EP0449909A1 - Graphite trolley shoe and process for its manufacture. - Google Patents

Graphite trolley shoe and process for its manufacture.

Info

Publication number
EP0449909A1
EP0449909A1 EP90900814A EP90900814A EP0449909A1 EP 0449909 A1 EP0449909 A1 EP 0449909A1 EP 90900814 A EP90900814 A EP 90900814A EP 90900814 A EP90900814 A EP 90900814A EP 0449909 A1 EP0449909 A1 EP 0449909A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon
support
pressed
carbon material
power supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90900814A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0449909B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Hoffmann
Johann Hoell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoffmann and Co Elektrokohle AG
Original Assignee
Hoffmann and Co Elektrokohle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoffmann and Co Elektrokohle AG filed Critical Hoffmann and Co Elektrokohle AG
Priority to AT90900814T priority Critical patent/ATE88039T1/en
Publication of EP0449909A1 publication Critical patent/EP0449909A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0449909B1 publication Critical patent/EP0449909B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/24—Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49119—Brush
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49208—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts
    • Y10T29/4921—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts with bonding
    • Y10T29/49211—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts with bonding of fused material
    • Y10T29/49213—Metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carbon grinder with a pressed base body made of a first carbon material, with which is provided on a side surface of a support made of a second carbon material with lower conductivity, and with at least one power supply line embedded in the carbon grinder.
  • Such carbon grinding pieces are usually produced in a single pressing process, corresponding layers of the first and the second carbon material being poured into powder form in the compression mold and these are then pressed simultaneously by means of a press ram to produce the finished carbon grinding piece provided with the support.
  • the end of the power supply line is pressed into the mass to be pressed by means of the press ram and firmly embedded in the mass during the pressing.
  • the power supply line is led out of the coal grinding piece on the same side surface that is also with the Cover made of the low conductivity carbon material is covered. If such a carbon grinder piece is produced in the usual manner described, the end of the power supply line must be pressed into the base body through the support layer, and.
  • parts of the second carbon material with lower conductivity are carried along by the power supply line and pressed into the first carbon material. This means that parts of the second carbon material can accumulate in an uncontrolled manner between the power supply line and the first carbon material and can influence the contact resistance between the power supply line and the carbon contact piece in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a carbon contact piece of the type mentioned in such a way that the contact resistance between the power supply line and the carbon contact piece remains unaffected by the second carbon material forming the support, even when the power supply line is open the side surface carrying the support is led out of the carbon grinder.
  • this object is achieved in that the support only partially covers the side surface of the carbon grinding piece, and in that the power supply line on the same side surface in its cover-free area. is richly led out of the contact strip.
  • the overlay consists of a pre-pressed part made of the second carbon material, which is non-releasably press-connected to the base body made of the first carbon material.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coal grinding piece according to the invention.
  • 2 and 3 are schematic representations of the manufacture of the carbon grinder.
  • the carbon grinder 1 is for example quaderför ig and carries on one side surface 3 a piece embedded in the coal grinder pad 2, which however only covers part of this side surface, so that an area 3a of the side surface is left free becomes.
  • two power supply cables 4, which are embedded in the coal loop piece 1 and pressed with it, are led out of the coal loop piece.
  • the narrow side 5, which is perpendicular to the side surface 3, represents the running surface of the coal loop piece, for example, resting on a commutator ring during operation.
  • the support 2 and 3 can be carried out as follows: In a separate mold (not shown), the support 2 is pre-pressed in the form of a flat, cuboid-shaped pre-compact, namely from one Carbon material of lower conductivity, e.g. made of pure graphite.
  • the actual molding die 7 for the coal slug is then filled with the first carbon material 1 ', which is a material with high conductivity, in particular a mixture of graphite and metal powder.
  • the charged powder layer area l 1 to the Ober ⁇ the pros will be launched compact.
  • a stamp 9, which contains openings for receiving the power supply cable 4, is then lowered onto this arrangement from above.
  • the ends of the power supply cables 4 are pressed into the powder mass 1 'at the same time as the pre-compact 2 - and then in the same operation the powder mass 1' is pressed together with the pre-compact 2 and pressed, so that the coal loop piece 1 is formed as a composite.

Landscapes

  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

Un frotteur en charbon est constitué par un corps compressé de manière à obtenir une première pièce en charbon portant, sur une face latérale, un support formé par une seconde pièce en charbon de moindre conductivité, ledit support ne recouvrant que partiellement la face latérale du frotteur en charbon, et par une amenée de courant conduisant à l'extérieur du frotteur, sur la zone de la face latérale laissée libre par le support. Dans la fabrication du frotteur, le support est préalablement compressé séparément, puis compressé définitivement, conjointement avec la première pièce en charbon et l'amenée de courant encastrée dans celle-ci.A carbon wiper is constituted by a body compressed so as to obtain a first carbon part carrying, on a side face, a support formed by a second carbon part of lower conductivity, said support only partially covering the side face of the wiper in carbon, and by a current supply leading to the outside of the wiper, on the area of the lateral face left free by the support. In the manufacture of the wiper, the support is previously compressed separately, then finally compressed, jointly with the first piece of coal and the current feed embedded therein.

Description

Beschreibung: Description:
Kohleschleifstück und Verfahren zu seiner HerstellungCarbon grinder and process for its manufacture
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kohleschleifstück mit einem gepreßten Grundkörper aus einem ersten Kohlewerkstoff, mit , der auf einer Seitenfläche einerAuflage aus einem zweiten Kohlewerkstoff mit geringerer Leitfähigkeit versehen ist, und mit mindestens einer in das Kohleschleifstück einge¬ betteten Stromzuleitung.The invention relates to a carbon grinder with a pressed base body made of a first carbon material, with which is provided on a side surface of a support made of a second carbon material with lower conductivity, and with at least one power supply line embedded in the carbon grinder.
Derartige Kohleschleifstücke werden üblicherweise in einem einzigen Preßvorgang hergestellt, wobei in die Preßform entsprechende Schichten aus dem ersten und dem zweiten Kohlewerkstoff in Pulverform eingefüllt und diese dann mittels eines Preßstempels zum fertigen, mit der Auflage versehenen Kohleschleifstück gleichzeitig verpreßt werden. Das Ende der Stromzuleitung wird dabei gleichzeitig mittels des Preßstempels in die zu pressende Masse eingedrückt und beim Pressen in dieser fest eingebettet. Für manche Anwen¬ dungsfälle des KohleschleifStücks ist es erforderlich, daß die Stromzuleitung auf der gleichen Seitenfläche aus dem Kohleschleifstück herausgeführt wird, die auch mit der Auflage aus dem Kohlewerkstoff geringer Leitfähigkeit be¬ deckt ist. Wird ein solches Kohleschleifstück in der be¬ schriebenen, üblichen Art hergestellt, so muß das Ende der Stromzuleitung durch die Auflagenschicht hindurch in den Grundkörper eingedrückt werden, und. es ist dabei unver¬ meidlich, daß Teile des zweiten Kohlewerkstoffs mit gerin¬ gerer Leitfähigkeit von der Stromzuleitung mitgenommen und in den ersten Kohlewerkstoff hineingedrückt werden. Dies bedeutet, daß Teile des zweiten Kohlewerkstoffs sich in unkontrollierter Weise zwischen die Stromzuleitung und den ersten Kohlewerkstoff einlagern und den Übergangswiderstand -.zwischen der Stromzuleitung und dem Kohleschleifstück in unkontrollierter Weise beeinflussen können.Such carbon grinding pieces are usually produced in a single pressing process, corresponding layers of the first and the second carbon material being poured into powder form in the compression mold and these are then pressed simultaneously by means of a press ram to produce the finished carbon grinding piece provided with the support. At the same time, the end of the power supply line is pressed into the mass to be pressed by means of the press ram and firmly embedded in the mass during the pressing. For some applications of the coal grinding piece, it is necessary that the power supply line is led out of the coal grinding piece on the same side surface that is also with the Cover made of the low conductivity carbon material is covered. If such a carbon grinder piece is produced in the usual manner described, the end of the power supply line must be pressed into the base body through the support layer, and. it is inevitable that parts of the second carbon material with lower conductivity are carried along by the power supply line and pressed into the first carbon material. This means that parts of the second carbon material can accumulate in an uncontrolled manner between the power supply line and the first carbon material and can influence the contact resistance between the power supply line and the carbon contact piece in an uncontrolled manner.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kohleschleif- stück der genannten Art so auszubilden, daß der übergangs- widerstand zwischen der Stromzuleitung und dem Kohleschleif stück von dem die Auflage bildenden zweiten Kohlewerkstoff unbeeinflußt bleibt, und zwar auch dann, wenn die Stromzu¬ leitung auf der die Auflage tragenden Seitenfläche aus dem Kohleschleifstück herausgeführt ist.The invention is based on the object of designing a carbon contact piece of the type mentioned in such a way that the contact resistance between the power supply line and the carbon contact piece remains unaffected by the second carbon material forming the support, even when the power supply line is open the side surface carrying the support is led out of the carbon grinder.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Auflage die Seitenfläche des KohleschleifStücks nur teil¬ weise bedeckt und daß die Stromzuleitung an der gleichen Seitenfläche in deren von der Auflage freigelassenen Be- reich aus dem Schleifstück herausgeführt ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the support only partially covers the side surface of the carbon grinding piece, and in that the power supply line on the same side surface in its cover-free area. is richly led out of the contact strip.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Kohleschleifstück kann es nicht vorkommen, daß sich- Teile des zweiten, schlechter leitenden Kohlewerkstoffs herstellungsbedingt zwischen der Stromzuleitung und dem ersten Kohlewerkstoff einlagern .In the case of the carbon grinder piece designed according to the invention, it cannot happen that parts of the second, poorly conductive carbon material become embedded between the power supply line and the first carbon material due to the production process.
In weiterer bevorzugter Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht die Auflage aus einem Vorpreßling aus dem zweiten Kohle¬ werkstoff, der mit dem Grundkörper aus dem ersten Kohle- Werkstoff unlösbar preßverbunden ist.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the overlay consists of a pre-pressed part made of the second carbon material, which is non-releasably press-connected to the base body made of the first carbon material.
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt:An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the accompanying drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungs¬ gemäßen KohleschleifStücks.1 is a perspective view of a coal grinding piece according to the invention.
Fig. 2 und 3 schematische Darstellungen der Her¬ stellung des Kohleschleifstücks.2 and 3 are schematic representations of the manufacture of the carbon grinder.
Gemäß Fig. 1 ist das Kohleschleifstück 1 beispielsweise quaderför ig und trägt auf seiner einen Seitenfläche 3 eine in das Kohleschlei stück eingebettete Auflage 2, die jedoch nur einen Teil dieser Seitenfläche bedeckt, so daß ein Bereich 3a der Seitenfläche freigelassen wird. In diesem Bereich 3a sind zwei Stromzuleitungs¬ kabel 4, die in das Kohleschlei stück 1 eingebettet und mit ihm verpreßt sind, aus dem Kohleschleifstück herausgeführt. Die zu der Seitenfläche 3 rechtwink- lige Schmalseite 5 stellt im Betrieb die z.B. an einem Kommutatorring anliegende Lauffläche des Kohleschlei Stücks dar.1, the carbon grinder 1 is for example quaderför ig and carries on one side surface 3 a piece embedded in the coal grinder pad 2, which however only covers part of this side surface, so that an area 3a of the side surface is left free becomes. In this area 3a, two power supply cables 4, which are embedded in the coal loop piece 1 and pressed with it, are led out of the coal loop piece. The narrow side 5, which is perpendicular to the side surface 3, represents the running surface of the coal loop piece, for example, resting on a commutator ring during operation.
Die Herstellung des er indungsgemäßen Kohleschleif¬ stücks kann gemäß Fig. 2 und 3 wie folgt durchge- führt werden: In einer separaten Form (nicht dar¬ gestellt) wird die Auflage 2 in Form eines flach- quaderförmigen Vorpreßlings-vorgepreßt, und zwar aus einem Kohlewerkstoff geringerer Leitfähigkeit, z.B. aus reinem Graphit. Anschließend wird die eigent- liehe Formmatritze 7 für das Kohleschlei stück mit dem ersten Kohlewerkstof 1' gefüllt, der ein Werk¬ stoff mit hoher Leitfähigkeit ist, insbesondere eine Mischung aus Graphit und Metallpulver. Auf die Ober¬ fläche der eingefüllten Pulverschicht l1 wird der Vor- preßling aufgelegt. Auf diese Anordnung wird dann von oben ein Stempel 9 abgesenkt, der Öffnungen zur Aufnahme der Stromzuleitungskabel 4 enthält. Durch Abwärtsbewegung des Stempels 9 werden einerseits die Enden der Stromzuleitungskabel 4 zeitlich neben dem Vorpreßling 2 in die Pulvermasse 1' eingedrückt - und im gleichen Arbeitsgang dann die Pulvermasse 1' zusammen mit dem Vorpreßling 2 zusammengedrückt und fertiggepreßt, so daß das Kohleschlei stück 1 als Verbundkörper entsteht. 2 and 3 can be carried out as follows: In a separate mold (not shown), the support 2 is pre-pressed in the form of a flat, cuboid-shaped pre-compact, namely from one Carbon material of lower conductivity, e.g. made of pure graphite. The actual molding die 7 for the coal slug is then filled with the first carbon material 1 ', which is a material with high conductivity, in particular a mixture of graphite and metal powder. The charged powder layer area l 1 to the Ober¬ the pros will be launched compact. A stamp 9, which contains openings for receiving the power supply cable 4, is then lowered onto this arrangement from above. By moving the plunger 9 down, the ends of the power supply cables 4 are pressed into the powder mass 1 'at the same time as the pre-compact 2 - and then in the same operation the powder mass 1' is pressed together with the pre-compact 2 and pressed, so that the coal loop piece 1 is formed as a composite.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Kohleschleifstück mit einem Preßkörper aus einem ersten Kohlewerkstoff, der auf einer Seitenfläche eine Auflage aus einem zweiten Kohlewerkstoff geringerer Leitfähigkeit trägt, und mit mindestens einer in den Preßkörper eingebettenen Stromzuleitung, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Auflage (2) die Seitenfläche (3) des KohleschleifStücks (1) nur teilweise bedeckt und daß die Stromzuleitung (4) an der gleichen Sei¬ tenfläche in deren von der Auflage (2) freigelassenen Be¬ reich (3a) aus dem Kohleschleifstück (1) herausgeführt ist.1. Carbon grinder with a press body made of a first carbon material, which carries a support made of a second carbon material of lower conductivity on one side surface, and with at least one power supply line embedded in the press body, characterized in that the support (2) the side surface (3) of the Coal grinding piece (1) is only partially covered and that the power supply line (4) is led out of the carbon grinding piece (1) on the same side surface in its area (3a) which is left free from the support (2).
2. Kohleschleifstück nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Auflage (2) aus einem Vorpreßling besteht, der mit dem Grundkörper (1) unlösbar preßverbunden ist. 2. Carbon grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (2) consists of a pre-compact, which is press-connected to the base body (1) inseparably.
3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines KohleschleifStücks nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h¬ n e t , daß in einem ersten Schritt die Auflage (2) aus einem Kohlewerkstoff geringerer Leitfähigkeit vor¬ gepreßt wird, daß anschließend in einer Formmatritze (7) der erste Kohlewerkstoff als Pulvermasse (l1) eingefüllt, auf die Oberfläche der Pulvermasse die vorgepreßte Auf¬ lage (2) aufgelegt und anschließend mit einem Stem¬ pel (7) die Pulvermasse (l1) und die Auflage (2) zu¬ sammengepreßt und miteinander verbunden und gleich¬ zeitig die Enden der Stromzuleitungen (4) in der Pulvermasse (l1) eingedrückt werden. 3. A method for producing a carbon abrasive piece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that in a first step, the support (2) is pre-pressed from a carbon material of lower conductivity, that then in a molding die (7) as the first carbon material Powder mass (l 1 ) filled, the pre-pressed overlay (2) placed on the surface of the powder mass and then with a stamp (7) the powder mass (l 1 ) and overlay (2) pressed together and connected to each other and at the same time the ends of the power supply lines (4) are pressed into the powder mass (l 1 ).
EP90900814A 1988-12-20 1989-12-20 Graphite trolley shoe and process for its manufacture Expired - Lifetime EP0449909B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90900814T ATE88039T1 (en) 1988-12-20 1989-12-20 CARBON GRINDING PIECE AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8815801U DE8815801U1 (en) 1988-12-20 1988-12-20 Carbon contact piece
DE8815801U 1988-12-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0449909A1 true EP0449909A1 (en) 1991-10-09
EP0449909B1 EP0449909B1 (en) 1993-04-07

Family

ID=6830966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90900814A Expired - Lifetime EP0449909B1 (en) 1988-12-20 1989-12-20 Graphite trolley shoe and process for its manufacture

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5285126A (en)
EP (1) EP0449909B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04500580A (en)
AT (1) ATE88039T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8815801U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2040108T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1990007211A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8815801U1 (en) * 1988-12-20 1989-02-23 Hoffmann & Co. Elektrokohle KG, Steeg Carbon contact piece
US5387832A (en) * 1991-04-25 1995-02-07 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Brush and commutator motor having brush device using the same
US5387831A (en) * 1993-05-27 1995-02-07 Yang; Tai-Her Low circulation loss compound brush
FR2709611B1 (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-11-10 Lorraine Carbone Method for manufacturing multi-layer brushes and brushes obtained by the method.
DE60136877D1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2009-01-22 Denso Corp Method for producing a multi-layer brush for a rotating electrical machine
JP3511513B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2004-03-29 三菱電機株式会社 Brush equipment
GB0303752D0 (en) * 2003-02-18 2003-03-26 Morgan Crucible Co Composite electrical brush construction

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US672449A (en) * 1900-08-31 1901-04-23 Emmet T Bowen Electrical conductor.
US701369A (en) * 1901-11-05 1902-06-03 Eastern Carbon Works Carbon brush and process of making same.
GB556465A (en) * 1942-03-02 1943-10-06 Morgan Crucible Co Improvements in or relating to electric current collecting brushes or the like
CH272683A (en) * 1947-12-24 1950-12-31 Morgan Crucible Company Limite Sandwich broom for electric machine.
DE1261589B (en) * 1966-05-17 1968-02-22 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Commutator brushes made of charcoal or electrographite and process for their manufacture
US3445704A (en) * 1967-12-26 1969-05-20 Morganite Inc Current collecting triple wafer brush assembly
FR2339263A1 (en) * 1976-01-21 1977-08-19 Lorraine Carbone BRUSHES WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES
DE2838144A1 (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-13 Ringsdorff Werke Gmbh Carbon brush for rotating machine - has felt layer of given thickness on trailing edge to increase commutation capacity
DE8815801U1 (en) * 1988-12-20 1989-02-23 Hoffmann & Co. Elektrokohle KG, Steeg Carbon contact piece
JPH0371582A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-03-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Brush
JP2981498B2 (en) * 1989-11-27 1999-11-22 三菱製紙株式会社 Emulsifier for microcapsule, microcapsule using the emulsifier, method for producing the same, and carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper using the microcapsule

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9007211A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0449909B1 (en) 1993-04-07
JPH04500580A (en) 1992-01-30
DE8815801U1 (en) 1989-02-23
ATE88039T1 (en) 1993-04-15
ES2040108T3 (en) 1993-10-01
US5285126A (en) 1994-02-08
WO1990007211A1 (en) 1990-06-28
DE58904027D1 (en) 1993-05-13

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