zur Rekonditionierung von Batterien aus elektro-chemischen Einzelzellen
DE3427028A1 (de) * 1984-07-21 1986-01-23 Eckhard 6800 Mannheim Wagner Akkumulator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8909497A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1989009497A1 (fr) 1989-10-05
GB9020668D0 (en) 1990-11-21
GB2234625A (en) 1991-02-06
GB8807217D0 (en) 1988-04-27

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Legal Events

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19900919

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19930303