EP0439336A2 - Temperaturausteilungsverbesserungen in Öfen - Google Patents

Temperaturausteilungsverbesserungen in Öfen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0439336A2
EP0439336A2 EP91300502A EP91300502A EP0439336A2 EP 0439336 A2 EP0439336 A2 EP 0439336A2 EP 91300502 A EP91300502 A EP 91300502A EP 91300502 A EP91300502 A EP 91300502A EP 0439336 A2 EP0439336 A2 EP 0439336A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln
firing means
ware
group
firing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91300502A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0439336A3 (en
Inventor
Arthur John British Ceramic Service C.L. Rowley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BRITISH CERAMIC SERVICE Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BRITISH CERAMIC SERVICE Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BRITISH CERAMIC SERVICE Co Ltd filed Critical BRITISH CERAMIC SERVICE Co Ltd
Publication of EP0439336A2 publication Critical patent/EP0439336A2/de
Publication of EP0439336A3 publication Critical patent/EP0439336A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns improvements in or relating to kilns, especially but not exclusively kilns for firing ceramic articles, for example sanitary ware.
  • the invention is not restricted to kilns of this type.
  • the ware for firing is generally supported within the kiln either on a fixed firing hearth or on one or more kiln cars which may be supplied to and removed from the kiln on suitable rails.
  • the term "ware supporting arrangement" used hereinafter is to be understood to refer to a fixed hearth or a kiln car or any other suitable support.
  • Improved temperature distribution has been achieved by the provision of a large number of relatively small output burners throughout the kiln.
  • these burners have been arranged on the kiln floor and adapted to fire through passages formed in the base of the kiln car.
  • Combustion air for the burners has been taken from the ambient air in the kiln and as a result of this it has been necessary to provide considerable air gaps in the kiln wall, normally by spacing the base of the kiln wall from the floor to provide a continuous gap.
  • a kiln intended to fire ware on at least one ware supporting arrangement accommodated within the kiln, including a multiplicity of firing means mounted on the kiln wall, characterised in that firing means constituting a first group are longitudinally spaced apart by a distance greater than the length of the or each ware supporting arrangement, and firing means constituting a second group are mounted below the lowest level at which ware is supported within the kiln.
  • the firing means of the first group are preferably arranged in positions along the kiln wall which correspond during use of the kiln to the positions of respective spaces adjacent to the ends of the or each ware supporting arrangement, between the ends of the or each outermost, ware supporting arrangement and the ends of the kiln for example.
  • the positions of the firing means of the first group may correspond to the positions of spaces between successive adjacent kiln cars.
  • the firing means of the first group are preferably arranged in a mutually staggered relationship on opposite waalls of the kiln.
  • a kiln adapted to accommodate two cars has firing means, of said first group, directed from one wall of the kiln into the space between the two kiln cars and from the other wall of the kiln into the respective spaces between the outermost ends of the kiln cars and the ends of the kiln.
  • the firing means of said second group are arranged in mutually staggered relationship on opposite walls of the kiln.
  • the firing means of the first group are longitudinally spaced with respect to the firing means of the second group.
  • the firing means of the first group comprises pairs of vertically spaced burner assemblies.
  • combustion air for the firing means is fed to the burners at elevated pressure from a source of compressed air arranged externally of the kiln and is precisely controllable.
  • the kiln is of substantially rectangular cross-section in plan, in end elevation and in side elevation and has entry and exit doors 10 at its opposite ends.
  • the walls of the kiln extend continuously from the floor to the roof so that when the kiln doors are closed the kiln interior is effectively sealed off from its surroundings.
  • the kiln is adapted to accommodate two kiln cars 12 in an end-to-end relationship, the cars 12 being supplied to the kiln and removed therefrom on rails 14, the kiln cars 12 are constructed so that when they occupy their firing position within the kiln a first space 16 is defined between the outermost ends of the stacks of ware 18 on the respective cars and insulation 20 on the inner face of the kiln doors 10.
  • a bat 22 on which the lowermost layer of the stack 18 of ware to be fired is supported is spaced above the upper surface of the kiln car chassis 24 by any appropriate means, for example, pillars (not shown).
  • Gas or oil burners are provided on each of the insulated longer walls 26 of the kiln. Each burner is provided with a separate fuel supply and controllable supply of compressed combustion air.
  • Two pairs of second burners 32 are arranged on the opposite wall 26(b) of the kiln with one burner of each pair vertically above the other and debouching into the respective spaces 16 between the outer ends of the stacks 18 of ware on the cars 12 and the kiln doors 10.
  • Each facing side wall 26 of the kiln carries further burners 34 located at a level below the level of the lower most burner of the first and second burners 30,32 described above.
  • the third burners 34 on one wall 26(b) are staggered with respect to the third burners 34 on the opposite wall 26(a) and debouch into the space 36 between the top of the kiln car chassis 24 and the lowermost bat 22 supporting the stack 18 of ware.
  • the chemical composition of the gas in the interior of the sealed kiln can be precisely controlled by controlling the air to fuel mixer at the burners, principally by controlling the supply of compressed air to each burner. This control can be especially precise thereby enabling close control of the chemical composition of the products of combustion within the kiln, and especially the oxygen content thereof.
  • Exhaust means in the form of two vents 38, normally connected to a source of reduced pressure, are provided in the insulated roof 40 of the kiln.
  • the present invention provides a high heat input which is well distributed throughout the kiln at locations which do not cause heat from the burners to impinge directly on the ware being fired.
  • the precise fuel/air mixture control also means that the chemical composition and particularly the oxygen content of the kiln atmosphere can be precisely controlled.
  • cooling of the ware prior to removal of the kiln cars, can be achieved in a controlled manner by supplying controlled amounts of cooling air through the burners, the cooled air, as a result of position in which it is introduced into the kiln and the location of the exhaust means on the roof of the kiln, passing over all of the ware in a manner readily and accurately controllable by the kiln operator.
  • the kiln can be adapted to accommodate a single kiln car or three or more kiln cars or fixed hearth.
  • the overall construction of the kiln, for example the location of its doors etc., may be altered according to the particular needs to be met.
  • each wall is provided with directly opposed burners.
  • the burners are in turn controlled by an external control arrangement which ensures that when one burner is firing the opposed burner is extinguished thereby giving the effect of the staggered arrangement of burners described above but the opportunity to alter the firing characteristics from side to side of the kiln.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
EP19910300502 1990-01-24 1991-01-23 Improvements of temperature distribution for kilns Withdrawn EP0439336A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB909001622A GB9001622D0 (en) 1990-01-24 1990-01-24 Improvements in or relating to kilns
GB9001622 1990-01-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0439336A2 true EP0439336A2 (de) 1991-07-31
EP0439336A3 EP0439336A3 (en) 1992-01-08

Family

ID=10669823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910300502 Withdrawn EP0439336A3 (en) 1990-01-24 1991-01-23 Improvements of temperature distribution for kilns

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0439336A3 (de)
GB (1) GB9001622D0 (de)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0522790Y2 (de) * 1987-02-14 1993-06-11
JPH0791113B2 (ja) * 1988-03-29 1995-10-04 日本碍子株式会社 セラミックスの焼成方法およびその方法に用いられる焼成道具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0439336A3 (en) 1992-01-08
GB9001622D0 (en) 1990-03-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0882204B1 (de) Ofenanordnung
US3854865A (en) Kiln for ceramic products
US4444557A (en) Continuous combustion furnace
US3314666A (en) Fast fire tunnel kiln
US4069010A (en) Kiln for ceramic products
EP0439336A2 (de) Temperaturausteilungsverbesserungen in Öfen
US3476368A (en) High temperature kiln
RU2045725C1 (ru) Способ обжига керамических изделий и устройство для его осуществления
US2856172A (en) Sectional continuous furnace-kiln
US5667378A (en) Low profile kiln apparatus
GB1490404A (en) Process and apparatus for baking ceramic products
US2839285A (en) Heat treatment furnaces
DK2778588T3 (en) Oven to burn unfinished ceramic pieces
US3024514A (en) Shuttle car kiln
US6267588B1 (en) Longitudinal continuous furnace applicable to construction ceramic material
US3669426A (en) Furnaces
US1330175A (en) Ring-furnace
US3336018A (en) Kiln and related apparatus
US1122879A (en) Brick-kiln.
US2988350A (en) Combustion apparatus
EP1004837A1 (de) Längsverlaufender kontinuierlicher ofen zur anwendung bei konstruktionskeramiken
US3169155A (en) Process and an apparatus for baking ceramic products
US2961732A (en) Preheating section for tunnel kiln and method
SU1239495A1 (ru) Туннельна печь
RU2346909C2 (ru) Способ обжига и обжиговая печь для керамических изделий

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19920709