EP0444099A1 - Dispositif anti-condensation pour miroir - Google Patents

Dispositif anti-condensation pour miroir

Info

Publication number
EP0444099A1
EP0444099A1 EP19890913016 EP89913016A EP0444099A1 EP 0444099 A1 EP0444099 A1 EP 0444099A1 EP 19890913016 EP19890913016 EP 19890913016 EP 89913016 A EP89913016 A EP 89913016A EP 0444099 A1 EP0444099 A1 EP 0444099A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mirror
condensation device
mirror assembly
assembly according
bathroom
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19890913016
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Geoffrey Francis Le Maistre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB8827016A external-priority patent/GB2225167A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0444099A1 publication Critical patent/EP0444099A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/181—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
    • G02B7/1815—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation with cooling or heating systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0231—Magnetic circuits with PM for power or force generation
    • H01F7/0252—PM holding devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anti- condensation device for a mirror and to a mirror, particularly a bathroom mirror, including such a device.
  • Condensation on bathroom mirrors presents a significant problem.
  • the presence of such condensation after a hot bath or shower means that the bather must first wipe the mirror before he can use it for shaving or other purposes. If the atmosphere in the bathroom remains humid, repeated wiping is necessary.
  • U.K. Patent No. 1545770 disclosed a motor vehicle mirror where a covering layer is secured to the rear of the mirror by an adhesive and a heating element is secured to the covering layer by the adhesive so as to form a unitary body in which the adhesive provides support for the mirror in the event of the mirror being broken.
  • U.K. Patent No. 1246430 discloses a heater unit for a vehicle window, vehicle mirror and the like in which a resistance wire is supported until pressed against the mirror and then the support is removed to leave the wire in position.
  • the devices of the prior art are arranged for low vol age applications and would be unsuitable for domestic application with the higher voltage and damp conditions entailed.
  • a bathroom mirror assembly including as separate and discrete components, an anti- condensation device comprising a laminar heating pad including an electrical heating element positioned within an electrically insulating body, and a mirror, the an i-condensation device being dimensioned so that, in use, it may be positioned behind "the mirror and, when actuated, may co- operate with the mirror so as to heat the mirror in order to disperse condensation forming on the front thereof.
  • the invention also includes an anti-condensation device for a bathroom mirror comprising a laminar heating pad including an electric heating element disposed within an electrically insulating body.
  • the electric heating element may either be encapsulated within a plastic insulating body or may be sandwiched between insulating layers in a laminated composite. In either arrangement the heating element must be electrically isolated from the damp conditions prevailing in a bathroom in order to avoid electrical shock due to the higher voltage of mains connections. In addition, the electrical heating element is suitably electrically double insulated.
  • the device may include a reflective layer placed behind the heating element to reflect heat transmitted away from the mirror back towards the mirror.
  • the fixing between the heating element and the mirror may be by means of any suitable heat and water resistant adhesive since the surface temperature of the heating pad need never rise above a level that would impair the performance of such an adhesive.
  • the heating pad may be provided with a magnetised coating and the surface of the mirror provided with a coating of a medium comprising an adhesive carrier and a distributed ferromagnetic material. A coating of such a medium has the effect of making the previously non-magnetic rear of the mirror attractive to a magnetised coating.
  • the medium preferably also includes a conductive powder such as aluminium or copper powder in suspension in the adhesive carrier to improve heat conduction from the heating pad to the mirror.
  • Figure 1 shows a transverse section through a mirror and a first embodiment of the device
  • Figure 2 shows a partial section through a second embodiment of the device
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the device.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of an electrical connecting device for a heating device applied to a bathroom mirror
  • Figure 5 is a section on X - X in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic, partially sectioned, side elevation of a further alternative embodiment.
  • a mirror (2) has a reflective backing or silvered layer (4) in conventional manner.
  • Applied to the rear surface of the mirror is a layer of a medium (5).
  • the medium (5) is a spray adhesive carrier in which there is suspended finely divided ferromagnetic powder and also a conductive powder providing a smooth layer of about one or two microns in thickness.
  • the ferromagnetic powder may be iron powder and the conductive powder is preferably aluminium or copper powder. The use of this conductive powder facilitates heat conduction from the heating pad through to the mirror as will be explained.
  • the adhesive may be any material which will form a securely attached film on the rear of the mirror surface and may be a lacquer, cellulose or a paint.
  • the anti-condensation device (6) which comprises a laminar heating pad containing an electric heating element (8) connected to a power supply cable (10).
  • a thermostatic control switch
  • the thermostat (11) is provided in circuit with the heating element (8) in order to prevent overheating where it is necessary to provide a relatively high current to the heating element to ensure sufficient heat to deal promptly with potentially heavy condensation.
  • the thermostat (11) is of the type which cuts in and out within a predetermined temperature range.
  • the heating element (8), thermostat (11), and power supply cable (10) are integrally cast into a flexible plastics material
  • the heating element (8) may be a laminar carbon film, though other types of element may be employed. The use of a carbon film provides an even distribution of heating avoiding hot spots.
  • the power supply cable (10) is provided with a plug (14) which allows power to be supplied from the mains.
  • the plug (14) may be adapted to fit into a normal bathroom shaver socket.
  • the power cable may be permanently connected to the mains power supply with a switch means interposed in the circuit to control the supply of power to the heating element.
  • a sheet (16) of heat-reflective material is placed behind the heating pad with its reflective surface facing towards the mirror (2).
  • the sheet (16) may comprise a sheet of aluminium foil for example.
  • the purpose of the sheet is to reflect the heat directed away from the mirror back towards the mirror to increase the efficiency of the heating pad in warming the front surface of the mirror.
  • the space between the sheet (16) and the wall against which the mirror is mounted is preferably filled with a layer of insulating material (18), such as expanded polystyrene, which can be cut to the appropriate size to fill the remaining space.
  • a magnetised coating (20) is applied to one major surface of the heating pad.
  • magnetised flexible coatings are known in the art and are extensively used with advertising materials to allow them to be fixed to any ferromagnetic surface.
  • Magnetised vinyl plastics and magnetised rubber are examples of suitable materials for this coating.
  • An appropriate materials for the coating is FLEXIBLE FERRITE which is a flexible magnetic material supplied by Magnet Developments Limited, of Swindon, Wiltshire.
  • Flexible magnet sheets are also described in US-A-3 629 756 and GB-A-903 287 and GB-A-950 277. Any other type of coating which provides a magnetised surface may be employed.
  • the magnetised coating (20) enables the anti- condensation device (6) to be secured to the rear of the mirror (2) by magnetic attraction with the medium (5) incorporating ferromagnetic material applied to the rear surface of the mirror (2).
  • the heating pad may be bonded to the back of the mirror (2) directly using a suitable heat and water resistant releasable adhesive.
  • the level of heating necessary to prevent condensation on the surface of the mirror is relatively moderate so that the requirement for heat-resistant adhesive does not impose an undue constraint on the type of releasable adhesive that may be used for this purpose. It is envisaged that the heating pad will never need to rise above a temperature where it can be safely touched by the hand. Heavy duty tape applied around the edges could also be used to fix the pad to the back of the mirror or two- sided releasable adhesive film could be employed for fixing.
  • a further alternative is to provide a resilient layer such as, an expanded foam rubber or similar synthetic substance, which is positioned between the anti-condensation device (6) and the wall when positioning the anti- condensation device behind the mirror (2).
  • the thickness of the layer is chosen so that it is compressed to permit its inherent resilience to push the anti-condensation device (6) against the back of the mirror (2) thereby achieving maximum heating efficiency.
  • the required ferromagnetic layer (5) may be produced by fixing a stainless steel foil to the back of the mirror.
  • the foil may be secured to the mirror by means of an adhesive.
  • a steel foil could also be used provided it is covered with a varnish or similar protection to prevent rusting.
  • the ferromagnetic layer could also be magnetised and disposed so as to be attracted to the magnetised material on the heating pad.
  • the thermostat (11) may be omitted if the current is low enough to restrict the possibility of overheating.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative embodiment of the anti- condensation device is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 2.
  • This drawing shows a partial section through the device.
  • the device is built up on a piece of thin but somewhat flexible plastics sheet (30) capable of being post-formed such that it has an arc of very large radius.
  • a sheet of FORMICA (Registered Trade Mark) may be employed for this purpose.
  • a layer (32) of polystyrene is applied to the convex face of the sheet (30) and supports a heating pad (34) of the type previously described.
  • the assembly is held together by means of a shrink-wrap type of plastics film (36) which is wrapped around the whole assembly and heat sealed to the rear of the sheet (30).
  • the layers On withdrawal of air from the space within the shrink-wrap sheet (36), the layers are held tightly together.
  • Other types of sealing could be employed to hold the layers together.
  • the heating pad (34) is shown as an element embedded in a plastics coating, in this embodiment, this additional protective layer may not be necessary.
  • the device is then fixed to the back of the mirror (not shown) .
  • the back of the mirror is adjacent the convex face of the device.
  • the heating pad comprises two panels (40). The right hand side panel is shown exposed but the left hand side panel is shown with a polystyrene insulating layer (42) in position.
  • Each heating panel includes a heating film extending between two copper electrodes (44) and (46) to which electrical contact is made by conductors in the cable (48).
  • the cable (48) also includes the conductors making contact with the corresponding electrodes of the heating panels of other modules.
  • channels are provided in the polystyrene layer.
  • a plastics layer (50) is laminated to the front of the device to provide protection for the heating film. This plastics layer (50) may also be extended around the edges of the device in order to seal it.
  • the plastics layer (50) also provides insulation for the soldered joints between the conductors and the electrodes (44) (46).
  • the cable (48) may be bonded to the laminating film layer (50) using, for example, an epoxy resin adhesive.
  • an epoxy resin adhesive In order to provide mechanical strength at the outlet of the cable (48) from the device it is proposed to provide a plastics support pad, possibly made up of several layers of plastics film, to which the cable may be fixed by means of a heavy duty staple (54).
  • the device may also incorporate a silvered, reflective layer behind the polystyrene in order to increase the transmission of heat towards the mirror,
  • the heating pad or element may be of any shape. Since the heated area of the mirror will be free of condensation, the shape of the heating pad will determine the condensation-free area of the mirror surface. Fun effects can be produced by shaping the heating pad or the heating element within it so that a design is produced on the mirror surface. For example, the profile of a cartoon character could readily be produced on the user's mirror surface by shaping the heating pad or heating element appropriately.
  • the overall thickness is desirably kept to a minimum. This is readily possible since heating elements of thickness of 100 microns are available and the magnetised vinyl coating or adhesive layer need only be a few microns thick.
  • heating device is to cover a very large area
  • several devices of the type described may be employed and wired together in parallel.
  • the anti- condensation device it has been proposed either to plug the device into a shaver socket or make direct electrical connection with supply.
  • Figures 4 and 5 disclose a connection device which enables the anti-condensation unit to be installed with maximum speed and safety and at minimum trouble and cost.
  • connection device of Figures 4 and 5 In order to be safely installed the minimum acceptable size of electric supply cable is 3mm wide whereas the design clearance between a mirror and a supporting wall is typically 4mm. Although the cable can be run providing there are no sharp turns, the sheer awkwardness of connection when installing and at the same time ensuring complete electrical safety for the installer (or repair man should the mirror be broken), are considerable.
  • the connection device of Figures 4 and 5 The connection device of Figures 4 and 5
  • the plate (140) is 68mm square and 4mm thick which enables it to be mounted within the standard outlet box of the United Kingdom such that the surface of the plate finishes up level or slightly below the edge of the mounting box and the surrounding surface.
  • the centre of the plate (140) is provided with a substantially rectangular opening (14 ) .
  • a second plate (146) includes a rectangular pillar (148) having a passage (150) passing therethrough and opening on opposite sides of the pillar at different longitudinal positions as seen from Figure 5.
  • the rectangular pillar (148) passes through the opening (144) in the first plate (140) which is a sliding fit thereon and, in order to prevent the first plate from being removed from the pillar (148), the pillar (148) has a fixed collar (152) at its free end.
  • the second plate (146) also includes two holes (156) which are aligned with the holes (142) in the first plate in order to allow a screw-driver to be passed through the second plate in order to tighten mounting screws holding the first plate to the outlet box.
  • the second plate (146) is designed to be mounted on the edge of the main anti- condensation device (160) and may be shaped to co- operate therewith. Electrical connection to the electrical supply is made at the electric outlet box by means of an electrical connector block (164) mounted on the back of the first plate (140).
  • the device of Figures 4 and 5 allows simple connection between the anti-condensation device (160) and the electrical supply once the basic spur outlet box has been established in the wall adjacent the mirror position.
  • the main electrical cable is connected to one side of the connector block (164) and the supply cable from the anti-condensation device is threaded through the passage (150) without appearing in the open and so as to emerge below the collar (152) for connection to the other side of the connection block (164).
  • the plate (140) is then tightened to the outlet box by two screws passing through the aligned holes (156) and (142).
  • connection device is suitably used with the cirrangement where the an i-condensation device is secured to the back of a mirror by means of magnetic attraction.
  • front of the anti-condensation device is provided with a removable insulating plastics sheet arranged to prevent magnetic connection between the an i- condensation device and the mirror before this is desired.
  • a laminar heating pad (200) comprises a heating element (202) encapsulated against moisture ingress within a plastics cassette (204) having sufficient rigidity to provide structural coherence to the heating pad.
  • the face of the heating pad (200) which is to abut the rear surface of the mirror (not shown) is covered with a layer of heat conducting soft form plastics (206).
  • a tubular pillar (208) Extending rearwardly from a central region of the heating pad (200) is a tubular pillar (208) through which electrical supply wires (210) pass.
  • the pillar (208) has an enlarged collar (212) at its free end and, slidable along the pillar (208), is a first locking member (214) having an annular groove (215) about its external surface.
  • the pillar (208) and collar (212) are dimensioned to co-operate with an electrical terminal box (216) to mains supply.
  • the terminal box (216) has a central opening (218) substantially complimentary in size and shape to allow the collar (212) to pass through into the terminal box (216).
  • Disposed on the terminal box (216) about the opening (218) is a second locking member (220).
  • the second locking member (220) is tubular and extends away from the terminal box (216).
  • the free end portion of the second locking member (220) comprises a resilient annular wall (222), dimensioned to receive the body of the first locking member (214).
  • the resilient wall (222) terminates in a bulbous portion (224) which may co-operate with the annular groove (215) of the first locking member (214) so that the first and second locking members (214, 220) may form a releasable snap-fit interconnection.
  • the terminal box (216) Aligned with the pillar (208) on the rear surface of the terminal box (216) is a spring means (226) for acting against the pillar (208) as will be explained.
  • the terminal box (216) further includes, in conventional manner, suitable electrical connectors (228) and screw means (230) for securing the terminal box to the wall.
  • the pillar (206) serves to locate the heating pad (200) in space and helps support the heating pad (200) in space and helps support the heating pad (200) by interconnection with the terminal box (216).
  • the wires (210) are first connected to the appropriate electrical connector (228) and the terminal box (214) screwed into position. Then the pillar (206), of the heating pad (200), with the first locking member (214) thereon is pushed through the opening (218). In this way the body of the first locking member (214) is inserted into the tubular second locking member (220) and they snap-fit together by co-operation between the annular groove (215) and the bulbous portion (224). This locks the heating pad (200) to the terminal box (216) whilst allowing the spring means (226) to move the pillar (206) relative to the terminal box (216). In this way, the layer
  • the heating pad (200) is pushed into firm abutment with the rear of the mirror to provide the necessary close thermal contact whilst at the same time retaining physical independence from the mirror.
  • the application of a spring force centrally of the rear of the heating pad (200) provides an even pressure across the front of the pad (200) against the mirror.
  • the pillar (206) is preferably a moulded part of the heating pad (200). Also, if a releasable magnetic connection is to be provided between the heating pad (200) and the rear of the mirror, the layer (206) may be a magnetically impregnated plastics as discussed above.
  • further support for the heating pad (200) could be provided by the provision of plastics arms (not shown) extending radially outwardly of the pillar (206) and each including a hole at its free end. The holes of the arms would be aligned to receive the respective screws at the corners of the mirrors used to support the mirror on the wall so as to be supported thereon.
  • connection has been shown as connection between electrical wires (210) and connectors (228), the electrical wires (210) could terminate in a pin connection at the end of the pillar (206) suitable for countries with 110 volt mains supply.
  • the anti-condensation device of the present invention may be actuated in any suitable way, for example, it may be manually switched on by an appropriate switch at the electrical socket, or may be connected into the main bathroom light circuit or may even include a passive infra-red detector operable to actuate the device for a pre- determined time period upon detecting a user in front of the mirror.
  • the preferred heated mirror of the present invention has several advantages over prior arrangements particularly: (i) heat is produced and conveyed to the front of the mirror to demist the surface in an improved manner so as to provide optimum performance; (ii) the mirror and the heating pad are separate elements so that the device may be installed simply whilst maintaining safety requirements and, if required, the mirror may be removed from a supporting wall without interfering with the electricity supply to the heating pad; (iii) the heating pad is laminar to allow installation in the confined space behind a mirror and has wiring arranged to leave the heating pad to an electrical socket in a neat and safe manner; and, (iv) the heating element is electrically isolated for safety to guard against electrical shock due to the relatively higher voltage of a mains system as opposed to the low voltage systems of the prior art.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un miroir de salle de bains comporte un miroir ainsi qu'un dispositif anti-condensation. Ledit dispositif anti-condensation comprend une plaque de chauffage laminaire (16) agencée pour être disposée en aboutement immédiat à la surface arrière dudit miroir. Ladite plaque de chauffage peut comprendre un support (16) de matière réfléchissante et est adéquatement maintenue de manière amovible sur la surface arrière du miroir par attraction magnétique entre des matières magnétiquement attirées prévues sur les surfaces opposées.
EP19890913016 1988-11-18 1989-11-17 Dispositif anti-condensation pour miroir Withdrawn EP0444099A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8827016 1988-11-18
GB8827016A GB2225167A (en) 1988-11-18 1988-11-18 Magnetic holding devices
GB8905800 1989-03-14
GB898905800A GB8905800D0 (en) 1988-11-18 1989-03-14 Prevention of condensation
GB8922293 1989-10-03
GB898922293A GB8922293D0 (en) 1988-11-18 1989-10-03 Bathroom mirror

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0444099A1 true EP0444099A1 (fr) 1991-09-04

Family

ID=27264181

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890913016 Withdrawn EP0444099A1 (fr) 1988-11-18 1989-11-17 Dispositif anti-condensation pour miroir

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0444099A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4625189A (fr)
GB (1) GB2242831B (fr)
WO (1) WO1990005931A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES1019718Y (es) * 1991-12-17 1993-05-16 Casals Macia Miguel Dispositivo incorporado a un espejo para evitar la formacion de vaho.
LU88109A1 (fr) * 1991-12-17 1992-10-15 Miguel Casals Macia Dispositif incorpore a un miroir pour eviter la formation de buee
ES1019717Y (es) * 1991-12-17 1993-05-16 Casals Macia Miguel Dispositivo incorporado a un espejo para evitar la formacion de vaho.
GB2271506A (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-04-20 James Malcolm Penn Syme Heated mirror
GB2432311A (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-23 Rakesh Ram A heated bathroom mirror

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3160736A (en) * 1962-09-11 1964-12-08 Thomas V Catterson Anti-fogging mirror
US3629576A (en) * 1970-05-21 1971-12-21 Deltaray Corp Accelerator tube electrode for focusing a beam of charged particles
US3887788A (en) * 1972-10-13 1975-06-03 Seibel & Seibel Enterprises Condensation free mirror
US4060712A (en) * 1976-12-23 1977-11-29 Chang Yun Te Non-condensation mirror

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9005931A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2242831B (en) 1992-07-29
GB9109298D0 (en) 1991-07-10
GB2242831A (en) 1991-10-16
AU4625189A (en) 1990-06-12
WO1990005931A1 (fr) 1990-05-31

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