EP0459008A2 - Outil de forage pour forage dirigé - Google Patents

Outil de forage pour forage dirigé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0459008A2
EP0459008A2 EP90115963A EP90115963A EP0459008A2 EP 0459008 A2 EP0459008 A2 EP 0459008A2 EP 90115963 A EP90115963 A EP 90115963A EP 90115963 A EP90115963 A EP 90115963A EP 0459008 A2 EP0459008 A2 EP 0459008A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling tool
tool according
pressure
drilling
outer housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90115963A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0459008B1 (fr
EP0459008A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Faber
Dagobert Feld
Volker Dr.-Ing. Krüger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC
Original Assignee
Eastman Christensen Co
Eastman Teleco Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Christensen Co, Eastman Teleco Co filed Critical Eastman Christensen Co
Priority to CA 2043695 priority Critical patent/CA2043695C/fr
Priority to NO912127A priority patent/NO301900B1/no
Publication of EP0459008A2 publication Critical patent/EP0459008A2/fr
Publication of EP0459008A3 publication Critical patent/EP0459008A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0459008B1 publication Critical patent/EP0459008B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/04—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
    • E21B23/0412—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion characterised by pressure chambers, e.g. vacuum chambers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/04—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
    • E21B23/042—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion using a single piston or multiple mechanically interconnected pistons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/04—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
    • E21B23/0422—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion characterised by radial pistons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling tool for sinking bores into underground rock formations, with the specification of a selectable direction course for the borehole in an embodiment according to the preamble of the claim
  • a hydraulic system housed in the tool with a hydraulic accumulator and a hydraulic pump is provided for the application of the force transducers.
  • the force transmitters act on control skids that are pressed against the borehole wall.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a drilling tool of the type mentioned with a significantly simplified hydraulic system for the control of the force transducer, and the invention solves this problem by a drilling tool with the features of claim 1.
  • the claims 2 to 30 referenced.
  • the drilling tool according to the invention uses for the Derivation of the required directional forces of the drilling fluid, which is present anyway, as a hydraulic medium, so that the structural design of the tool is considerably simplified.
  • the hydraulic pressure chambers of the force transmitters are preferably continuously flowed through, apart from temporary interruptions, so that sediment formation has been effectively countered.
  • the force transducers can bring about a displacement of the outer housing of the drilling tool together with the chisel drive shaft, but instead the chisel drive shaft can also be supported in the outer housing to a limited extent in a radially displaceable manner and can be displaced from one position in the outer housing to a different position for straightening purposes by means of a plurality of distributors arranged over the circumference .
  • Such a configuration relocates the component displacements required in the event of changes of direction into the interior of the drilling tool, which simplifies the design of the outer housing.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a drilling tool for drilling holes in underground rock formations, which comprises an outer housing 1 with a stabilizer 100 and a chisel drive shaft 3 rotating in the outer housing 1 and having a rotary drill bit 2 on its projecting end.
  • the outer housing 1 can be connected via the upper connecting means, in particular an upper connecting thread 4, illustrated in the drilling tool according to FIG. 2, to a drill pipe string, as is schematically indicated in FIGS. 2 to 5, through which drilling fluid is supplied to the drilling tool.
  • the chisel drive shaft 3 is driven by a hydraulic drive motor, not shown, located in the upper area of the drilling tool in the outer housing, e.g. a Moineau engine or a turbine.
  • the outer housing 1 is provided with four hydraulically actuated force transmitters 6, 7, 8, 9, which are distributed over the circumference and are arranged in a common plane and form a group.
  • Each drilling tool preferably has a plurality of groups of force transmitters 6 to 9 which are arranged one above the other at a distance, of which expediently the force transmitters which are aligned one above the other in the vertical direction are hydraulically controlled to actuate them together.
  • a control device is provided for the hydraulic actuation of the force transducers 6, 7, 8, 9. in the presence of a plurality of groups of force transmitters arranged one above the other, each group of force transmitters having the same effect, has an electrically actuable control valve.
  • FIG. 1 only the control valves 10 and 12 for acting on the force transmitters 6 and 8 or force transmitters assigned to them in the same way are shown. However, it goes without saying that corresponding valves are also provided for the force transmitters 7 and 9.
  • the electromagnets 14, 16 of the control valves 10, 12 are connected to a signal transmitter, as indicated schematically at 18 for the drilling tool according to FIG. 2.
  • This signal generator 18, together with a further signal generator 19, which can be provided for different control tasks and is illustrated schematically in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a sensor at 20, in addition to which further sensors 21, 22 can be provided for position data, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the electrical supply can be secured via batteries 23 which, like the other electrical and sensory components of the control device, can be accommodated in an annular space 24 of the outer housing 1.
  • batteries 23 which, like the other electrical and sensory components of the control device, can be accommodated in an annular space 24 of the outer housing 1.
  • an energy supply using an electrical generator driven by a turbine is also conceivable.
  • the turbine can be operated by drilling fluid.
  • the force transmitters 6, 7, 8, 9 or force transmitters connected in parallel to each other act on pressure pieces 26, 27, 28, 29, which are supported in or on the outer housing 1 so as to be displaceable in and out, and like the four force transmitters 6, 7, 8.9 can be applied to the borehole wall 30 at a central angle of 90 °.
  • Each hydraulic pressure chamber 32, 33, 34, 35 of a force transmitter 6, 7, 8, 9 is optionally higher with a drilling fluid via a connecting channel 36, 37, 38, 39 and the control valve assigned to it (10, 12 for the connecting channels 36, 38) Pressure or with drilling fluid of lower pressure.
  • a feed line is provided above the group of force transmitters 6, 7, 8, 9 per connection channel 36, 37, 38, 39, of which only the feed lines 40, 42 for the connection channels 36 and 38 are illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • These feed lines are each controlled by the associated control valve (such as the control valves 10, 12) and open out from an annular gap 43 which is connected to drilling fluid of higher pressure via a branch line 44 which leads to the annular space 45 in the bit drive shaft 3.
  • the connecting channels 36, 37, 38, 39 each open via a throttle point into the annular space and thus into an area with drilling fluid of lower pressure, as is illustrated in FIG. 1 at 46 and 48 for the connecting channels 36 and 38.
  • a pressure is formed in the connecting channels 36, 37, 38, 39 and the pressure chambers 32, 33, 34, 35 connected to them, which is higher than the pressure that arises when the control valves are closed.
  • a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the flushing in the annular space is formed in the connecting channels 36, 37, 38, 39 via their connection to the annular space 50, which pressure is lower than the drilling fluid pressure in the drilling tool.
  • the connecting channels 36, 37, 38, 39 between their ends are connected via a branch channel 56, 57, 58, 59 to the associated pressure space 36, 37, 38, 39 of the force generator 6, 7, 8. 9 connected, and the pressure change in the pressure chambers corresponds to the pressure change as it forms in the connection channels 36, 37, 38, 39, which are pressurized at one end with higher drilling fluid and at the other end with lower drilling fluid.
  • the application of higher pressure drilling fluid can also be derived from the annular space 50 surrounding the outer housing 1 in the flow direction in front of a throttle point for the drilling fluid flowing through the annular space and with lower pressure drilling fluid from the annular space 50 behind such a throttle point.
  • a throttle point can be formed, for example, by a stabilizer.
  • the force transducers comprise pistons 66, 67, 68, 69 or 266, 267, 268, 269 (FIG. 5), as is the case with the force transducers 6, 7, 8, 9 or 206, 207, 208, 209, which are accommodated in cylinder spaces in the outer housing 1, then the Sealing gap between piston and cylinder form the connecting channel or channel part connected to the drilling fluid with lower pressure.
  • the mutually facing surfaces are advantageously armored with a hard metal.
  • control valves are preferably designed with an unbranched valve channel that can only be changed in its flow cross-section, which the valve bodies either release or completely or partially close in the closed position.
  • the latter design has the advantage that in the closed position of the control valve, this only forms a throttle point.
  • the pistons 66, 67, 68, 69 provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 act on the inside of pressure pieces 26, 27, 28, 29, which are limitedly displaceable by stops 80 on guide lugs 76, 77, 78, 79 of the outer housing 1 out and are designed as stabilizer ribs.
  • the chisel drive shaft 3 is supported in the outer housing 1 to a limited extent and can be displaced radially and by means of four force transmitters 106, 107, 108, 109 (FIG. 4) or 206, 207, 208, 209 (FIG. 5) - or a multiple thereof in the case of several groups acting in parallel - relocatable from one position in the outer housing 1 to another position for directional purposes.
  • the force transmitters 106, 107, 108, 109 are designed as bellows pistons, which delimit a pressure chamber 132, 133, 134, 135, which are connected via connecting channels 136, 137, 138, 139 (FIG. 4) to the drilling fluid in the manner described above in connection with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • This also applies to the embodiment according to FIG. 5 with the connecting channels 236, 237, 238, 239 illustrated there, which are assigned to the pressure spaces 236, 237, 238, 239.
  • the arrangement of the control valves 110, 112 with their electromagnetic drives 114 and 116 also corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • a force transmitter group is usually provided for specifying a basic position for the bit drive shaft 3 and / or the pressure pieces 26, 27, 28, 29.
  • This group of force transmitters 306, 308 (FIGS. 1 and 6) has stepped pistons 316, 318 that act as centering pistons and extend against a stop. In the end position abutting the stop, such pistons 316, 318 give the thrust pieces 26, 27, 28, 29 a basic position, for example a centering position. 2 provides the chisel drive shaft 3 with a corresponding basic or centering position in the outer housing 1.
  • the force transmitter 306, 308, which specifies the basic position, for example a centering position, for the chisel drive shaft 3 and / or the pressure pieces 26, 27, 28, 29 can be acted upon hydraulically independently of the other force transmitters, either in the sense of a separate, independent control or in the sense of an uncontrolled one Permanent loading.
  • the force transducers 306, 308, which determine the basic position can all or partially be applied to drilling fluid of lower pressure in the event of desired displacements of the bit drive shaft 3 or of the outer housing 1, in order to minimize the resistance to displacements by the other groups of force generators.
  • the force transducers that are relevant for the basic position specification form a fail-safe device which, in the event of a failure of the control device, ensures that the drilling operation can be continued by drilling straight ahead.
  • the force transducers which are relevant for a displacement of the chisel drive shaft 3 or the pressure pieces 26, 27, 28, 29 of the outer housing 1 from their basic position are substantially greater forces on the chisel drive shaft 3 or the pressure pieces 26, 27, 28 , 29 can exercise than that is possible for the force setting the basic position.
  • This can be brought about by appropriate design of the pressure surfaces of the respective force transmitters or also by the fact that several groups of force transmitters are provided for the changes in direction.
  • Such an overpressure of the force transmitters specifying the basic position by the force transmitters which are decisive for shifting the direction can, however be achieved even when all power providers and joint control are applied together.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 provides for a combinable equipment of a drilling tool with an internal and an external control.
  • the pistons 266, 267, 268, 269 delimit a pressure space 232, 233, 234, 235 on one side, which at the same time forms the pressure space for the pistons 466, 467, 468 and 469 of a force transmitter 406, 407, 408, 409 which acts on pressure pieces 426, 427, 428, 429.
  • These pressure pieces 426, 427, 428 and 429 can be designed as stabilizer ribs and guided on the outer housing 1, as was described in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the pressure chamber 232, 233, 234, 235 is acted upon with drilling fluid from the connecting channels 236, 237, 238, 239, as was described in connection with FIG. 1 above.
  • the force transmitters 106, 107, 108, 109 and 206, 207, 208, 209 act on a bush 81, which can have tendon-shaped flats in the pressure engagement areas with the force transmitters.
  • the sleeve 81 delimits a cylindrical bearing shell 82, in which the bit drive shaft 3 is rotatably mounted.
  • the bearing shell 82 can also be a rotating part of the chisel drive shaft 3. This avoids wear and improves the load distribution.
  • FIG. 6a shows in its right half a hydraulic loading plan for the embodiment according to FIG. 2 with a control valve 110 in the area of the connection channel 136 with a higher drilling fluid pressure, and in the left half an embodiment with an arrangement of a control valve 210 in the area of the connection channel 136 with lower drilling fluid pressure.
  • Throttling points 48 are in the area not provided with the control valve 110, 210 of the connecting channel 136 is provided, which can correspond to the throttling points 48 (FIG. 1).
  • all the force transmitters are actuated jointly and the force transmitters 306, 308 are displaced by the other force transmitters 106, 108 in the event of displacements from the basic position.
  • FIG. 6b illustrates an application plan for an embodiment according to FIG. 2, in which the force generators 306, 308 which provide the basic position receive an independent, uncontrolled application via a branch channel branching off from the connecting channel 136 above its control valve 110.
  • the force transmitters 306, 308 are subjected to permanent loading, which is also effective when the control of the force transmitters 106, 108, e.g. should fail due to a defect in the electronics of the control device.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 schematically illustrate possible variations in the arrangement of the force transmitters within the drilling tool.
  • FIG. 7 shows an arrangement of force transmitters 106, 108 acting on the bit drive shaft 3 near the bit-side end of the drilling tool
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment with force transmitters acting on pressure pieces 26, 28, which are located near the end of the drilling tool facing away from the rotary drill bit 2.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment with pressure pieces 26, 28 acted upon by force transmitters, which in this case are arranged near the end of the drilling tool on the bit side.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP90115963A 1990-06-01 1990-08-21 Outil de forage pour forage dirigé Expired - Lifetime EP0459008B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2043695 CA2043695C (fr) 1990-06-01 1991-05-31 Outil de forage pour le creusage de puits dans la roche
NO912127A NO301900B1 (no) 1990-06-01 1991-06-03 Boreverktöy til boring i underjordiske bergformasjoner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4017761A DE4017761A1 (de) 1990-06-01 1990-06-01 Bohrwerkzeug zum abteufen von bohrungen in unterirdische gesteinsformationen
DE4017761 1990-06-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0459008A2 true EP0459008A2 (fr) 1991-12-04
EP0459008A3 EP0459008A3 (en) 1993-01-13
EP0459008B1 EP0459008B1 (fr) 1996-05-22

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ID=6407673

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90115963A Expired - Lifetime EP0459008B1 (fr) 1990-06-01 1990-08-21 Outil de forage pour forage dirigé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5168941A (fr)
EP (1) EP0459008B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4017761A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

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EP0530045A1 (fr) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-03 Camco Drilling Group Limited Unités de déviation réglables pour systèmes de forage rotatif à déviation dirigeable
EP0524042B1 (fr) * 1991-07-16 1996-09-11 Institut Francais Du Petrole Dispositif actionné par pression hydrostatique de fluide de forage
WO1997044564A1 (fr) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-27 Andergauge Limited Appareil de forage
WO1999058807A1 (fr) * 1998-05-13 1999-11-18 Rotech Holdings Limited Dispositif de guidage
RU2284402C2 (ru) * 2005-01-11 2006-09-27 Александр Васильевич Лягов Ориентатор
EA013913B1 (ru) * 2008-03-18 2010-08-30 Сзао "Новинка" Ориентатор

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US5168941A (en) 1992-12-08
EP0459008B1 (fr) 1996-05-22
DE4017761A1 (de) 1991-12-05
EP0459008A3 (en) 1993-01-13

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