Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
  • A61D1/00—Surgical instruments for veterinary use
  • A61D1/02—Trocars or cannulas for teats; Vaccination appliances
  • A61D1/025—Vaccination appliances

Definitions

• the invention relates to a portable installation intended for pig vaccination.
• the first is the very high number of pigs to be vaccinated; vaccination, by injection with needle, is done either with restraint of the animals, which is costly in staff and in working time, or without restraint, which makes inoculation of the vaccine in good conditions uncertain.
• the second difficulty lies in the fact that the majority of vaccines are administered intramuscularly, at the level of the back of the pig.
• all parties involved in the pork sector and therefore, ultimately, the consumer are entitled to expect a quality product and therefore in particular the absence of any reaction abnormality in the tissues of the inoculated region. It must unfortunately be noted that this objective has not always been achieved.
• many observations have allowed to qualitatively determine the nature and the importance of these local reactions (P. Vannier - Recueil de Médecine Vcierinaire, 1986,162 (1), 37-44). This poor tolerance is especially remarkable with vaccines inactivated as an oily adjuvant, even if real progress has been made recently with this type of vaccine (Brun A. et al., 9th Congress IPVS Barcelona, Spain, July 15/18 1986).
• Needle-less injection devices have been known for a long time, the principle of which is administration by jet under very high pressure.
• the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks encountered during the vaccination of pigs by the usual techniques (method of administration and volume of the administered dose) using inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines, by providing an installation of vaccination which makes it possible to confer protection by vaccination at least equal to that of the previous processes, while ensuring a safety preserving the quality of food presentation and avoiding the contaminations parallel.
• Another objective of the invention is to provide an installation which also allows good vaccination rates.
• the subject of the invention is a portable installation for pig vaccination, in particular by the intradermal route, characterized in that it comprises an apparatus for administration by jet of doses of approximately 0.2 ml, connected to a supply of vaccine composition having the concentration corresponding.
• vaccine composition is meant either a single valency in its excipient, or a mixture of several valences in their excipient.
• the invention relates in particular to live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines.
• the supply of vaccine composition is preferably provided by the original bottle containing the vaccine in solution placed in the vicinity of the ejection head of the administration device.
• the installation has proved particularly suitable for vaccinating pigs against Aujeszky's disease and / or against swine flu.
• the vaccine compositions concerned by the invention are in particular the following: - Live attenuated vaccines in aqueous solution or in an oily adjuvant type solvent: vaccine against Aujezky's disease for example; it may possibly consist of viral subunits and / or not contain the GI glycoprotein. - Inactivated vaccines in oily adjuvant: vaccine against Aujeszky's disease (possibly in viral subunits and / or without the GI glycoprotein); swine flu vaccine. - Associated vaccines, in particular against swine flu and Aujeszky's disease.
• the portable type administration device comprises, in a housing provided with a handle, a chamber calibrated to 0.2 ml and a piston normally held in the retracted position in the chamber by a spring secured to said piston.
• the compression of the spring causes the piston to move and therefore the aspiration of the dose of vaccine from a reservoir or vial fixed on the housing.
• the release of the spring causes the piston to retract and the dose to be ejected.
• the device also includes a calibrated nozzle intended to calibrate the jet and a filtration device to avoid the injection of possible impurities.
• a calibrated nozzle intended to calibrate the jet and a filtration device to avoid the injection of possible impurities.
• a single nozzle one can thus provide a group of nozzles, for example five, slightly spaced from each other.
• the jet pressure at the outlet of the nozzle can be set at 100 bars.
• the vaccine used is a live attenuated vaccine prepared in aqueous adjuvant using the Alfort 26 strain (A. Brun, 10th Congress I.P.V.S. Rio de Janeiro, August 14/17, 1988).
• the dose volume is 0.2 ml and the titer per dose is greater than or equal to 105 DICC50.
• the vaccine can also be prepared using an oily solvent acting as an adjuvant.
• Experimental pigs weigh approximately 25 kg, without antibodies on the day of vaccination or from vaccinated mothers.
• test strain is the NIA3 strain (JB Mc FERRAN, International Symposium on Immunity to Infections of the Respiratory System in Man and Animals, London 1974. Develop. Biol. Standard., Vol. 28, p. 563-570 - Karger , Basel 1975) inoculated into pigs in a volume of 0.5 ml per nostril, representing approximately 10 7.3 DICC50.
• the antibodies are titrated by seroneutralization and expressed in base log 10.
• mice were vaccinated using the installation according to the invention inoculating under pressure 0.2 ml of vaccine intradermally. 3 unvaccinated control pigs remained in contact with the vaccinated animals. The animals underwent a virulent test 21 days after vaccination and blood samples are taken on days 0 and 21. The animals are weighed individually on the day of the test and 7 days after the test.
• a second experiment was carried out in breeding on pigs born to mothers vaccinated using an inactivated vaccine.
• the animals were vaccinated at the start of fattening, at the age of 10 weeks, in the same way as during the first experiment.
• 8 vaccinated pigs as well as 8 unvaccinated control pigs from the same farm and 9 control pigs with an Aujeszky antibody test have undergone a virulent test in the same way as during the first experiment.
• Vaccinated animals show little or no seroconversion after intradermal vaccination. Following the test, 1 control pig died of Aujeszky's disease and all control pigs showed a significant weight loss, on average of 5.6 kg, while the vaccinated pigs have an average weight gain 1.35 kg.
• the medical and sanitary prophylaxis of Aujeszky's disease involves the distinction between vaccinated and convalescent animals. This is possible thanks to the use of inactivated or attenuated vaccines for which one or more envelope glycoproteins have been eliminated from the virus. In this case, the suppression of the GI glycoprotein makes it possible to differentiate by serology pigs vaccinated with this type of vaccine, convalescent pigs.
• the GI vaccine is prepared from the Alfort 26 strain which does not contain the GI glycoprotein. The following tests were carried out intradermally with this vaccine.
• lyophilized vaccine was resuspended with a conventional solvent - water for injection.
• the lyophilized vaccine was resuspended with an oily adjuvant type solvent.
• the vaccinated animals were tested 19 days after booster vaccination with a group of unvaccinated control pigs.
• the post-trial protection criterion is the difference in relative daily average gain (GMQR) at day 7 after trial, between vaccinated and control pigs (C. Stellmann, Journal of Biological Standardization (1989), 17, 17-27), i.e. the ⁇ G7 index.
• Tables III and IV demonstrate the very good protection conferred by this vaccine inoculated intradermally using the installation according to the invention, in the form of two vaccine injections.
• the vaccine is prepared from a strain of pseudo-rabies virus free from GI and gp63.
• the strain is grown on BHK21 cells.
• the virus is then inactivated with ethyleneimine, purified and treated with polyoxyethylene alcohol so as to extract the envelope glycoproteins.
• the proteins in the capsule are removed by ultracentrifugation.
• the supernatant, which is recovered, is a concentrated solution of purified glycoproteins.
• Sensitive pigs are vaccinated intradermally using the installation according to the invention, in a single injection and tested at the same time as control pigs 21 days later.
• the protection criterion is identical to that of test 1.2.
• the viral envelope glycoproteins are adjuvanted using an oily-type adjuvant identical to that of test 1.2. Table V shows that the vaccinated pigs offer satisfactory protection.
• the purified inactivated vaccine of swine flu in oily adjuvant was controlled in pigs with injections 28 days apart using the installation according to the invention.
• the swine flu vaccine in a volume of 0.2 ml, in 2 injections using the installation according to the invention, gives satisfactory protection.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
• Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
• Executing Machine-Instructions (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Feeding And Watering For Cattle Raising And Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

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• 1989
  • 1989-09-26 FR FR8912566A patent/FR2652257B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1990
  • 1990-09-24 PT PT95395A patent/PT95395A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-09-25 ES ES199090402640T patent/ES2046743T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-09-25 EP EP90402640A patent/EP0420744B1/de not_active Revoked
  • 1990-09-25 CA CA002026115A patent/CA2026115A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-09-25 DE DE90402640T patent/DE69004915T2/de not_active Revoked
  • 1990-09-25 DK DK90402640.8T patent/DK0420744T3/da active
  • 1990-09-25 AT AT90402640T patent/ATE97794T1/de active
  • 1990-09-26 JP JP2256799A patent/JPH03242141A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (5)

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