Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/09—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
  • Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to antistatic, synthetic two-component filaments of the core-shell type, in which both the core and the shell have an increased electrical conductivity.
• Core-sheath filaments with an electrically conductive core are already known from DEC-23 37 103.
• the conductive core of these filaments contains finely divided, electrically conductive carbon black in amounts of 15 to 50%.
• the sheath of these filaments is free from dispersed carbon black and other additives that increase conductivity and is therefore electrically non-conductive.
• sufficient electrical conductivity only arises when a relatively high electrical voltage is applied to them. Therefore, the antistatic effect of these known filaments does not meet the higher requirements, e.g. when used in clean room clothing.
• Filaments that contain carbon black dispersed over their entire cross-section are not only unsightly, but because of their low strength they are difficult to process further and also show poor wearing properties.
• the antistatic, synthetic two-component filaments according to the invention have a significantly improved property profile compared to the known antistatic filaments of the core-sheath type.
• the antistatic, synthetic two-component filaments according to the invention are those of the core-shell type, with a core of increased electrical conductivity; However, they are distinguished from the known ones in that their sheath also has an increased electrical conductivity.
• the core and sheath of the filaments according to the invention contain different conductivity additives. While the core consists of a synthetic polymer in which solid, electrically conductive particles are dispersed, the jacket consists of a thread-forming polymer, which contains an addition of known antistatic agents based on sulfonate or carboxylate groups, organic compounds with low diffusivity in the Contains polymer.
• the solid, electrically conductive particles of the core material preferably consist of conductive carbon modifications or of semiconductor materials known per se.
• Conductive carbon black or graphite can be considered as conductive carbon modifications.
• furnace black, oil furnace black or gas black, acetylene black, in particular their special, electrically highly conductive types can be used as conductive carbon black.
• high-conductivity carbon blacks such as e.g. the commercially available high conductivity carbon black (R) Printex XE2 from Degussa, Frankfurt (M).
• Semiconductor materials which are suitable in fine distribution to impart the desired conductivity to the core material of the filaments according to the invention are, for example, n- or p-doped metal oxides.
• Electrically conductive materials based on metal oxides consist of mixed oxides in which an oxide component of a metal which is present in a smaller or smaller amount with a different valence or with a different ion radius is built into the crystal lattice of the main component.
• Examples of such mixed oxides are nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide or manganese oxide, doped with lithium oxide; Zinc oxide doped with aluminum oxide; Titanium oxide doped with tantalum oxide; Bismuth oxide doped with barium oxide; Iron oxide (Fe2O3) doped with titanium oxide; Titanium barium oxide (BaTiO3) doped with lanthanum or tantalum oxide; Chromium-lanthanum oxide (LaCrO3) or manganese-lanthanum oxide (LaHnO3) doped with strontium oxide or chromium oxide doped with magnesium oxide.
• the above list is by no means exhaustive. Numerous other known mixed oxides are suitable, but also other known compounds with electrical semiconductor properties, e.g. those based on metal sulfides.
• a preferred solid semiconductor material which can impart the desired electrical conductivity to the core material of the filaments according to the invention in finely divided form is e.g. antimony or iodine-doped tin oxide.
• the electrically conductive particles dispersed in the core of the electrically conductive filaments according to the invention have an average particle size, which is expediently below 5 ⁇ m for "textile" filament titers.
• the conductive particles preferably have an average particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m, in particular less than 0.3 ⁇ m.
• the amount of conductive particles contained in the core polymer depends on the requirements placed on the conductivity of the filament and on the nature of the conductivity additive.
• Conductive carbon modifications are dispersed in the core of the filaments according to the invention in a quantity of 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight, in particular 8 to 15% by weight, in fine distribution.
• Semiconductor materials e.g. the abovementioned ones based on doped metal oxides are contained in the core in an amount of 60-80% by weight, preferably 65-75% by weight.
• the antistatic contained in the sheath of the filaments according to the invention has sulfonate or carboxylate groups, ie salts of sulfo or carboxyl groups.
• the nature of the salt-forming metal is of minor importance in principle. However, preference is given to sulfonates or carboxylates which have a mono- or divalent metal, preferably an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. Of the two salt-forming groups mentioned, the sulfonic acid group and thus the sulfonates are particularly preferred.
• the organic compounds containing the sulfonate or carboxylate groups should diffuse as little as possible in the sheath polymer of the filaments according to the invention.
• One way of keeping the diffusion of these antistatic additives low is to use compounds which have a long-chain polyether or alkyl radical which has 8 to 30 C atoms in its chain.
• Compounds which contain an alkyl chain having 8 to 30, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
• Particularly preferred as antistatic agents for the sheath polymer of the filaments according to the invention are alkanesulfonates with the chain lengths mentioned above, in particular their sodium or potassium salts.
• the polymers used for the core and the sheath of the two-component filaments according to the invention can be the same or different. With regard to the functions of core and jacket, it has proven to be advantageous to use different materials that can be optimally adapted to the desired function.
• the sheath is expediently made of a polymer which imparts the desired textile properties, in particular strength and further processability, to the two-component filament according to the invention, while the core must guarantee the permanent electrical conductivity of the material, i.e. that it must maintain its continuity during all further processing steps of the filament and must have an optimal carrying capacity for the dispersed solid semiconductor material. It is not essential for the core that the polymer can be spun into threads on its own and therefore no thread-forming polymer has to be used for this. On the other hand, the use of thread-forming polymers for the core material is generally advisable.
• a polymer for the core of the two-component filaments according to the invention which has a lower melting point than the polymer of the sheath.
• the melting point difference should be at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 40 ° C.
• the polymer of the core consists of polyethylene or polyamide 6 or of a copolyamide or a copolyester, the co-components of which are selected in a manner known per se so that the desired melting point difference is obtained.
• suitable polymers for the core of the filaments according to the invention are block copolymers with hard and soft segments, e.g. Block polyether esters or other polyalkylenes such as e.g. rel. low molecular weight polypropylene.
• High-molecular polymers in particular polyesters or polyamides, are particularly suitable as the material for the sheath of the two-component filaments according to the invention, which preferably determines the textile properties of the filament material.
• Particularly advantageous properties have two-component filaments according to the invention, whose sheath consists of polyesters, preferably of polyethylene terephthalate.
• the volume fraction of the core in the total filament according to the invention is 2 to 50, preferably 5 to 20%.
• the sheath of the antistatic filaments according to the invention can also contain other additives customary in synthetic fibers, such as e.g. Matting agents or pigments, contained in the usual amounts.
• the sheath of the filaments according to the invention contains a matting agent which prevents or reduces the shining through of the core, which may be colored due to its added conductivity.
• the amount of matting agent is chosen so that the desired effect is achieved.
• a preferred matting agent is titanium dioxide, which can usually be present in the filament sheath in proportions of 0.5 to 3% by weight.
• the electrically conductive two-component filaments according to the invention are produced by first producing a core material by homogeneously mixing in a finely divided form or preparation, e.g. a powder or a user-friendly powder preparation in granular or pearl form, one of the abovementioned electrically conductive materials in a first polymer material that a jacket material is produced by homogeneously mixing in one of the abovementioned antistatic agents based on an organic compound containing sulfonate or carboxylate groups and, if appropriate, other conventional additives into a second polymer material, wherein the first and the second polymer material can also be identical in that the prepared core and sheath materials are spun out from a known spinning arrangement for core-sheath filaments, the volume fractions of core and sheath material spun out in the time unit in a ratio of 2:98 to 1: 1.
• a core material by homogeneously mixing in a finely divided form or preparation, e.g. a powder or a user-friendly
• filaments with different degrees of orientation and thus different mechanical properties such as Tear resistance, extensibility, initial modulus, preserved.
• the filaments, as they are spun already have a high degree of orientation and thus good mechanical and textile technology quality.
• This stretching takes place in the range from 5% above the natural stretching ratio to 95% of the maximum stretching ratio, preferably in a ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 5, in particular from 1: 3 to 1: 4.
• the filaments can, if desired, also be subjected to a conventional fixing treatment, a shrinkage of 0 to 8%, preferably 0 to 4 l, being generally permitted during the fixing or immediately thereafter.
• the drawing and fixing temperatures are adapted to the processed fiber material in a known manner.
• the drawing temperature is usually in the range from 40 to 200 ° C., preferably from 40 to 160 ° C., while the fixing treatment is carried out in the temperature range from 100 to 240 ° C.
• the filaments produced in this way can then be further processed into textile products in any known manner.
• the filaments can be combined to form continuous yarns and, if necessary, textured in the usual way, for example by blow texturing, by a false twist process or by further stretch texturing, or the spun filaments can be subjected to compression crimping before or after texturing, cut to staple fibers and secondary spun.
• Preference is given to further processing the electrically conductive filaments according to the invention into continuous yarns, which are then converted into the desired textile products in a manner known per se.
• the textile products produced from the electrically conductive two-component filaments according to the invention such as continuous yarn in textured or non-textured form, staple fiber yarn, but also intermediate forms such as cables or filament tapes, and those made from the filamentary materials sheet-like textile products are the subject of this invention.
• the electrically conductive filaments according to the invention surprisingly have good electrical conductivity even at low applied voltages, which has the consequence that only significantly lower electrical charges can result than with conventional filaments with an electrically conductive core.
• the electrical conductivity of the filaments according to the invention has a significantly better wash resistance than known filaments which are modified in a conventional manner with antistatic agents.
• the particularly advantageous conductivity behavior of the filaments according to the invention is supplemented by excellent textile technology properties.
• a core-sheath thread was spun from these two components using a bicomponent melt spinning unit at 265 ° C. from a 32-hole nozzle and spooled at 700 m / min.
• the volume fraction of the core was 10%.
• a core-sheath thread was produced from these two components as described in Example 1.
• Example 1 The antistatic jacket material from Example 1 was spun on the same bicomponent system, but no core material was added, so that a One-component thread was obtained, which was drawn as in Examples 1 and 2.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=6384904

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (17)

Family Cites Families (15)

• 1989
  • 1989-07-13 DE DE3923086A patent/DE3923086A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1990
  • 1990-07-10 ES ES90113145T patent/ES2076267T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-07-10 DE DE59009318T patent/DE59009318D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-07-10 EP EP90113145A patent/EP0407960B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-07-10 AT AT90113145T patent/ATE124473T1/de active
  • 1990-07-12 BR BR909003334A patent/BR9003334A/pt unknown
  • 1990-07-12 CA CA002021011A patent/CA2021011A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-07-12 JP JP2185157A patent/JPH0345705A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-07-13 US US07/552,701 patent/US5213892A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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