EP0437262B2 - Verfahren zur präventiven Konsolidierung des Bodens beim Untertagebau - Google Patents

Verfahren zur präventiven Konsolidierung des Bodens beim Untertagebau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0437262B2
EP0437262B2 EP91100265A EP91100265A EP0437262B2 EP 0437262 B2 EP0437262 B2 EP 0437262B2 EP 91100265 A EP91100265 A EP 91100265A EP 91100265 A EP91100265 A EP 91100265A EP 0437262 B2 EP0437262 B2 EP 0437262B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
soil
rod
hollow
excavation
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91100265A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0437262A1 (de
EP0437262B1 (de
Inventor
Davide Trevisani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trevi SpA
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Trevi SpA
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a method for preventive stabilisation of the soil for underground minings by means of the so-called techinique of the protective umbrella, in particular for unstable kinds of soil.
  • the present techniques for the preventive stabilisation of underground minings in particularly unstable soil there is one known as the "protective umbrella", which consists of inserting into the soil arrays of steel tubes provided with nonreturn valves for executing injections of stabilising and consolidating mixtures, mainly cement grout.
  • the tubes are disposed like an umbrella, protecting the vault of an intended tunnel excavation so as to allow excavation of parts of it within a limited length.
  • the excavation of the parts of the tunnel is alternated with the execution of said umbrellas of steel tubes that is combined with the soil stabilising injections.
  • the technique that is normally used comprises a phase in which the soil is drilled with a temporary and recoverable steel tubular casing; in a second phase a steel tube is fitted inside the casing.
  • This tube is provided with holes at regular intervals and has elastic sleeves, in correspondence of each hole, that act as nonreturn valves when the stabilising mixtures are injected through the tube.
  • a following phase is that of the recovery of the provisory casing, after which a grout sheating is formed, having a controlled maximum compressive strength, for sealing the injecting tube into the soil.
  • the stabilising mixtures are injected into the soil, through the holes of the tube, breaking the sheating.
  • An alternative technique is to execute the provisory casing with the techiniques used for carrying out jet-grouting columnar treatments, that form columns of consolidated soil by injecting high pressurized grout mixtures by means of a tubular rod provided with nozzles for letting the mixture out and with a piercing bit that is made to rotate and is extracted and pushed into the ground with a controlled speed.
  • Traditional jet grouting is used to execute substantially vertical columns by drilling the soil by means of a hollow drill pipe having a piercing bit at its bottom end and a plurality of nozzles proximate thereto. After drilling operations are completed, grout injection is carried out in an ascending phase, beginning from the bottom of the borehole.
  • the jet grouting technique cannot be employed conveniently for executing substantially horizontal columns because problems arise if the grout feeding is interrupted due to drill pipe damages or substitution of parts.
  • the walls of the hole tend to collapse rather easily, owing to the fact that the grout in a substantially horizontal borehole cannot sustain the walls as it does in vertical boreholes.
  • the function of the consolidated columns is to temporarily sustain the soil above them while a tunnel is dug out underneath, the columns must be reinforced to resist shear and bending stresses that occur when archings are placed underneath them.
  • the metal reinforcement can be fitted only when the column is formed. Two alternative methods can be used:
  • Document JP-A-58-228558 discloses a method in which a borehole is excavated first, and after that, a planking pipe is installed in the hole. Then, a grout pipe with packings is inserted inside the planking pipe. The packings are then inflated and a grout is injected at low pressure through the grout pipe and discharge holes of the planking pipe so as to fill the space between the excavated hole and the planking pipe. Finally, the grout pipe is pulled off, and the planking pipe is filled with mortar. This method suffers from the above drawbacks, and is not suitable for high pressure grout injections.
  • Document JP-A-55-64395 relates to a method for executing vertical reinforcing concrete pillars by means of an apparatus that comprises a hollow grout delivering shaft having a bottom excavating blade.
  • the shaft is located inside a cylinder having a bottom agitating blade and both the shaft and the cylinder are rotated in opposite directions.
  • This method is not suitable for executing substantially horizontal columns that are required for tunnelling with the protective umbrella technique.
  • Document DE-A-3447872 disdoses a soil stabilising method for tunnelling in which a plurality of boreholes are obtained in the soil about an arc of a circle outlining a tunnel that has to be dug out.
  • a tube provided with valves and surrounded by a jute bag is slipped in each borehole, and an injection packer is inserted in each tube for injecting a fluid mixture that fills the bag, presses the walls of the borehole and infiltrates in the surrounding soil.
  • the fluid mixture in the bag and the portion that has penetrated in the soil consolidates and stabilises the soil. Also this method suffers from the same inconveniences as JP-A-58-228558, and is incompatible with high pressure grout injections.
  • a straight metallic hollow tube 1, preferably made out of steel, and a straight hollow rod 2 are used.
  • Said rod has a diameter that is smaller than the one of the tube 1 and a double rotary drilling unit, which is not shown in the figures, is used to rotate both the tube 1 and the rod 2.
  • the rod 2 is provided at one end with a boring tool indicated as a whole with 3 which comprises a traditional piercing bit 4 and near this there are nozzles that are distributed radially on the rod and that communicate with the outside.
  • a boring tool indicated as a whole with 3 which comprises a traditional piercing bit 4 and near this there are nozzles that are distributed radially on the rod and that communicate with the outside.
  • the tools that are hereby mentioned are not described in details, as they are traditional and already known.
  • the rod 2 In operating conditions, the rod 2 is slipped into the tube 1 and is kept coaxial with respect to the tube by the rotary drilling unit.
  • the boring tool 3 is positioned and kept outside the front end of the tube and is directed perpendicular to the soil that has to be stabilised.
  • the rod 2 and the tube 1 are both rotated by the rotary drilling unit for piercing the soil and proceed this way.
  • the rotary drilling head forces the rod 2 and the tube 1 to rotate at the same time but in the opposite directions of rotation. For example the rod 2 is rotated clockwise while the tube 1 is being rotated counter-clockwise.
  • the material that is excavated by the drilling operation is conveyed towards the outside through the annular hollow space 5 between the rod 2 and the inner annular surface of tube 1.
  • high pressurized liquid mixture is injected through the rod, removing the finest part of soil.
  • the mixture flows through the nozzles forming a column 6 of soil and grout mixture around the tube 1 that later on will stiffen.
  • the rod 2 When the right length of the column 6 is obtained, the rod 2 has to be pulled out of the tube 1 and taken away whereas the tube 1 may be left in the soil so to form columns of reinforced soil.
  • the tube 1 and the rod 2 are forced to advance and spin according to prefixed parameters in a direction substantially oblique compared with the level line so that columns are formed in such a way that they partially lie one over the other like the scales of a fish.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfaren zum stabilisieren des bodens zur Tunnelasschachtung durch Einbringen von Gruppen von Stahlrohren mit Ventilen in den Boden zum Injizieren von Zement in den Boden um die beabsichtigte Tunnelausschactung
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    ein hohles Rohr (1) an einer Ausschachtungsstelle angeordnet wird;
    eine hohle Stange (2) mit Düsen koaxial in dem hohlen Rohr (1) angeordnet wird, so daß ein ringförmiger Zwischenraum (5) zwischen der Stange (2) und dem Rohr (1) gebildet wird, wobei in die hohle Stange eine Bohrwerkzeug (3) an deren einem Ende eingesetzt wird;
    das hohle Rohr (1) und die hohle Stange (2) gedreht werden, um Material aus der Ausschactungsstelle mittels des Bohrwerkzeug (3) auszuschachten;
    ein Hochdruck-Flüssiggemisch durch die hohle Stange (2) in die Ausschachtungsstelle nahe dem Bohrwerkzeug (3) während der Drehung des hohlen Rohres (1) und der hohlen Stage (2) durch radial verteilten Düsen, gleichzeitig injiziert wird, so daß der Durchmesser der Ausschachtungsstelle verbreitet und der ein Teil des feinkörnigsten Anteils des ausgebaggerten Bodens aus der Ausschachtungsstelle über den ringförmigen Zwischenraum (5) entfernt wird, und das Flüssiggemisch mit dem verbleibenden Anteil des ausgeschachteten Materials vermischt wird, um eine erhärtende Säule (6) des Bodens und des Flüssiggemisches, um das Rohr (1) hinter dem Bohrwerkzeug während der Bohrvorgang in dem Boden, zu bilden; und
    eine Stange (2) aus dem hohlen Rohr (1), nach der Erreichung der gewünschten Länge der Säule (6), entfernt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    während des Ausschachtens das Rohr (1) und die Stange (2) gleichzeitig vorgerückt und in entgegengesetzten Richtungen gedreht werden.
EP91100265A 1990-01-11 1991-01-10 Verfahren zur präventiven Konsolidierung des Bodens beim Untertagebau Expired - Lifetime EP0437262B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT00330690A IT1238428B (it) 1990-01-11 1990-01-11 Procedimento per il consolidamento preventivo degli scavi di gallerie mediante la tecnica dell'ombrello protettivo
IT330690 1990-01-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0437262A1 EP0437262A1 (de) 1991-07-17
EP0437262B1 EP0437262B1 (de) 1994-07-27
EP0437262B2 true EP0437262B2 (de) 1998-01-14

Family

ID=11104658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91100265A Expired - Lifetime EP0437262B2 (de) 1990-01-11 1991-01-10 Verfahren zur präventiven Konsolidierung des Bodens beim Untertagebau

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0437262B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE109234T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69103027T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1238428B (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH089863B2 (ja) * 1991-08-14 1996-01-31 株式会社エヌ、アイ、テイ 全角度地盤改良体造成工法及びその装置
RU2468207C1 (ru) * 2011-04-05 2012-11-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт имени Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)" Способ крепления почвы горных выработок
CN104564113B (zh) * 2015-01-15 2016-08-17 山东科技大学 巷道围岩纤维浆液注浆加固的施工方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1208123B (it) * 1983-04-19 1989-06-06 Fondedile Spa Colonna in conglomerato realizzata nel terreno in situ mediante immissione di materiali inerti durante la perforazione e contemporaneao successiva iniezione con opportuni leganti, procedimenti di esecuzione relativi
CH665878A5 (it) * 1984-12-11 1988-06-15 Rodio Found Eng Ltd Procedimento per il consolidamento di terreno nello scavo di gallerie.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE109234T1 (de) 1994-08-15
DE69103027D1 (de) 1994-09-01
IT9003306A1 (it) 1991-07-12
EP0437262A1 (de) 1991-07-17
DE69103027T2 (de) 1994-11-17
DE69103027T3 (de) 1998-06-10
IT1238428B (it) 1993-07-26
EP0437262B1 (de) 1994-07-27
IT9003306A0 (it) 1990-01-11

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