EP0449991A1 - Ressort a crosse pour vehicules - Google Patents

Ressort a crosse pour vehicules

Info

Publication number
EP0449991A1
EP0449991A1 EP19900903126 EP90903126A EP0449991A1 EP 0449991 A1 EP0449991 A1 EP 0449991A1 EP 19900903126 EP19900903126 EP 19900903126 EP 90903126 A EP90903126 A EP 90903126A EP 0449991 A1 EP0449991 A1 EP 0449991A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
spring
segments
rubber ring
spring according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19900903126
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hermann Ortwein
Peter Sperner
Elisabeth Ortwein
Gerd Dopl. Ing. Preuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peter BTR Gummiwerke AG
Original Assignee
Peter BTR Gummiwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19883843447 external-priority patent/DE3843447A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19893923888 external-priority patent/DE3923888A1/de
Application filed by Peter BTR Gummiwerke AG filed Critical Peter BTR Gummiwerke AG
Publication of EP0449991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0449991A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/08—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating rubber springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/305—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating rubber springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/087—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material
    • F16F3/0873—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material of the same material or the material not being specified
    • F16F3/0876—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material of the same material or the material not being specified and of the same shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roller spring for vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, consisting of a spring housing of a predetermined inner contour and a spring mandrel engaging in this predetermined outer contour, which is arranged via a rubber ring arranged in the space between the spring housing and spring mandrel under the action of a vertical and / or axial and / or support lateral force, with deflection in the region of a vertical and / or axial and / or lateral spring travel.
  • roller springs are particularly suitable as axle springs (so-called primary springs) and rocking springs (so-called secondary springs) for forming the connection between the upper body and the bogie of a vehicle, since they are largely maintenance-free, sound-absorbing and of great fatigue strength. They also ensure easy assembly and good accessibility and are particularly suitable for rail vehicles without load changes (such as locomotives) or with load changes (such as passenger and freight cars).
  • the roller springs which are attributable to the rubber springs, outperform other types of springs, such as steel springs and air springs, in their freedom from maintenance; they prevent immediate inoperability and have good emergency running properties.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the roller spring of the type mentioned and so designed that it can be easily assembled without special aids and, if necessary, disassembled again without exposing the rubber ring to a load.
  • the object is essentially achieved in that the rubber ring is arranged under tension between an outer ring and an inner ring, so that these parts form a spring element, and that the outer diameter of the outer ring and the inner diameter of the inner ring are dimensioned in this way are that the spring element is inserted with a clearance, transition or press fit between the spring housing and spring mandrel.
  • the rubber ring no longer has to be rolled in between the spring housing and the spring mandrel under strong stretching and compression; it is only pressed in between the spring housing and the spring mandrel.
  • the outer ring and / or the inner ring is formed by ring segments that extend over expansion areas or reduction areas are connected to each other and which are vulcanized to the inner circumference and / or to the outer circumference of the rubber ring.
  • the inner segments are opened for preloading the rubber ring or brought to a larger inner circumference, while the outer ring segments are preloaded to a smaller outer circumference.
  • the rings and, ' or the ring segments are arranged angularly symmetrically - with respect to the central axis of the rubber ring - so that the inner ring segments open and / or the outer ring segments close evenly, if necessary up to their stop , he follows. This ensures a uniform load on the rubber ring during operation of the roller spring.
  • ring segments are provided on the inner circumference and on the outer circumference of the rubber ring.
  • the ring segments take up about a quarter of the respective inner or outer circumference.
  • the ring segments of the inner ring expediently adjoin one another in parting lines in the non-prestressed state of the rubber ring.
  • the ring segments of the outer ring are separated by a gap or a reduction area in the non-prestressed state of the rubber ring.
  • the ring segments can then reduce the outer circumference of the rubber ring while reducing the gap width or the reduction the width of the area should be brought together until it stops
  • each gap or each reduction area is at least 5% of the diameter of the rubber ring.
  • the ring segments are connected via webs to the inner circumference or the outer circumference of the rubber ring, the mutually facing edge surfaces of which are concavely curved.
  • the rubber ring preferably has an essentially circular cross section. However, it is expedient that the rubber ring has flat ring surfaces on its inner circumference and on its outer circumference for receiving the ring segments.
  • connection surface between the rubber ring and the ring segments is preferably in the neutral zone of the rubber ring, so that the connection point is not stressed.
  • the assembly of the rubber ring can be further improved by the fact that the outer ring and the inner ring or the ring segments are conical and run concentrically around the central axis of the rubber ring.
  • the rubber ring it is also possible to design the rubber ring to be non-round, in particular oval, in plan view, so that there are different stiffnesses for different axes with regard to the radial loading of the rubber ring.
  • the rings or the ring segments are preferably made of metal; but they can also consist of rigid plastic.
  • the outer surfaces of the outer ring and the inner ring or of the ring segments are provided with a plastic layer with a low coefficient of friction.
  • the rubber ring consists of a plurality of ring-shaped sections lying concentrically in one plane, between each of which a preferably divided ring of ring segments is vulcanized.
  • roller spring according to the invention are further facilitated by the fact that the outer ring and / or the inner ring or the ring segments is provided with a bevel facing the spring housing or spring spring.
  • I shows a roller spring, which is primarily intended for the absorption of radial forces, in longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 2 shows a spring egg consisting of a rubber ring and an inner and an outer ring, in longitudinal section;
  • roller spring which is intended for absorbing radial and axial forces, in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 4 the roller spring according to FIG. 3, seen in the direction of the arrows x and y;
  • Fig. 6 is a coil spring, as a pull and push device
  • FIG. 8 is a spring element consisting of a rubber ring with ring segments vulcanized thereon for a roller spring realizing the invention, in plan view;
  • FIG. 9 shows the spring element according to FIG. 8 in a vertical section along the line A-A in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 shows another spring element with ring segments vulcanized thereon in a vertical section corresponding to FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 shows a spring element with an essentially oval shape for a roller spring according to the invention, in a top view
  • Fig. 12 three Feder ⁇ arranged concentrically to each other in a vertical section.
  • Rings 4 and 5 can be made of metal or plastic.
  • the ring 4 - as can be seen from FIG. 2 - is provided with a bevel 12 facing the spring housing 1 and the ring 5 with a bevel 13 facing the spring mandrel 2.
  • a sleeve 14 with an approximately trapezoidal cross section is inserted into the hollow cylinder forming the spring housing 1.
  • the side of the trapezoid facing the spring mandrel 2 can also - as indicated by dashed lines - be concave.
  • the width B of the smallest side of the trapezoid corresponds to the wall thickness W of the outer ring 4; this smallest side of the trapezoid lies against the end face of the outer ring 4.
  • Another sleeve 15 is pushed onto the shaft forming the spring mandrel 2.
  • This sleeve 15 also has an approximately trapezoidal cross section, in which case the side of the trapezoid facing the spring housing 1 can, as indicated by dashed lines, run concavely.
  • the third side b corresponds to the smallest side of the trapezoidal cross section of the wall thickness w of the inner ring 5.
  • the sleeve 14 and the sleeve 15 can be divided in the axial direction, wherein the sleeve 14 can consist of two or more individual parts.
  • the individual parts of the sleeves 14 and 15 are held together by standard parts such as screws, washers, split pins, pins or the like and locked in their position.
  • Fig. 5 shows a coil spring, in the bell-shaped spring housing 1.1 and 2.1 in the conical Federdcrn recesses 16 and 17 are provided for the rings 4 and 5.
  • two spring elements each consisting of a rubber ring 3 and rings 4 and 5 are arranged coaxially one behind the other within a common spring housing 1, 2 and on a common spring mandrel 2.2, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 7 two spring elements each consisting of a rubber ring 3 and rings 4 and 5 are arranged next to one another.
  • the spring elements have one thing in common Spring housing 1.3, but separate shafts forming the spring mandrel 2.3.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 In the embodiment of a spring element for a roller spring according to the invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, four circular cylindrical ring segments 4S, 5S are vulcanized onto the inner circumference Ui and onto the outer circumference Ua of the rubber ring 3.
  • the rubber ring 3 is shown in its shape before insertion into the roller spring.
  • the inner ring segments 5S with their mutually facing edge surfaces directly adjoin each other in a joint ⁇ , while the mutually facing edge surfaces of the outer ring segments 4S are spaced a few millimeters apart to form a gap 7.
  • the inner ring segments 5S can also be connected via expansion areas to form a closed ring instead of the joint 6, and likewise the outer ring segments 4S instead of the gaps 7 via flexible reduction areas, so that the desired expansion of the inner circumference and the desired reduction in the outer circumference of the Rubber ring 3 can be achieved when inserting the rubber ring 3 in the roller spring.
  • the ring segments 4S, 5S are each connected via webs 8 to the inner circumference Ui or the outer circumference Ua of the rubber ring 3.
  • the webs 8 are provided at their mutually facing ends with concavely curved edge surfaces 9, so that a recess II remains in the respectively closed position of the ring segments 4S, 5S, as can be seen in FIG. 8 for the inner ring segments 5S.
  • FIG. 8 As can be seen from FIG.
  • the three inner circumference Ui and the outer circumference Ua are formed on average with flat ring surfaces 10, onto which the ring segments 4S, 5S are vulcanized via the webs 8.
  • the surfaces of the ring segments 4S, 5S facing away from the rubber ring 3 are also made flat in section, so that the ring segments 4S, 5S essentially have a uniform wall thickness over their height.
  • the inner ring segments 5S can have a somewhat lower height than the outer ring segments 4S; at the lower edge (in FIG. 9), however, they can be at one level. While the rubber ring 3 on the upper side is aligned with the upper edge of the ring segments 4S, the rubber ring 3 on the lower side can protrude beyond the lower edges of the inner ring segments 5S and the outer ring segments 4S.
  • the connecting surfaces between the rubber ring 3 and the ring segments 4S, 5S are preferably located in the neutral zone of the rubber ring 3.
  • the ring segments 4S, 5S expediently consist of metal; but they can also consist of rigid plastic.
  • Fig. 10 it is indicated that the ring segments 4S, 5S do not have to be arranged parallel to the central axis X of the rubber ring 3, but with different inclination, depending on the desired characteristic, even further advantages can be achieved.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a spring element similar to the spring element shown in FIG. 8, but is oval in plan view, so that it has different stiffnesses in different axes when subjected to radial loads.
  • the inner ring segments 5S and the outer ring segments 4S are adapted to the oval contour.
  • Fig. 12 shows a spring element in a three-part embodiment, which in principle consists of three rubber rings 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 of different sizes, which lie concentrically one inside the other and between each of which a ring segment 4S ', 4S “, 5S', 5S” formed Ring is vulcanized. Between each rubber ring 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and each ring segment 4S ', 4S “, 53', 5S" there is a web 3.
  • the horizontal force is increased or the horizontal deflection is increased both laterally and axially, while at the same time the same spring travel as in the previously described embodiments is present with vertical deflection.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

Un ressort à crosse pour véhicules, notamment des véhicules sur rails, comprend un cadre (1) ayant un contour interne prédéterminé et une broche (2) de contour externe prédéterminé qui pénètre dans le cadre. Le cadre et la broche s'appuient l'un sur l'autre, par l'intermédiaire d'une bague en caoutchouc (3) agencée entre le cadre (1) et la broche (2), lorsqu'une force verticale et/ou axiale et/ou latérale est appliquée, le ressort étant comprimé sur un trajet élastique vertical et/ou axial et/ou latéral. A cet effet, la bague en caoutchouc (3) est agencée sous précontrainte entre une bague extérieure (4) et une bague intérieure (5), de sorte que ces parties forment un élément de ressort. Le diamètre extérieur de la bague extérieure (4) et le diamètre intérieur de la bague intérieure (5) sont déterminés de sorte que l'élément de ressort s'adapte entre le cadre (1) et la broche (2) avec un jeu, avec un ajustement serré ou avec un ajustement de transition.
EP19900903126 1988-12-23 1989-12-19 Ressort a crosse pour vehicules Pending EP0449991A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3843447 1988-12-23
DE19883843447 DE3843447A1 (de) 1988-12-23 1988-12-23 Rollfeder fuer fahrzeuge
DE3923888 1989-07-19
DE19893923888 DE3923888A1 (de) 1989-07-19 1989-07-19 Federvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0449991A1 true EP0449991A1 (fr) 1991-10-09

Family

ID=25875541

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900200466 Ceased EP0396161A1 (fr) 1988-12-23 1989-12-19 Ressort en caoutchouc roulant pour véhicules
EP19900903126 Pending EP0449991A1 (fr) 1988-12-23 1989-12-19 Ressort a crosse pour vehicules

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900200466 Ceased EP0396161A1 (fr) 1988-12-23 1989-12-19 Ressort en caoutchouc roulant pour véhicules

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0396161A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04503994A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990007446A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2407119T3 (es) * 2007-10-02 2013-06-11 Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh Equipo de amortiguamiento para el amortiguamiento de vibraciones de elementos estirados longitudinalmente
RU2454578C1 (ru) * 2011-02-14 2012-06-27 Лев Сергеевич Томилин Амортизатор
RU2462629C1 (ru) * 2011-06-01 2012-09-27 Лев Сергеевич Томилин Амортизатор
RU2500937C2 (ru) * 2011-07-27 2013-12-10 Эдуард Петрович Дергачев Упругое устройство и способ задания его характеристики
FR3078309B1 (fr) * 2018-02-26 2020-02-21 Poma Dispositif d'appui et de guidage d'un cable tracteur de vehicule d'une installation de transport, articulation d'un tel dispositif et procede de fabrication du dispositif
DE202018106398U1 (de) * 2018-11-12 2018-12-03 Dirk Ackmann Federvorrichtung für eine federelastische Lagerung von Fahrzeugteilen, insbesondere von Radachsen in Drehgestellen

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE479697A (fr) * 1948-01-17 1948-02-16
US1992631A (en) * 1931-12-10 1935-02-26 Tecalemit Ltd Flexible joint and method of making same
US2231195A (en) * 1936-05-25 1941-02-11 Transit Res Corp Rail truck
US2265392A (en) * 1940-02-09 1941-12-09 Miner Inc W H Shock absorber
GB629354A (en) * 1946-03-20 1949-09-19 Leon Francois Thiry Improvements in or relating to resilient load-transmitting devices
FR58557E (fr) * 1947-12-27 1954-01-27 Pirelli Support amortisseur de vibrations pour machines
DE2404768A1 (de) * 1974-02-01 1975-08-07 Clouth Gummiwerke Ag Federvorrichtung
DE2541037A1 (de) * 1975-09-15 1977-03-17 Clouth Gummiwerke Ag Elastische lagerung
US4444122A (en) * 1981-08-27 1984-04-24 The Budd Company Primary suspension system for a railway car
DE8901526U1 (de) * 1989-02-10 1989-04-06 Vorwerk & Sohn Gmbh & Co Kg, 5600 Wuppertal Gummi/Metall-Buchse

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9007446A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04503994A (ja) 1992-07-16
EP0396161A1 (fr) 1990-11-07
WO1990007446A1 (fr) 1990-07-12

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