EP0409207A2 - Dispositif pour le filage de fibres À¢me-gaine - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le filage de fibres À¢me-gaine Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP0409207A2
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: channel; plate; channels; core; nozzle
Prior art date: 1989-07-19
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP90113781A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP0409207A3 (en

EP0409207B1 (fr

Inventor

Gunter Gossens

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung

Uhde Inventa Fischer AG

Original Assignee

EMS Inventa AG

Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1989-07-19

Filing date

1990-07-18

Publication date

1991-01-23

1990-07-18 Application filed by EMS Inventa AG, Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung filed Critical EMS Inventa AG

1991-01-23 Publication of EP0409207A2 publication Critical patent/EP0409207A2/fr

1991-08-21 Publication of EP0409207A3 publication Critical patent/EP0409207A3/de

1995-09-27 Application granted granted Critical

1995-09-27 Publication of EP0409207B1 publication Critical patent/EP0409207B1/fr

2010-07-18 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

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Classifications

- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/06—Distributing spinning solution or melt to spinning nozzles
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

the invention relates to a device for spinning core-sheath fibers from different fiber-forming materials, with a distributor plate with channels for feeding the materials and with a spinneret plate with pre-channels and nozzle capillaries.
Core-sheath fibers and yarns are state of the art today. They consist of two or more fiber-forming materials, mostly of polymers of different types or similar materials with different properties, at least one of which forms the core and at least one forms the jacket. Perfect, concentric structures are aimed for, mostly for spinning technology reasons.
Core-sheath fibers have a variety of properties, some of which are mentioned below as examples: - high-quality, for example mechanical properties in the core material combined with a light-melting, slightly adhesive jacket, - special, eg additive-related properties in the core, eg flame resistance and load-bearing strength in the jacket, - important processing or use advantages due to opposing properties in the core and shell.
Devices for spinning core-sheath fibers consist of the necessary separate feed lines for the different fiber-forming materials up to each of a large number of nozzle capillaries for thread formation from a plurality of complicated individual parts, which are usually only complex to produce.
the polymer forming the core is formed by tubular organs which are located in the extended pre-channels of the capillary bores of the nozzle plate protrude into the material forming the jacket.
the device is constructed from two plates, the lower one of which represents a nozzle plate with narrow nozzle capillaries and pre-channels widened on the inlet side, while the tube above which the tubes protrude freely into the pre-channels of the nozzle plate are embedded, the arrangement pattern being chosen so that all of them
the tubes should be as concentric as possible in the pre-drilled holes.
a cavity is provided between the two plates, through which the material forming the thread jacket flows to the nozzle pre-channels.
the main disadvantage of the nozzle type described lies in the fact that it is not possible with simple means to position the tubes exactly concentrically over the life of a nozzle.
the result of this is a disruptive effect that spins core-sheath fibers with viscosity differences between the core and sheath in some of the individual fibrils, causing the emerging fibers to kink so severely that they stick to the nozzle plate and lead to production problems.
the cause of the kinking is due to the fact that both textile materials, each of which takes up part of the common flow cross-section, are subject to the same pressure conditions, which force them to have different flow behavior according to their different viscosities. In this way, the low-viscosity component flows faster, which at the same time reduces its flow cross-section.
the speeds are equalized again and the substances take up the cross-sectional proportion corresponding to their volume fraction.
This adjustment of the speeds is, however, delayed according to the laws of inertia, so that the low-viscosity component initially moves even faster than the higher-viscosity one after it emerges from the nozzle capillary. If both components are arranged asymmetrically or eccentrically in cross-section, this results in the curvature of the freely emerging liquid jet which is observed as kinking.
the location of the centers of the pre-channels of the known device is subject to the known inevitable manufacturing tolerances.
the actual position of the tubes in relation to the centers of the pre-channels is therefore influenced by the multi-link tolerance chain described above and is superimposed by curvatures of the tubes, which are particularly evident after long use of a spinning device.
curvatures are e.g. T. production-related, but arise particularly from stress during cleaning and voltage equalization after multiple heating in operation and for cleaning. If the manufacturing outlay for core-shell spinning systems should remain within economically justifiable limits, tolerances that are not too narrow can be selected. With a large number of nozzle bores, a proportion of capillaries is therefore always to be expected, in which the addition of the tolerances and curvature-related deviations leads to spinning disorders. This has been confirmed as a fact in extensive spinning tests.
European patent application 0 284 784 describes a nozzle package of a bicomponent spinning device in which the tubes are replaced by coherent, entire rows of lamellae passing through the nozzle pre-channels. This alleviates the problem of centricity as well as filigree and the resulting sensitivity. Nevertheless, tolerance-related dislocations occur between the core and the shell-forming elements.
the cylindrical shell-shaped melt feed to the central channel takes up more space than is required for a simple nozzle bore. 35
the separate melt feed leads to uneven sheath thickness and thus to the annoying "kneeling".
the invention has for its object to provide a device that the spinning of multi-component fibers from at least two different melted or dissolved polymers with different viscosity with precisely shaped fibril cross-section, in particular of concentric core-shell fibers with great accuracy with respect to the center of the core in the jacket, as well as derived, related cross-sectional structures, with an increased number of spinning capillaries per cm2 area of the spinneret under the same production conditions as are known for single-component fibers.
a front plate is arranged between a distributor plate and a spinneret plate, and that specially arranged channels for the jacket material and channels for the core material are formed in the front plate.
the invention accordingly relates to a device for spinning fibers from molten or dissolved material, preferably from synthetic polymers, in particular for fiber fibrils with cross-sectional structures which are formed from at least two polymers of different properties, which are preferably composed in precisely concentric core-shell arrangements.
a special embodiment of the device according to the invention essentially consists of the known basic structure of a spinning device for multicomponent fibers of the side-side type, as described for example in CH-PS 401 346, consisting of a spinneret plate and a distributor plate, between which, according to the invention, a thin one Front plate is arranged.
the various polymers forming the thread are guided in initially separate channels until they enter the extended preliminary channels of the nozzle openings, the core / shell structure being preformed.
the pre-channels preferably have circular cross-sections which are flared on the inlet side, and the polymers from the previously separated feed channels unite within the pre-channels, the core-shell structure being preformed so that the two laminar-flowing polymers together, in core-shell shaped cross-sectional arrangement flow through the enlarged pre-channels compared to the nozzle openings and finally exit together through narrowing the cross-section through the nozzle openings without mixing, so that the preformed structure is retained.
the nozzle openings can have a circular or any cross-section.
the core can also be hollow.
the convertibility of a known device for spinning fibers of the side-to-side type to a device for spinning fibers of the core-sheath type and vice versa is given by installing or removing the front plate.
An annular channel, which forms the fribril shell, and a central channel, which lies within the latter and which forms the core, are formed in the front plate.
the annular channel is preferably produced by means of a rotating tool, it being irrelevant whether it is a cutting tool or an erosion electrode or alternately both. It is thereby achieved that the width of the ring channel has the absolute constancy which is decisive for the desired concentricity of the core and shell structure over its entire circumference.
the ring channel and the central channel are with the top and the polymer guide channels opening there through further feed channels incorporated into the front plate connected.
These can have the shape of bores or grooves, for example, the grooves extending over entire rows or circles of channel systems, wherein they cut each ring channel at two points along its circumference.
the entire channel system does not require a larger space and in particular the ring channel for preforming the jacket has a smaller outside diameter than the extended pre-channel in the nozzle plate, at least at the transition to the spinneret plate. In this way, significantly higher capillary densities per m2 of nozzle area can be achieved compared to the prior art.
the ring width of the ring channel is the same over its entire circumference, which can be achieved by using rotating tools.
the device according to the invention achieve production performances such as for one-component fibers.
production performances such as for one-component fibers.
an industrially tested version with far more than 2000 nozzle capilla achieve throughputs of over 2 kg per minute with excellent quality.
the device according to the invention an arrangement density of spinning capillaries that is the same as that in nozzle plates for spun threads from only one component, which is determined only by the minimally required prechannel diameter and the minimum division that cannot be undershot for reasons of strength, is possible.
the ring channels according to the invention and the connecting channels generally do not take up any space that extends beyond the periphery of the expanded preliminary channels.
the device according to the invention can therefore be easily integrated into spin packs of known devices and in any case achieves considerably greater capillary densities, preferably more than 10 per cm 2 of nozzle area, than devices according to US Pat. No. 4,052,146.
FIG. 1 shows a section through a device 10 for spinning core-sheath fibers made of different fiber-forming materials, a front plate 16 being arranged between a spinneret plate 12 and a distributor plate 14.
a plurality of nozzle capillaries 18 are formed in the spinneret plate 12, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1.
Each of the capillaries 18 has a preliminary channel 20, the clear width of which is a multiple of the clear width of the nozzle capillaries 18.
the upper end 22 of the preliminary channel 20 is flared.
guide channels 24, 26 are formed for two different fiber-forming materials. The material for the jacket is fed through the guide channel 24 and the material for the core is fed through the guide channel 26.
corresponding channels are formed in the front plate for guiding and shaping the materials for the jacket and the core.
An annular channel 28 for the jacket material is connected via a groove as the feed channel 30 to the guide channel 24 in the distributor plate 14.
a central channel 32 is formed approximately concentrically to the ring channel 28 and is connected to the guide channel 26 in the distributor plate 14 via a supply channel 34.
the outside diameter of the ring channel 28 is somewhat smaller than the entry width 22 of the pre-channel 20 in the nozzle plate 12. As a result, tolerances-related displacements Z can be accepted. It is possible to design nozzle plates with an increased density of nozzle capillaries per unit area, since no larger space is required to feed the materials for the jacket and the core in the front plate than for the conically expanded preliminary channel in the nozzle plate.
FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, with the difference that in a front plate 40 between the nozzle plate 12 and the distributor plate 14, the material for the jacket guided through the guide channel 24 via at least two feed channels 42 Ring channel 44 is fed. The material for the core is again fed from the guide channel 26 via a feed channel 46.
the elements of the device i.e. the distributor plate 14, the front plate 40 and the nozzle plate 12 exactly drawn to each other. In practice, a certain tolerance-related offset Z according to FIG. 1 is always to be expected.
FIG. 3 shows a section through a fiber 52 which was spun with the aid of the device according to FIG. 1 or 2.
a core 56 is received in a ring 54, which is to be regarded as a jacket. Ring 54 and core 56 are arranged concentrically to one another.
distributor plate 14 and nozzle plate 12 are designed like the corresponding elements of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
a front plate 60 arranged between the distributor plate 14 and the nozzle plate 12 is formed with an annular channel 62 which extends over at least a feed channel 64 is connected to the guide channel 24 in the distributor plate 14 (cf. FIG. 2).
a central channel 66 is formed in the front plate concentrically with the ring channel 62 and extends through the entire front plate 60. This central channel 66 is thus connected both to the guide channel 24 and to the guide channel 26 in the distributor plate 14.
the core-cladding fiber 70 produced with the device according to FIG. 4 and shown in cross section in FIG. 5 has a cladding 72 which consists of a semicircle 74 and an annular arc 76 connected to it. Enclosed by the annular arch 76 is the core 78, which is semicircular in cross section.
FIG. 6 shows a device 80 for spinning core-sheath fibers from three different fiber-forming materials, consisting of a nozzle plate 12, which is designed like the nozzle plates according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, a distributor plate 82 and a front plate 84 Three guide channels 86, 88 and 90 are formed in the distributor plate 82, the guide channels 86 and 90 being provided for guiding material for the jacket and the guide channel 88 for guiding the material for the core.
An annular channel 92 is formed in the front plate 84, which is connected to the guide channel 86 via a groove as the feed channel 94 and to the guide channel 90 in the distributor plate 82 via a groove as the feed channel 96.
a central channel 98 is formed concentrically with the annular channel 92 in the front plate 84 and is connected to the guide channel 88 in the distributor plate 82 via a stepped feed channel 100.
the fiber spun with the device 80 according to FIG. 6 is shown in cross section in FIG. 7.
the fiber 102 consists of a jacket 104, which is composed of two semicircular arches 106 and 108, which can be made of different materials.
a core 110 is enclosed in the interconnected ring halves 106 and 108.
the material of the ring bow 106 is fed into the nozzle plate 12 via the guide channel 86, the groove as the feed channel 94 and the ring channel 92 and the material for the ring bow 108 of the fiber 102 via the guide channel 90, the groove as the feed channel 96 and the ring channel 92, to exit the nozzle capillaries 18 from the nozzle capillaries 18, including the material for the core 110 fed through the guide channel 88, the feed channel 100 and the central channel 98.
FIG. 8 shows a device 120 for spinning core-sheath fibers from three different fiber-forming materials, consisting of a nozzle plate 12, in which pre-channels 20 and nozzle capillary 18 are formed, from a distributor plate 124 and a front plate 122.
the distributor plate 124 corresponds 6 and there are two guide channels 126 and 128 for guiding the material for the core and one guide channel 130 for the material for the sheath of a core-sheath fiber.
an annular channel 132 is formed, which is connected to the Guide channel 130 in the distributor plate 124 is connected.
a central channel 136 is formed concentrically with the ring channel 132 and communicates with the guide channels 126 and 128 in the distributor plate 124 via inclined supply channels 138 and 140.
the fiber 142 spun with the device 120 is shown in cross section in FIG. 9.
the fiber 142 consists of a jacket 144 which is circular in cross section and in which a core composed of two halves 146 and 148 which are semicircular in cross section is accommodated.
the material of the core halves 146 and 148 has different properties, i.e. different core polymers can be spun with the material of the shell.
FIG. 10 shows a section of a front plate 150 in which an annular channel 152 and an approximately concentrically arranged central channel 154 are formed.
the ring channel 152 is connected to the surface of the front plate 150, which in the installed state rests against a distributor plate, via a groove as the feed channel 156.
a supply channel 158 is formed for the approximately concentric central channel 154.
the ring channel 152 is produced using a rotating tool 160, so that a ring channel with a constant width can be produced.
the rotating tool can be cutting or an erosion electrode.
FIG. 11 to 14 show views of the undersides of various front plates.
FIG. 11 shows a front plate 170 analogous to FIG. 6 with an annular channel 172, from which the grooves of the feed channels 174 and 176 as well as the central channel 178 and its feed channel 180 are visible from the surface which is in contact with the distributor plate when the front plate is installed .
FIG. 12 shows the underside of a front plate 190 (from FIG. 2) with an annular channel 192, which is connected to guide channels of a distributor plate via feed channels 194 and 196 which are circular in cross section.
a central channel 198 for the core material, which is guided through the front plate 190, is arranged approximately concentrically to the ring channel 192.
FIG. 13 shows the underside of a front plate 200 (analogous to FIG. 1), in which a groove as feed channel 204 is guided to an annular channel 202, through which the jacket material is guided from the distributor plate into the annular channel 202.
a central channel 206 for the core material is formed concentrically to the ring channel 202 and is connected to a guide channel in the distributor plate via a feed channel 208 which is circular in cross section.
FIG. 14 shows the underside of a front plate 210 (analogous to FIG. 8) with an annular channel 212, which is connected via a groove as the supply channel 214 to one or two separate guide channels in a distributor plate for supplying the material for the jacket.
a central channel 216 is formed approximately concentrically to the ring channel 212 and communicates with corresponding guide channels in a distributor plate via two supply channels 218, 220 in order to supply materials for the core of a fiber.
the front plates are fixed to the distributor plates and the spinneret plates using dowel pins. Neither the front plate nor the distributor and spinneret plates have any toothing, so that the production and arrangement of the plates can be carried out simply and economically.

Landscapes

Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Textile Engineering (AREA)
Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

EP90113781A 1989-07-19 1990-07-18 Dispositif pour le filage de fibres âme-gaine Expired - Lifetime EP0409207B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE3923923		1989-07-19
DE3923923		1989-07-19
DE3928740		1989-08-30
DE3928740		1989-08-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP0409207A2 true EP0409207A2 (fr)	1991-01-23
EP0409207A3 EP0409207A3 (en)	1991-08-21
EP0409207B1 EP0409207B1 (fr)	1995-09-27

Family

ID=25883207

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP90113781A Expired - Lifetime EP0409207B1 (fr)	1989-07-19	1990-07-18	Dispositif pour le filage de fibres âme-gaine

Country Status (10)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP0409207B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JPH0351308A (fr)
KR (1)	KR0153255B1 (fr)
CN (1)	CN1023614C (fr)
AT (1)	ATE128494T1 (fr)
DE (2)	DE4022898A1 (fr)
DK (1)	DK0409207T3 (fr)
ES (1)	ES2077611T3 (fr)
IE (1)	IE71668B1 (fr)
PT (1)	PT94765B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN109023561A (zh) *	2018-10-26	2018-12-18	青岛科技大学	一种批量制备核壳结构纤维的静电纺丝装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE4224652C3 (de) *	1991-08-06	1997-07-17	Barmag Barmer Maschf	Spinnvorrichtung zum Schmelzspinnen insbesondere thermosplastischer Mehrkomponentenfäden
DE4137310A1 (de) *	1991-11-13	1993-05-19	Akzo Nv	Gittermatte
DE10138177A1 (de) *	2001-08-03	2003-02-13	Rieter Ag Maschf	Herstellverfahren für ein Filamentgarn aus mehreren Komponenten sowie Vorrichtung zum Spinnen eines solchen Garns sowie Garn nach dem Herstellungsverfahren
CN102102230B (zh) *	2010-12-31	2013-05-01	中国纺织科学研究院	一种复合挤出模头
CN102206881A (zh) *	2011-05-27	2011-10-05	东华大学	一种用于生产三组分皮芯型纤维的装置
CN104762675A (zh) *	2015-04-23	2015-07-08	宁波斯宾拿建嵘精密机械有限公司	一种方便维修的喷丝板
CN106192034A (zh) *	2016-09-20	2016-12-07	哈尔滨工业大学	一种海岛纺丝喷丝组件及利用其制备超细碳纤维的制备方法
CN111850736A (zh) *	2019-04-30	2020-10-30	东华大学	导电纤维、喷丝组件及其制备方法
CN113235178B (zh) *	2021-06-03	2022-08-02	四川亿耐特新材料有限公司	一种双组分喷丝组件
CN116905103A (zh) *	2023-04-12	2023-10-20	江苏立新化纤科技有限公司	一种双组份皮芯喷丝组件

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
NL301748A (fr) *	1962-12-22
US3316589A (en) *	1962-12-31	1967-05-02	Du Pont	Apparatus for producing composite filaments
US3315021A (en) *	1964-06-19	1967-04-18	Snia Viscosa	Process for the production of crimpable composite synthetic yarns
GB1173817A (en) *	1966-05-28	1969-12-10	Asahi Chemical Ind	Manufacture of Conjugated Sheath-Core Type Composite Fibres
US4052146A (en) *	1976-11-26	1977-10-04	Monsanto Company	Extrusion pack for sheath-core filaments

1990
- 1990-07-18 DK DK90113781.0T patent/DK0409207T3/da active
- 1990-07-18 AT AT90113781T patent/ATE128494T1/de active
- 1990-07-18 DE DE4022898A patent/DE4022898A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-07-18 EP EP90113781A patent/EP0409207B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-18 DE DE59009707T patent/DE59009707D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-18 ES ES90113781T patent/ES2077611T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-18 IE IE261790A patent/IE71668B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-19 JP JP2189612A patent/JPH0351308A/ja active Pending
- 1990-07-19 PT PT94765A patent/PT94765B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-19 CN CN90104807A patent/CN1023614C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-19 KR KR1019900011176A patent/KR0153255B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN109023561A (zh) *	2018-10-26	2018-12-18	青岛科技大学	一种批量制备核壳结构纤维的静电纺丝装置
CN109023561B (zh) *	2018-10-26	2023-08-15	青岛科技大学	一种批量制备核壳结构纤维的静电纺丝装置

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
PT94765B (pt)	1997-12-31
ATE128494T1 (de)	1995-10-15
DK0409207T3 (da)	1996-02-05
ES2077611T3 (es)	1995-12-01
DE4022898A1 (de)	1991-03-07
DE59009707D1 (de)	1995-11-02
EP0409207A3 (en)	1991-08-21
IE71668B1 (en)	1997-02-26
CN1023614C (zh)	1994-01-26
JPH0351308A (ja)	1991-03-05
CN1049194A (zh)	1991-02-13
KR0153255B1 (ko)	1998-12-01
PT94765A (pt)	1992-03-31
IE902617A1 (en)	1991-02-27
KR910003167A (ko)	1991-02-27
EP0409207B1 (fr)	1995-09-27

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