EP0451808B1 - Méthode de compactage, en particulier une couche de neige inclinée et dispositif pour sa réalisation - Google Patents

Méthode de compactage, en particulier une couche de neige inclinée et dispositif pour sa réalisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451808B1
EP0451808B1 EP19910105672 EP91105672A EP0451808B1 EP 0451808 B1 EP0451808 B1 EP 0451808B1 EP 19910105672 EP19910105672 EP 19910105672 EP 91105672 A EP91105672 A EP 91105672A EP 0451808 B1 EP0451808 B1 EP 0451808B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
snow
ground
slope
layer
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910105672
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0451808A1 (fr
Inventor
Johann Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bellutti Arthur
Original Assignee
Bellutti Arthur
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bellutti Arthur filed Critical Bellutti Arthur
Publication of EP0451808A1 publication Critical patent/EP0451808A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0451808B1 publication Critical patent/EP0451808B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H4/00—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow
    • E01H4/02—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow for sporting purposes, e.g. preparation of ski trails; Construction of artificial surfacings for snow or ice sports ; Trails specially adapted for on-the-snow vehicles, e.g. devices adapted for ski-trails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for solidifying a particularly inclined snow cover and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the snow of a blanket of snow undergoes a transformation process, starting with fresh, fresh snow, within which there are a number of different stages, at the end of which there is melting or glacial ice formation.
  • a transformation process starting with fresh, fresh snow, within which there are a number of different stages, at the end of which there is melting or glacial ice formation.
  • the conversion process is divided into three phases, namely the degrading metamorphosis, during which the snow crystals shrink and the snow cover settles, then the constructive metamorphosis , during which the snow crystals combine to form larger crystals, but there is no further lowering of the snow cover and finally into the melting metamorphosis, during which the crystals melt, the water content increases and, with further reduction of the air pore space, the snow cover settles again.
  • stages in all three phases in which the bond to the ground or between individual layers of snow is low e.g. B. significantly increases the risk of avalanches.
  • the snow has a high strength at the beginning of the melting metamorphosis, as long as the moisture is low, or also in further stages of the melting metamorphosis, when the water freezes again in the snow with a higher water content. This can be observed, for example, when there is a freeze-thaw change between night and day, when a superficial layer of crust forms.
  • the process of converting snow also depends on the temperature conditions. Each phase is accelerated by higher temperatures.
  • the snowpack becomes warm on the one hand from the ground and on the other hand from the sun, whereby only the outermost layers are significantly influenced, since snow has a very poor thermal conductivity. Middle layers of a layer of snow therefore change much more slowly.
  • the invention has now set itself the task of developing a method and a device that allow to solidify the snow cover of slopes, particularly at risk of avalanches, by accelerating the conversion process.
  • the method according to the invention forms approximately frustoconical blocks of high-strength snow. For example, these can stabilize the entire snow cover when the appropriate distances are selected, thus drastically reducing the risk of avalanches.
  • the frustoconical blocks reach an upper diameter, which corresponds approximately to the height of the snow cover, and a lower diameter, which is approximately 50% larger.
  • An application example could provide such heat conduction paths at a distance of between 10 m and 15 m from one another, with firn snow blocks having a base diameter of about 1.5 m to 2 m being formed at a snow depth of 1 m to 1.5 m.
  • the process is favored if the heat conduction paths are led into the ground, since this not only means heat from the snow layer near the ground, but also Geothermal energy is introduced directly into the middle layers of snow.
  • the method according to the invention for stabilizing snow on ski slopes which is already present in the final stages of the melting metamorphosis, is also used, for example in the event of warm weather or rising temperatures in spring, as long as the temperature drops correspondingly at night.
  • the cold that reaches the ground via the heat transfer paths to the ground can freeze the snow that has melted during the day, so that the usability of the ski slope can be maintained or extended.
  • US-A 4,111,258 proposes heat pipes that are buried in the ground to dissipate heat thawing from the ground into the colder ambient air.
  • Other designs of heat pipes are known, for example, from EP-B 217 777 and the publications cited therein. They represent a closed, quasi-isothermal system in which heat is transported by evaporation or evaporation and condensation of suitable liquid, in particular in capillary tracks or channels, with a much improved thermal conductivity compared to metals.
  • heat pipes rising approximately perpendicularly from the ground are also used to solidify a layer of snow.
  • the heat pipes can be in holders to be placed on the ground or anchored in the ground fixed, but they are preferably buried directly into the ground where possible.
  • heat pipes according to the invention are not able at all due to their small diameter and the lack of cross-connections To form an obstacle to sliding.
  • a device which is particularly suitable for solidifying the snow cover provides, according to the invention, that a plurality of heat pipes rising approximately perpendicularly from the ground are bundled in a cladding tube which has peripheral openings.
  • the cladding tube protects the heat pipes against mechanical external stress as much as possible.
  • a further embodiment provides that two heat pipes form upstanding end sections of a heat pipe laid on or in the ground.
  • the upstanding end sections can be arranged at the edge of the ski slope and above the lying section, cold is supplied in particular to the surface of the earth that is too warm and to the melted lowermost layer of snow.
  • the slope shown in Fig. 1 has areas of lower and areas of greater inclination. Angles of inclination for avalanches are between approximately 20 ° and 60 °, in particular between 30 ° and 45 °.
  • Heat pipes 2 that form heat conduction paths or that are bundled in cladding tubes 3 penetrate the snow cover 6 and are in particular anchored in the ground 1, for example buried.
  • the heat pipes 2 conduct heat from the ground 1 or the layer of snow close to the ground into the middle layer and cold from the air or the top layer of snow into the middle layer and to the ground 1, the extent of the heat or cold transport depending on the general temperature conditions and the Temperature differences between day and night or between the ground and snow cover surface.
  • the heat pipes 2 are arranged more densely in more inclined areas and less inclined areas can be left free.
  • Fig. 2 shows the surrounding area of a cladding tube 3, in which a bundle of heat pipes 2 is arranged, and which is buried in the ground.
  • the heat pipes 2 can extend on the underside like a root into the surrounding area, and on the not shown upper end of the cladding tube 3, a cover is preferably attached.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the erection and its arrangement on ski slopes 8.
  • Two heat pipes 2 each, which individually or bundled at the edge of the ski slope 8 penetrate their snow cover 6, which is not shown here, approximately vertically, represent end sections of a heat pipe 5 which is preferably laid superficially in the ground and which crosses the ski slope 8.
  • the heat pipes 5 serve to maintain the ski slope 8, which can therefore be used for an extended period, since, in the case of general warming, in the spring, for example, it enables the nightly cold to be fed into the water-containing layer of snow, which, like the surface layer, freezes as a result.
  • Heat pipes 5, the end sections of which stand up can also be provided to maintain or extend the usability of cross-country trails which contain not only inclined but also horizontal sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de consolidation d'une couche de neige (6), en particulier d'une couche en pente, caractérisé en ce que des trajets de conduction thermique sont ménagés dans la couche de neige (6) en la traversant à peu près perpendiculairement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les trajets de conduction thermique sont menés jusque dans le sol (1).
  3. Application de caloducs (2) s'élevant à peu près perpendiculairement à partir du sol (1) pour consolider une couche de neige (6), en particulier une couche en pente.
  4. Dispositif de consolidation d'une couche de neige (6), en particulier d'une couche en pente, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs caloducs (2) s'élevant à peu près perpendiculairement à partir du sol (1) sont disposés en faisceau dans une gaine tubulaire (3) qui présente des ouvertures périphériques (4).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que deux tronçons de caloduc ascendants (2) constituent les parties d'extrémité d'un caloduc (5) posé sur le sol (1) ou enterré dans le sol.
EP19910105672 1990-04-10 1991-04-10 Méthode de compactage, en particulier une couche de neige inclinée et dispositif pour sa réalisation Expired - Lifetime EP0451808B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84590A AT392992B (de) 1990-04-10 1990-04-10 Verfahren zum verfestigen einer insbesondere geneigten schneedecke und eine einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
AT845/90 1990-04-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451808A1 EP0451808A1 (fr) 1991-10-16
EP0451808B1 true EP0451808B1 (fr) 1994-06-22

Family

ID=3501102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910105672 Expired - Lifetime EP0451808B1 (fr) 1990-04-10 1991-04-10 Méthode de compactage, en particulier une couche de neige inclinée et dispositif pour sa réalisation

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0451808B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT392992B (fr)
DE (1) DE59101970D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19722770A1 (de) * 1997-06-02 1998-12-03 Friedolf Mutschler Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung der Entstehung von Lawinen und dgl. Fließschnee-Phänomenen
FR2914989B1 (fr) * 2007-04-13 2009-07-24 Johnson Controls Neige Soc Par Installation d'enneigement et logette pour une telle installation.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1056674A (fr) * 1952-05-17 1954-03-01 Caisson de retenue
US4111258A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-09-05 Exxon Production Research Company Split air convection pile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0451808A1 (fr) 1991-10-16
DE59101970D1 (de) 1994-07-28
ATA84590A (de) 1990-12-15
AT392992B (de) 1991-07-25

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