EP0418409B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour éviter les influences climatiques de l'environnement sur les indicateurs automatiques d'incendie - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour éviter les influences climatiques de l'environnement sur les indicateurs automatiques d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0418409B1
EP0418409B1 EP89117327A EP89117327A EP0418409B1 EP 0418409 B1 EP0418409 B1 EP 0418409B1 EP 89117327 A EP89117327 A EP 89117327A EP 89117327 A EP89117327 A EP 89117327A EP 0418409 B1 EP0418409 B1 EP 0418409B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
fire
temperature
values
ambient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89117327A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0418409A1 (fr
Inventor
Helfried Dipl.-Ing. Lappe
Otfried Dipl.-Ing. Post
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Priority to DE58909561T priority Critical patent/DE58909561D1/de
Priority to EP89117327A priority patent/EP0418409B1/fr
Priority to ES89117327T priority patent/ES2081296T3/es
Priority to AT89117327T priority patent/ATE132642T1/de
Publication of EP0418409A1 publication Critical patent/EP0418409A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0418409B1 publication Critical patent/EP0418409B1/fr
Priority to GR950403659T priority patent/GR3018599T3/el
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for taking climatic environmental influences on automatic fire detectors of a fire alarm system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • analog detector measured values corresponding to the fire parameter are transmitted to the control center and processed and evaluated there, as is done in the known pulse detection technology with the principle of chain synchronization.
  • a high false alarm rate is particularly due to the fact that the response threshold of the fire detectors is changed by long-term influences such as component aging and sensor contamination. Long-term drifts in detector sensitivity were therefore compensated for by adjusting the detector idle value, so that an almost constant detector sensitivity is guaranteed.
  • Such a rest value tracking is described for example in DE-OS 31 27 324.
  • the sensitivity of today's automatic fire detectors is changed by climatic factors, such as changes in the ambient temperature, relative humidity and absolute air pressure, which represent environmental parameters.
  • climatic factors such as changes in the ambient temperature, relative humidity and absolute air pressure
  • the problem of the climatic influence on the detector sensitivity has hitherto been solved only incompletely, for example by means of temperature compensation measures in the electronic part of the detectors, ie a temperature drift of electronic components is compensated for.
  • Influences of environmental factors, such as air humidity and air pressure have so far only been taken into account for ionization detectors.
  • US-A-4,282,520 describes an ionization smoke detector which has two ionization chambers, a measuring chamber for the detection of smoke and a reference chamber which communicates with the atmosphere via an "air tube" (breathertube) is connected, but into which no smoke can enter.
  • This connection rapidly compensates for the air humidity and the air pressure between the interior of the reference chamber and the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the measured value of the ionization reference chamber is used to take into account the environmental variable, ie the measured value of the measuring chamber is compensated with the measured value of the reference chamber.
  • climatic environmental influences are taken into account, but no environmental parameters (air pressure, humidity, temperature) are measured and compensation values are determined from them.
  • a reduced detection sensitivity leads to a delayed response in case of damage fires or to the failure of the detector, e.g. in smoldering fires.
  • An increased detector sensitivity leads to an increased response to faults and deceptive variables and thus to an increased false alarm.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that the detector measured values, which are used to form alarm criteria, are cleaned of the disturbing environmental influences, the ambient temperature, the relative atmospheric humidity and the absolute air pressure in the area of the fire detector being measured and using a microcomputer with the aid of Algorithms or conversion tables the respective compensation values are calculated. It is expedient to convert the conversion tables for a respective fire detector type, for example an ionization detector or an optical smoke detector, in a climate chamber to be determined under the influence of temperature, humidity and air pressure and to be written into the designated read-only memory.
  • a respective fire detector type for example an ionization detector or an optical smoke detector
  • the compensation can either be carried out in the respective fire detector itself, or the compensation can be carried out in the fire alarm control panel.
  • the respective analog measured values of the environmental parameters are regularly transmitted to the control center.
  • the compensation of the environmental parameters in the fire detector has the advantage that a rest value adjustment carried out in the control center, as mentioned at the beginning, only has to take into account the long-term influences such as aging and contamination, but not those for the individual detector types and different locations different environmental influences.
  • the environmental parameter temperature can be recorded with a temperature sensor, the relative air humidity with a humidity sensor and the absolute air pressure with an air pressure meter, the respective individual signals being converted into a frequency-analog signal by means of an oscillator circuit, ie into one Frequency signal, the frequency of which corresponds to the value of the sensor signal in an analog manner.
  • the value of the respective environmental parameter and thus the compensation value are then determined from each of these frequency signals using a quartz-controlled time base counter and by means of the conversion or linearization tables.
  • the fire parameter and smoke density can be compensated with the ambient parameters temperature, humidity and air pressure in a smoke detector.
  • the fire parameter heat can be compensated with the ambient parameter air pressure and / or the relative air humidity, expediently the fire parameter heat is derived from the temperature measurement for the ambient temperature.
  • the compensated analog measured value or the analog measured values of the fire parameter and the environmental parameters are advantageously transmitted to the control center according to the pulse reporting method with the principle of chain synchronization, in order to be processed there accordingly.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with respect to a device in that a fire detector with its sensor for the fire parameter together with the sensors for detecting the ambient parameters, temperature, air humidity and air pressure forms a multi-sensor that the temperature sensor of a temperature-dependent resistor with a subsequent oscillator circuit is formed that the moisture sensor is formed by a variable capacitance with a downstream oscillator circuit, that the air pressure sensor is formed by a silicon pressure measuring bridge with a downstream amplifier and voltage-frequency converter, that the environmental characteristic sensors have a measurement data acquisition device and this a measurement variable linearization device, which is associated with at least one read-only memory, is connected downstream that the multi-sensor detector has a compensation circuit which contains the measurement signals of the fire parameter and the linearized environment parameter sizes (the compensation values for temperature, humidity and air pressure) are supplied, and that the compensation circuit is followed by a line connection which is connected to the signal line via an input / output circuit.
  • the measurement data acquisition device, the measurement variable linearization device, the read-only memory, the compensation circuit and the line connection can
  • a fire alarm system that works according to the pulse alarm principle is shown in principle. It has a central station Z to which the individual detectors M1 to Mn are connected in a chain-like manner via a two-wire (a, b) primary signal line ML.
  • the detectors on the line are e.g. polled once a second by the control panel for its respective detector measured value by the control panel briefly reducing the line voltage to zero and then increasing it to a query voltage.
  • the fire detectors respond in sequence with a current pulse and simultaneously switch the b-wire through to the next detector. Due to the chain synchronization principle used, the detectors of the line can be individually addressed from the control center. After each complete round, i.e. In this example, every second, the control panel compares the number of current pulses received with a target number stored in a read-only memory, which corresponds to the number of detectors connected to the detector line.
  • a line fault can be signaled in the event of inequality.
  • the analog measured values to be transmitted influence the response time of the detector with the help of a timer, i.e. the duration of the current pulse.
  • the analog measured variable is fed to the control center, which records the measured values, as a pulse modulated signal.
  • the response times for a detector are in the range of a few milliseconds.
  • the respective analog measured variables, which correspond to the pulse duration are measured in the control center, for example with a counter with a quartz-stable time base, and converted into digital measured values for further processing.
  • the digital measured values of all connected detectors on a line are available in the control center. They are then sent to a further processing unit as a serial data telegram.
  • a multiplicity of multisensor detectors MSM are connected to a detection line M, for example MSM1 to MSM8.
  • This multi-sensor detector is modified so that it works like a normal fire detector can be queried for the respective measured values according to the principle of pulse signaling technology. For example, with a multi-sensor detector MSM, first the smoke density R, then the temperature T, then the air humidity F and the air pressure L are measured. In principle, this means that in a multisensor detector MSM1, a smoke detector RM, a temperature detector TM, a moisture detector FM and an air pressure detector LM are connected in a chain-like manner and emit their respective analog detector measurement values when they are queried.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a moisture detector FM which has a moisture sensor FS with a downstream oscillator circuit OSZ.
  • the frequency-analog signal obtained in this way is measured with a measured value detection device ERF.
  • this frequency signal is switched to the input of a counter.
  • the counter reading is cached.
  • the measured variables are linearized in a measured variable linearization device LIN.
  • the determined meter readings serve as addresses for linearization tables, which were stored individually for each detector for environmental parameters in a read-only memory ROM during the calibration.
  • For the humidity detector there is a linearization table for the humidity sensor which describes the non-linear behavior between the relative humidity and the frequency.
  • the linearization tables also contain information about the tolerance of the frequency-determining components in addition to the characteristic data of the specific sensor. This measure ensures that the moisture detector secondarily transmits the measured relative air humidity linearly as a pulse-phase-modulated current pulse via the line connection LA and the detection line ML to the control center Z.
  • MSM1 as it is shown schematically in Fig. 2, first the measured value for the smoke density MWR, then the measured value for the temperature MWT, then the measured value for the relative humidity MWF and then the measured value for the (absolute) air pressure MWL is transmitted to the control center Z.
  • Fig. 4 it is shown using the example of a multi-sensor detector MSM1 that the compensation takes place in the detector itself. It is shown schematically there that a number of multisensor detectors MSM1 to MSMn are connected to the center Z via the two-wire (a, b) primary signal line ML.
  • the first multi-sensor detector MSM1 is shown in more detail as a block diagram.
  • the fire parameter smoke density RD is recorded with the smoke sensor RS.
  • the environmental parameters are recorded with the temperature sensor TS, the humidity sensor FS and the air pressure sensor LS.
  • a respective frequency-analog signal is generated with the help of oscillator circuits for the respective environmental parameter, which signal is measured with the detection device ERF with a quartz-controlled time base counter.
  • the respective linearized measured values for the ambient temperature T, the relative humidity F and the absolute atmospheric pressure L are determined via a downstream linearization table LIN, to which a read-only memory ROM is assigned, and are fed as a respective compensation value to the compensation device KOM, in which the analog measurement value for the smoke density MWD is compensated.
  • the compensated measured value for the smoke density KMWR i.e. the measured value, which has been cleaned of the environmental influences, is transmitted to the control center Z when queried via the line interface LA.
  • the undistorted measured values for the smoke density KMWR detected at the reporting location are processed in a known manner for alarm generation.
  • the invention therefore largely eliminates interferences resulting from environmental conditions, so that false alarms which arise due to environmental conditions are largely avoided.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour tenir compte d'influences climatiques ambiantes sur des avertisseurs (M1, M2, ...) automatiques d'incendie d'une installation d'alerte d'incendie, dans laquelle on traite et on exploite les valeurs analogiques de mesure d'avertisseurs, des grandeurs (BKG) caractéristiques d'un incendie, par exemple la densité (RD) optique de fumée, la chaleur (température T), la présence de flammes, pour former des conditions d'alerte et dans lequel on utilise des grandeurs caractéristiques (UKG) ambiantes, comme la température (T), l'humidité (F) de l'air, la pression (L) atmosphérique pour compenser les valeurs (BKG) de mesure de l'avertisseur,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on mesure, en plus des grandeurs (BKG) caractéristiques d'un incendie en continu la température (T) ambiante, l'humidité (F) relative de l'air et la pression (L) atmosphérique absolue dans la zone de l'avertisseur d'incendie, on calcule à partir de ces mesures par un micro-ordinateur les valeurs de compensation, par lesquelles on compense les valeurs (BKG) de mesure de l'avertisseur, à l'aide d'algorithmes ou de tableaux de conversion et on retraite les valeurs de mesure compensées de l'avertisseur pour former des critères d'alerte.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue la compensation dans l'avertisseur d'incendie lui-même ou dans le central de l'installation d'alerte incendie et on transmet régulièrement àla centrale, en plus de la valeur analogique de mesure de l'avertisseur, les valeurs analogiques de mesure des grandeurs caractéristiques ambiantes.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine les tableaux de conversion pour un type d'avertisseur d'incendie (par exemple avertisseur à ionisation ou avertisseur optique de fumée) dans une chambre conditionnée sous influence définie de la température, de l'humidité et de la pression atmosphérique et on enregistre ces tableaux dans des mémoires (ROM) mortes prévues à cet effet.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on détecte la grandeur caractéristique ambiante température (T) par un capteur (TS) de température, la grandeur caractéristique ambiante humidité (F) relative de l'air par un capteur (FS) d'humidité et la grandeur caractéristique ambiante pression (L) atmosphérique absolue par un capteur (LS) de pression atmosphérique, on convertit le signal d'un capteur au moyen d'un circuit (OSZ) oscillateur en un signal fréquentiel, dont la fréquence correspond à la valeur du signal du capteur et on détermine à partir de chacun de ces signaux fréquentiels par un compteur (ERF) de base de temps commandé par quartz et au moyen des tableaux (LIN) de linéarisation la valeur de la grandeur caractéristique ambiante considérée et ainsi la valeur des compensations.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on compense, pour un avertisseur de fumée, la grandeur caractéristique d'un incendie densité (MWR) optique de fumée par les grandeurs caractéristiques ambiantes température (T), humidité (F) relative de l'air et pression (L) atmosphérique absolue.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on compense, pour un détecteur de chaleur, la grandeur caractéristique d'un incendie chaleur (T) par la grandeur caractéristique ambiante pression (L) atmosphérique absolue et/ou humidité (F) relative de l'air, la grandeur caractéristique d'un incendie chaleur étant obtenue à partir de la mesure de la température (T) du détecteur (TS) de température.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on transmet à la centrale les valeurs de mesures analogiques compensées ou les valeurs analogiques de mesure des grandeurs caractéristiques d'un incendie et des grandeurs caractéristiques ambiantes suivant le procédé de signalisation par impulsions par le principe de la synchronisation en chaîne.
  8. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un avertisseur d'incendie forme, par son détecteur de la grandeur caractéristique d'un incendie conjointement avec les détecteurs des grandeurs caractéristiques ambiantes température (T), humidité (F) de l'air et pression (L) atmosphérique, un avertisseur (MSM) mufti-détecteur, le capteur (TS) de température est formé d'une résistance dépendante de la température et ayant en aval un circuit (OSZ) oscillateur, le capteur (FS) d'humidité est formé d'une capacité variable ayant en aval un circuit osciliateur (OSZ), le capteur (LS) de pression atmosphérique est formé d'un pont de mesure de pression sur du silicium, en aval duquel sont branchés un amplificateur et un convertisseur (VCO) tension/fréquence, il est branché en aval des capteurs (TS, FS ; LS) de grandeurs caractéristiques ambiantes un dispositif (ERF) de détection de données de mesure et en aval de celui-ci un dispositif (LIN) de linéarisation de grandeur de mesure, auquel est associée au moins une mémoire morte (ROM), l'avertisseur (MSM1) multidétecteur comprend un circuit (KOM) de compensation, auquel sont envoyés les signaux de mesure de la grandeur (MWR) caractéristique d'un incendie et les grandeurs (T, F, L) caractéristiques ambiantes linéarisées et il est branché en aval du circuit (KOM) de compensation un circuit (LA) pour lignes, qui est relié par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit entrée/sortie à la ligne (ML) primaire d'alerte.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les divers modules (ERF, LIN, ROM, KOM et LA) sont formés d'un micro-ordinateur (µR).
EP89117327A 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter les influences climatiques de l'environnement sur les indicateurs automatiques d'incendie Expired - Lifetime EP0418409B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE58909561T DE58909561D1 (de) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Berücksichtigung klimatischer Umgebungseinflüsse auf automatische Brandmelder
EP89117327A EP0418409B1 (fr) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter les influences climatiques de l'environnement sur les indicateurs automatiques d'incendie
ES89117327T ES2081296T3 (es) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Procedimiento y dispositivo para la consideracion de influencias ambientales climaticas sobre alarmas de incendio automaticas.
AT89117327T ATE132642T1 (de) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur berücksichtigung klimatischer umgebungseinflüsse auf automatische brandmelder
GR950403659T GR3018599T3 (en) 1989-09-19 1996-01-04 Method and device to avoid prevailing weather effects on automatic fire alarms

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89117327A EP0418409B1 (fr) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter les influences climatiques de l'environnement sur les indicateurs automatiques d'incendie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0418409A1 EP0418409A1 (fr) 1991-03-27
EP0418409B1 true EP0418409B1 (fr) 1996-01-03

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EP89117327A Expired - Lifetime EP0418409B1 (fr) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter les influences climatiques de l'environnement sur les indicateurs automatiques d'incendie

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EP (1) EP0418409B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE132642T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58909561D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2081296T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3018599T3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5172096A (en) * 1991-08-07 1992-12-15 Pittway Corporation Threshold determination apparatus and method
JPH06288917A (ja) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-18 Nohmi Bosai Ltd 煙式火災感知器
FR2723235B1 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-10-18 Lewiner Jacques Dispositifs de detection d'incendie comportant un capteur de correction
DE4428694C2 (de) 1994-08-12 1996-06-20 Wagner Alarm Sicherung Luftdruckkompensierte Branderkennungsvorrichtung und Verfahren
US6111512A (en) * 1997-03-13 2000-08-29 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Fire detection method and fire detection apparatus
JP3724689B2 (ja) * 1998-10-30 2005-12-07 ホーチキ株式会社 火災監視装置及び火災感知器
DE102004044094A1 (de) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-30 Hekatron Vertriebs Gmbh Ansaugender Brandmelder und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
EP1732049A1 (fr) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-13 Siemens S.A.S. Détecteur de feux ou de fumée à haute rejection de fausses alarmes
DE102006043867B4 (de) * 2006-09-19 2009-07-09 Novar Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Identifizierung eines Gefahrenmelders
DE102006055617A1 (de) * 2006-11-24 2008-05-29 Funa Gmbh Brandschutzsysteme für technische Anlagen
DE102010015467B4 (de) * 2010-04-16 2012-09-27 Winrich Hoseit Brandmelder zur Überwachung eines Raumes
DE102020212007B4 (de) 2020-09-24 2024-10-17 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Detektieren einer Ablagerung auf einem Sensorsystem und Sensorsystem
EP4109429A1 (fr) 2021-06-21 2022-12-28 Carrier Corporation Fonctionnement d'un système de détecteur d'incendie à aspiration

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US4282520A (en) * 1978-10-25 1981-08-04 Shipp John I Piezoelectric horn and a smoke detector containing same
US4254414A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Processor-aided fire detector
CH651688A5 (de) * 1980-06-23 1985-09-30 Cerberus Ag Verfahren zur uebertragung von messwerten in einer brandmeldeanlage und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.
US4857912A (en) * 1988-07-27 1989-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Intelligent security assessment system

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ATE132642T1 (de) 1996-01-15
ES2081296T3 (es) 1996-03-01
GR3018599T3 (en) 1996-04-30
DE58909561D1 (de) 1996-02-15
EP0418409A1 (fr) 1991-03-27

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