EP0456786A1 - Processing of ceramic materials with radio-frequencies of the microwave and uhf zones both modulated or non-modulated - Google Patents
Processing of ceramic materials with radio-frequencies of the microwave and uhf zones both modulated or non-modulatedInfo
- Publication number
- EP0456786A1 EP0456786A1 EP90917267A EP90917267A EP0456786A1 EP 0456786 A1 EP0456786 A1 EP 0456786A1 EP 90917267 A EP90917267 A EP 90917267A EP 90917267 A EP90917267 A EP 90917267A EP 0456786 A1 EP0456786 A1 EP 0456786A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modulated
- uhf
- microwave
- firing
- frequencies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PBZHKWVYRQRZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O Chemical class [Si+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PBZHKWVYRQRZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
Definitions
- the present innovation introduces radio frequencies for the defrost and the drying of raw matterials.
- the present innovation introduces the use of radio frequencies so as to provide the ceramic material with the energy required to obtain its final molecular structure i .e. the "firing" of the ceramic material.
- Ceramics are generally considered to be dielectric materials. When such a material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency (in the present case UHF or microwaves) then a higher or lower temperature is produced. A correct selection of the energy level and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave gives a dramatic increase of the heat in the mass of the dielectric.
- a given frequency in the present case UHF or microwaves
- the hardware required for the application of this method consists of :
- the shaped product placed on the conveyor enters the chamber where by means of the electromagnetic radiation the water present in the mass is evaporated and is being removed by the drafts created with the electric fans. Then the "firing" process begins by means of high power electromagnetic radiation modulated if necessary .
- the frequencies employed are closely related to the mineral present in the mass, the thickness of the mass and the geometrical features of the product.
- the power of the electromagnetic wave to be radiated is closely related to electromagnetic features of the ceramic mass, and is controlled by means of a microprocessor.
- the necessary power distribution is obtained by means of the antenna system and the number of electromagnetic sources employed and is determined by the time required for the "firing" process.
- the required frequency spectrum and bandwidth is obtained by means of modulation, while the various modes by mode stirrers. The whole procedure is computer controlled.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention prévoit l'emploi de hautes fréquences modulées ou non modulées des zones de micro-ondes et UHF, dans le traitement de matériaux céramiques. Le terme ''traitement'' signifie le dégivrage et le séchage de matière première lorsque cela est nécessaire, le séchage du produit façonné et la ''cuisson'' afin d'obtenir sa structure moléculaire finale. Le terme ''céramique'' signifie matériau ''inorganique non métallique''.The invention provides for the use of modulated or unmodulated high frequencies of microwave and UHF zones in the treatment of ceramic materials. The term "treatment" means defrosting and drying of raw material when necessary, drying of the shaped product and "cooking" in order to obtain its final molecular structure. The term "ceramic" means material "inorganic non-metallic".
Description
PROCESSING OF CERAMIC MATERIALS WITH RADIO - FREQUENCIES OF THE MICROWAVE AND UHF ZONES BOTH MODULATED OR NON-MODULATED
The up to date technology in proccesing raw matterials for the decrease of humidity (drying) for the production of ceramic products was engaging drying drums and hot air or open flame. The present innovation introduces radio frequencies for the defrost and the drying of raw matterials.
The drying of shaped products traditionally incorporated atmospheric air , the sun and later dryers by means of hot air. Heating of the air is now achieved by means of generators of hot air (heat exchangers). The present innovation introduces the use of radio frequencies for the drying of shaped ceramic products, in considerably shorter time.
The firing of ceramic products , a procedure in which the ceramic material obtains by means of exothermic and isothermic chemical reactions its final molecular structure, which is more stable than that of the unfired (higher energy level), was employing, up to date, firing ovens electrical or open flame ones using for the combustion anything that can be burned (e.g. coal, oil, gas, wood products and by-products etc.) in an oxidizing or reducing or other atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen).
The present innovation introduces the use of radio frequencies so as to provide the ceramic material with the energy required to obtain its final molecular structure i .e. the "firing" of the ceramic material.
Ceramics are generally considered to be dielectric materials. When such a material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency (in the present case UHF or microwaves) then a higher or lower temperature is produced. A correct selection of the energy level and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave gives a dramatic increase of the heat in the mass of the dielectric.
The above described innovation intends on the following :
1 . Minimization of the time for drying and "firing" of the ceramic material.
2. In cases that the application of the tradional methods of firing are unsuccessful or impossible (e.g. highly insulating ceramic masses) this method is giving satisfactory solutions.
3. With this method only one chamber could be required for both drying and firing, and possibly vitrifying instead of a dryer and a kiln that is now used.
The hardware required for the application of this method consists of :
1 ._ a number of "chambers" (one or more)
2._ electromagnetic radiation source arrays and their power supplies and modulators (if needed)
3._ Waveguides or Coaxial cables
4._ Antennas (slot arrays or linear dipole or monopole arrays)
5._ Mode stirrers
6._ Convey or transparent to the frequency of t h e electromagnetic wave applied
7._ Ventilation fans
8._ Microprocessors controlling the measuring devices and the safety aspects
9._ Measuring devices and safety controls.
The above mentioned hardware is placed between the shaping machinery and the automatic packaging of the final product.
The shaped product placed on the conveyor enters the chamber where by means of the electromagnetic radiation the water present in the mass is evaporated and is being removed by the drafts created with the electric fans. Then the "firing" process begins by means of high power electromagnetic radiation modulated if necessary . The frequencies employed are closely related to the mineral present in the mass, the thickness of the mass and the geometrical features of the product. The power of the electromagnetic wave to be radiated is closely related to electromagnetic features of the ceramic mass, and is controlled by means of a microprocessor. The necessary power distribution is obtained by means of the antenna system and the number of electromagnetic sources employed and is determined by the time required for the
"firing" process. The required frequency spectrum and bandwidth is obtained by means of modulation, while the various modes by mode stirrers. The whole procedure is computer controlled.
An example of an application where the traditional method of firing is unsatisfactory compared to this innovation is the firing of high thermal resistance building clay blocks. The mass of these blocks is designed and manufactured so as to resist the conduction of heat. Consequently firing of such products requires very long firing schedules with subsequent tremendous energy waste. With this innovation, given the ability of radio frequencies of the UHF and microwave zone to penetrate and attenuate solely in the dielectric mass, the "firing" of the mass is achieved without heat losses in the surrounding environment and subsequent delay in the "firing" schedule.
Claims
1 . Method of preparation of raw material (defrosting and humidity regulation) and the combined drying and subsequent "firing" of heavy clay shaped products (clay bricks, roofing tiles, pavers) characterized by the application of the technology of radio frequencies (both modulated and non- modulated) of the UHF and microwave zone.
2. Method according to claim 1 . for the production of ceramic wall and floor tiles, sanitary ware and whitewashes (cutlery and decorative).
3. Method according to claim 1 . for the production of special ceramics and high technology ceramics (silicon nitrates, silicon carbides, high zircon oxides and high alumina oxides).
4. Method according to claim 1 . for the production of cement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR90200248U GR2000727Y (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1989-11-28 | Ceramic materials treatment by radio frequency |
| GR90020248 | 1989-11-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0456786A1 true EP0456786A1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
Family
ID=10940511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90917267A Withdrawn EP0456786A1 (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1990-11-28 | Processing of ceramic materials with radio-frequencies of the microwave and uhf zones both modulated or non-modulated |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0456786A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6753490A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG94897A (en) |
| GR (1) | GR2000727Y (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991008177A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2315654B (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2000-08-09 | Ea Tech Ltd | Radio-frequency and microwave-assisted processing of materials |
| RU2197424C1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-01-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Ярси" | Aluminosilicate material production process |
| WO2016105293A2 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-06-30 | ECZACIBAŞI YAPI GEREÇLERİ SANAYİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKETİ ANONIM SIRKETi | A method with respect to the use of microwave oven in the production of ceramic sanitary ware |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2331663A1 (en) * | 1973-06-22 | 1975-01-16 | Albert Refratechnik | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CHEMICALLY BONDED FIRE-RESISTANT MOLDED BODIES |
| JPS5823349B2 (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1983-05-14 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Tai Kabutunoshiyouketsuhouhou |
| US4140887A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1979-02-20 | Special Metals Corporation | Method for microwave heating |
| DE3518914A1 (en) * | 1985-05-25 | 1986-11-27 | Christof Dipl.-Ing. Ropertz (FH), 7050 Waiblingen | Microwave dryer |
-
1989
- 1989-11-28 GR GR90200248U patent/GR2000727Y/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-11-28 EP EP90917267A patent/EP0456786A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-11-28 WO PCT/GR1990/000009 patent/WO1991008177A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-11-28 AU AU67534/90A patent/AU6753490A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1991
- 1991-07-26 BG BG094897A patent/BG94897A/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9108177A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6753490A (en) | 1991-06-26 |
| BG94897A (en) | 1993-12-24 |
| GR2000727Y (en) | 1991-10-10 |
| WO1991008177A1 (en) | 1991-06-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19911111 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19930524 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19941217 |