EP0447521A1 - Ink circuit particularly intended to pressurizing a pigment ink for an ink jet printer. - Google Patents
Ink circuit particularly intended to pressurizing a pigment ink for an ink jet printer.Info
- Publication number
- EP0447521A1 EP0447521A1 EP90914741A EP90914741A EP0447521A1 EP 0447521 A1 EP0447521 A1 EP 0447521A1 EP 90914741 A EP90914741 A EP 90914741A EP 90914741 A EP90914741 A EP 90914741A EP 0447521 A1 EP0447521 A1 EP 0447521A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- tank
- circuit according
- solenoid valve
- viscometer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 86
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001113 umbilicus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
- B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
- B41J2/195—Ink jet characterised by ink handling for monitoring ink quality
Definitions
- INK CIRCUIT IN PARTICULAR FOR PRESSURIZING A PIGMENT INK FOR AN INK JET PRINTER.
- the invention relates to an ink circuit in particular for the set pressure of a pigment ink printer for j 'and ink.
- the object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks linked to the presence
- the invention relates more precisely to an ink circuit for a continuous ink jet printing device, in particular adapted to the implementation of an ink heavily loaded with pigments to make it opaque and white, circuit
- this viscometer (27) is connected on the one hand by two ink circuits, one (45) to the accumulator tank (6) via a solenoid valve (23), the other (44) to the bottom of the recovery tank (2) via a solenoid valve (21); on the other hand by two
- REPLACEMENT SHEET - Figure 1 is a general diagram illustrating the combination of means used in the ink supply circuit according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of one of the constituent elements of the circuit of Figure 1. For clarity, the same elements have the same references in all the figures.
- the invention relates to a pigment ink circuit, suitable for supplying an ink jet print head, so that all the drawbacks linked to the presence of these pigments in the ink, be avoided.
- the architecture of this circuit and the combination of the means used make it possible, for this particular application, to achieve the three essential functions required for the proper functioning of an inkjet printer, namely:
- a circuit according to the invention a fourth which is a function of permanent agitation of the ink in order to avoid the sedimentation of the pigments in the bottom of the tanks.
- the pressurization of the ink to ensure the jet is carried out by means of an ink accumulator tank (6) which is put under air pressure.
- the generation of compressed air is ensured through a first pressurization circuit by a first head (9) of a compressor (7).
- the air passes through a first filter (8) associated with a silencer, then passes through a second filter, made of .. filter foam, located inside the first head (9) also called pressure.
- the air flow rate of this head is 1.6 m3 / hour at atmospheric pressure.
- a calibrated valve (10) at a threshold value for example 4.2 bars, limits the maximum operating pressure in the circuit.
- the air passing through the pipe (40) then passes through a regulator (11) capable of adjusting the pressure with precision before pressurizing the ink accumulator tank (6) which supplies the print head not shown because being part of known art.
- An arrow (f ⁇ ) diagrams the ink output from the accumulator (6) towards the umbilicus and its print head:
- the pressure setpoint of the regulator (11) is adjusted by adjustment means (111) which can be the combination of a screw and a handwheel for example.
- This pressure is controlled using a pressure gauge (12) mounted through a three-way connection (62) on the pressurization pipe (40).
- the pressurized air enters the storage tank (6) through its upper part.
- the latter consists of a cylinder in which a float (13) slides which has two functions:
- the first is to make a separation between the air (a) under pressure and the ink (e) in order to minimize the migration of air in the ink;
- the second is to allow the detection of the levels in the accumulator tank (6) by means of two proximity detectors (14h) for the high level and (14b) for the low level.
- the storage tank (6) must have a sufficiently large capacity so that the quantity of ink which it contains allows the necessary cooling of the ink contained in the tubes of the navel and in the print head.
- the unused drops are recovered in a gutter not shown as being part of the print head, itself known per se, as has been said previously.
- These recovered drops are brought back to a recovery tank (2) as shown by the arrow (f2), arranged on the recovery pipe (41).
- the recovery tank (2) is placed under vacuum by means of a second vacuum circuit consisting of a second head (15) of the compressor (7) operating as a vacuum pump.
- This vacuum head (15) is identical to the pressure head (9) and its flow / pressure characteristics are the same.
- a safety valve (16) calibrated to a limit value of the tolerable vacuum in the recovery tank (2) and at the outlet of the head (15) a filter associated with a silencer ( 17).
- depression is symbolized by the arrow (f 3).
- the means for pressurizing and vacuuming respectively constituted by the first circuit comprising the general pipe (40) and the second circuit comprising the pipe (42), are distinct from each other and connected to two heads (9) and (15) of a single compressor (7) whose operation ensures the pressurization of the accumulator tank (6) supplying the print head and the partial vacuum of the recovery tank (2), these two pipes (40) and (42) being, moreover, completely - 4bis -
- the ink is indeed highly volatile, so its viscosity must be constantly checked and corrected by adding either ink or solvent.
- a solvent tank (20) and an ink tank (1) are provided, connected to each other, via a filter (50s) and (50e), and through a solenoid valve (18th ) and (18s), at the top of the recovery tank (2) through the pipes (51s) and (51e).
- the two tanks of solvent (20) and ink (1) are at atmospheric pressure.
- the ink tank (1) is connected to the compressed air line (40) (pressurization circuit) through two solenoid valves (24) and (25). It is also connected to the transfer tank (27) by the pipe (47) via the solenoid valve (24).
- a viscometer (27) which is, for example, of the type described in French patent No. 2,353,441 filed by the Applicant. It is a tank in which the ink from the recovery tank (2) passes before being sent to the accumulator tank (6).
- This viscometer (27) is connected by a line (44), via a solenoid valve (21), to the base of said recovery tank (2) and by a line (45) via a solenoid valve (23) to the base of the accumulator tank (6).
- the pressure prevailing in the viscometer (27) depends on the pressure present in the two pipes (46) and (43) connected respectively, via a solenoid valve (22), to the top of the recovery tank (2) and to the pipe (43 ) between the two valves (24) and (25).
- the ink tank (1), the recovery tank (2), and the viscometer (27) are equipped with level detection means (28e), (28a), (28). These are electrodes immersed in the tank at heights corresponding for the ink tank (1) to the minimum level (V) of ink, for the recovery tank with three levels, low (Vji), medium ( V2) and high (V3), finally for the two-level viscometer (V4) and (V5).
- the difference in height between (V4) and (V5) constitutes one of the parameters allowing the measurement of the viscosity, as will now be explained.
- the level measuring means (28) attached to the viscometer (27) consist of. three plunging electrodes, two of which are at the same low level - 5 -
- the level measuring means (28e) attached to the ink tank (1) are constituted by two electrodes determining the level (V).
- the level measurement means (28r) attached to the recovery tank (2) consist of four plunging electrodes determining three levels (Vi), (V 2 ), (V 3 ).
- the solenoid valves (21) and (22) being open, the pressure of the viscometer (27) is in equilibrium with that of the recovery tank (2), the ink flows into the line (44) through a calibrated leak ( 26) and passes into the viscometer (27).
- the time taken for the level to pass from (V4) to (V5) is measured. If this time is greater than a set value, the viscosity of the ink is too high and an addition of solvent is carried out. If this time is less than or equal to this set value, the viscosity of the ink is low or good and nothing will be done. Natural evaporation of the solvent will increase it.
- volume of ink entering the latter escapes through the pressure regulator (11) .
- a volume of buffer ink (volum below the low level (V4) of the viscometer) remains in it, so as to guarantee that at no time can air be sent to the accumulator tank (6), this to give the solenoid valves (23) and (25) time to close after det ection of the low level of the viscometer (27).
- the solenoid valve (24) is then closed and the solenoid valves (21), (22) are again open for refilling the viscometer (27).
- the solvent (20), ink (1) and recovery (2) tanks have a drain opening (100).
- all the ink contained in the accumulator tank (6) is returned to the recovery tank (2), so that the ink is stirred as will be explained below.
- the solenoid valves (23) and (21) are open, and under the effect of the air pressure in the accumulator tank (6), the ink passes into the recovery tank (2).
- the solenoid valve (23) is closed and the solenoid valve (25) open to also empty the viscometer
- the ink in the viscometer pushes the ink towards the recovery tank (2) which is under vacuum.
- the compressor is stopped and the solenoid valves (25) and (24) are open to relax the air in the ink circuit so that the latter does not remain under pressure.
- the printer then stops.
- the solenoid valves (24) and (25) are open for a few seconds, this to put the pressure head (9) of the compressor ( 7) at atmospheric pressure.
- means are provided for continuously agitating the ink. Indeed, in order to maintain good homogeneity thereof, regardless of its duration of use, it is imperative to mix the ink constantly.
- the ink is mixed in the main new ink tank (1) and in the recovery tank (2).
- the means are identical in both cases. It is a magnetic bar (3) covered with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polypropylene, cooperating with two magnets
- the turntable (144) consists of a metal plate on which are glued the two permanent magnets as shown in Figure 2. A particular shape shown in this figure has been chosen for the tanks. It is a frustoconical profile (P) which makes it possible to correctly position the bar (3) above the turntable (144).
- the printer remains disconnected from the electrical network for several days, the sedimentation of the ink in the bottom of the tank is inevitable, and, when the machine is switched on, the speed of rotation of the motors (5) is greatly reduced to avoid the magnetic uncoupling of the rod / turntable assembly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8913060 | 1989-10-02 | ||
| FR8913060A FR2652540B1 (en) | 1989-10-02 | 1989-10-02 | INK CIRCUIT, IN PARTICULAR FOR PRESSURIZING A PIGMENT INK FOR AN INK JET PRINTER. |
| PCT/FR1990/000696 WO1991004862A1 (en) | 1989-10-02 | 1990-09-28 | Ink circuit particularly intended to pressurizing a pigment ink for an ink jet printer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0447521A1 true EP0447521A1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| EP0447521B1 EP0447521B1 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
Family
ID=9386139
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90914741A Expired - Lifetime EP0447521B1 (en) | 1989-10-02 | 1990-09-28 | Ink circuit particularly intended to pressurizing a pigment ink for an ink jet printer |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5451987A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0447521B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04501987A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0183016B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE138608T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU635784B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2026656C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69027200T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0447521T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2089032T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2652540B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991004862A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2695704B1 (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1994-10-14 | Imaje | Pneumatic pressure regulator with electronic control and method for regulating the pressure of a fluid using such a regulator. |
| US5988782A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1999-11-23 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink-jet printing apparatus |
| FR2749217B1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-08-21 | Girod Raoul | CORRECTOR FOR PRINTER |
| KR100186618B1 (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 1999-05-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Density uniforming method of pigment ink |
| JP3033698B2 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2000-04-17 | 新潟日本電気株式会社 | Ink jet recording device |
| KR100209515B1 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-07-15 | 윤종용 | Injection device and method of inkjet printer using magnetic ink |
| KR100234283B1 (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-12-15 | 윤종용 | Developing solution supplying system for wet type developer |
| US7768371B2 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 2010-08-03 | City University Of Hong Kong | Coreless printed-circuit-board (PCB) transformers and operating techniques therefor |
| US6398351B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2002-06-04 | Scitex Digital Printing, Inc. | Flush system for ink change |
| IN190975B (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2003-09-06 | Ranbaxy Lab Ltd | |
| US6312113B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-11-06 | Marconi Data Systems Inc. | Ink circulation system |
| US7090327B1 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2006-08-15 | Electronics For Imaging, Inc. | Water-based ink jet printer |
| JP3982393B2 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2007-09-26 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Droplet discharge device, electro-optical device, method of manufacturing electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
| JP2006305902A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Brother Ind Ltd | Inkjet recording device |
| JP2006326929A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-12-07 | Fujifilm Holdings Corp | Active energy curing type ink cartridge and inkjet recorder |
| GB2447919B (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2012-04-04 | Linx Printing Tech | Ink jet printing |
| ATE530342T1 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2011-11-15 | Hitachi Ind Equipment Sys | INKJET RECORDING APPARATUS |
| JP2009179023A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-13 | Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd | Inkjet recording device |
| JP5190297B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2013-04-24 | 理想科学工業株式会社 | Inkjet printer |
| KR101007703B1 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2011-01-13 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Ink supply device |
| JP5113694B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-01-09 | 理想科学工業株式会社 | Ink cartridge management apparatus and management method |
| KR101011707B1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2011-01-28 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Ink recovery device |
| DE102008063718B4 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-09-16 | Kba-Metronic Aktiengesellschaft | Ink tank with grinder |
| JP5394792B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-01-22 | 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 | Printing device |
| JP5488052B2 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2014-05-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Liquid ejector |
| JP2011183617A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-22 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Image forming apparatus |
| US8371684B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2013-02-12 | Videojet Technologies Inc. | Ink mixing system |
| US20120262523A1 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-10-18 | Levi Yaakov | Ink tank system |
| FR3026050A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-25 | Markem Imaje Holding | INK CIRCUIT FOR PIGMENT INKS |
| FR3038864A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-20 | Dover Europe Sarl | INK BREWING IN A CARTRIDGE |
| CN107567387B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2020-02-07 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | Printer with air pressurization system and method for establishing air pressure in printing fluid supply |
| US9707765B2 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-07-18 | Xerox Corporation | Inhibiting sediment formation in a MICR ink tank |
| FR3048200B1 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2019-07-12 | Dover Europe Sarl | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADDING SOLVENT BY SMALL QUANTITIES |
| GB2566740B (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2021-07-14 | Linx Printing Tech | Pigment dispersal in an ink jet printer |
| JP7124778B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2022-08-24 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | LIQUID CONTAINING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS |
| JP7031632B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2022-03-08 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Image forming device |
| EP4393715B1 (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2025-07-09 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Liquid supply apparatus and liquid application apparatus |
| CN118254479A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-06-28 | 株式会社理光 | Liquid supply device and liquid coating device |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3761953A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1973-09-25 | Mead Corp | Ink supply system for a jet ink printer |
| JPS56136381A (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-24 | Sharp Corp | Control of viscosity of jet ink |
| FR2553341B1 (en) * | 1983-10-13 | 1987-06-12 | Imaje Sa | INK SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR AN INK JET PRINTHEAD |
| GB8530885D0 (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1986-01-29 | Domino Printing Sciences Plc | Ink jet printing system |
| US4825228A (en) * | 1986-03-17 | 1989-04-25 | Gloeeckler Gerhard | Method of, and apparatus for, regulating ink viscosity in an ink jet printing system |
| FR2619753B2 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1990-08-31 | Imaje Sa | FLUID SUPPLY CIRCUIT OF A PRINTHEAD EQUIPPED WITH A MULTIFUNCTIONAL CELL COMPRISING A VARIABLE VOLUME CHAMBER |
| ATE82196T1 (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1992-11-15 | Jan Slomianny | INK SYSTEM FOR INKJET MATRIX PRINTER. |
| GB8708884D0 (en) * | 1987-04-14 | 1987-05-20 | Domino Printing Sciences Plc | Control of ink jet printing system |
-
1989
- 1989-10-02 FR FR8913060A patent/FR2652540B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-09-28 ES ES90914741T patent/ES2089032T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-28 DK DK90914741.5T patent/DK0447521T3/en active
- 1990-09-28 AT AT90914741T patent/ATE138608T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-28 DE DE69027200T patent/DE69027200T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-28 KR KR1019910700555A patent/KR0183016B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-28 WO PCT/FR1990/000696 patent/WO1991004862A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-09-28 EP EP90914741A patent/EP0447521B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-28 US US07/687,882 patent/US5451987A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-28 JP JP2513628A patent/JPH04501987A/en active Pending
- 1990-09-28 AU AU65150/90A patent/AU635784B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-10-01 CA CA002026656A patent/CA2026656C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9104862A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2026656C (en) | 2002-02-12 |
| KR920700924A (en) | 1992-08-10 |
| ES2089032T3 (en) | 1996-10-01 |
| AU6515090A (en) | 1991-04-28 |
| EP0447521B1 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
| DE69027200D1 (en) | 1996-07-04 |
| JPH04501987A (en) | 1992-04-09 |
| KR0183016B1 (en) | 1999-05-15 |
| WO1991004862A1 (en) | 1991-04-18 |
| DK0447521T3 (en) | 1996-10-07 |
| CA2026656A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| US5451987A (en) | 1995-09-19 |
| FR2652540A1 (en) | 1991-04-05 |
| DE69027200T2 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
| AU635784B2 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| FR2652540B1 (en) | 1995-06-02 |
| ATE138608T1 (en) | 1996-06-15 |
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