EP0459017B1 - Procédé adapté à la fabrication d'une fermeture en papier - Google Patents

Procédé adapté à la fabrication d'une fermeture en papier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0459017B1
EP0459017B1 EP90122716A EP90122716A EP0459017B1 EP 0459017 B1 EP0459017 B1 EP 0459017B1 EP 90122716 A EP90122716 A EP 90122716A EP 90122716 A EP90122716 A EP 90122716A EP 0459017 B1 EP0459017 B1 EP 0459017B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
flange
lid
edge
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90122716A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0459017A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert L. Markhorst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MARKHORST HOLLAND BV
Original Assignee
MARKHORST HOLLAND BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4018843A external-priority patent/DE4018843A1/de
Application filed by MARKHORST HOLLAND BV filed Critical MARKHORST HOLLAND BV
Priority to AT90122716T priority Critical patent/ATE97378T1/de
Publication of EP0459017A1 publication Critical patent/EP0459017A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0459017B1 publication Critical patent/EP0459017B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/02Removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/0235Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element
    • B65D43/0237Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element secured by snapping over beads or projections before removal of the tamper element
    • B65D43/0256Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element secured by snapping over beads or projections before removal of the tamper element only on the outside, or a part turned to the outside, of the mouth of the container
    • B65D43/0262Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element secured by snapping over beads or projections before removal of the tamper element only on the outside, or a part turned to the outside, of the mouth of the container leaving only an outside friction after removal of the tamper element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/15Tearable part of the closure
    • B65D2401/25Non-metallic tear-off strips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00064Shape of the outer periphery
    • B65D2543/00074Shape of the outer periphery curved
    • B65D2543/00092Shape of the outer periphery curved circular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00231Overall construction of the lid made of several pieces
    • B65D2543/0024Overall construction of the lid made of several pieces two pieces, one forming at least the whole skirt, the other forming at least the whole upper part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00259Materials used
    • B65D2543/00268Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/0049Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00527NO contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00537Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the outside, or a part turned to the outside of the mouth of the container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00601Snapping means on the container
    • B65D2543/00611Profiles
    • B65D2543/00657U-shaped or inverted U
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00601Snapping means on the container
    • B65D2543/00675Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00685Totality
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00722Profiles
    • B65D2543/00768U-shaped or inverted U
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00787Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00796Totality

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cardboard cover.
  • closure covers have become known on the one hand as so-called overlapping covers, on the other hand as so-called insert covers, and the invention is directed to both types of covers.
  • Cans for holding foods or the like which are made from cardboard are known to a large extent today. Although these containers are covered with a wafer-thin layer of plastic, they decompose in the garbage and therefore do not represent a long-term pollution of the environment. H. are trained to be environmentally friendly.
  • lids of such containers are still completely made of plastic to this day, since it was not possible to produce dimensionally stable lids from cardboard. It must be noted here that the lids are placed on the can only after a long time after their manufacture, namely after the can in a filling plant or the like Good to be picked up is filled. In the meantime, deformations cannot be excluded. In addition, environmental influences such as temperature and moisture act on the lid and contribute to the deformation of the lid.
  • lids are therefore without question a burden on the environment and are a disposal problem, while a closure lid made of cardboard - that is, the same material as the can body - would not have to be disposed of separately from the can.
  • a container with a lid is described.
  • the container and lid are made of cardboard and should be prefabricated so that they can be assembled and assembled at the point of use.
  • the lid consists of a round blank, which is cut at its edge, so that a plurality of individual tongues are formed, which are then bent over a stabilizing ring.
  • the individual tabs are preferably glued to the outside and inside of the stabilizing ring.
  • the lid or the bottom can be formed by a round blank, which is provided with incisions on its circumference, so that flaps are also formed here, which lie against the outside of the wall of the can and are glued here.
  • a container closure is known from US-A-23 83 760 , which consists of cardboard, the lid being punched in a certain shape. It is not explained here how this form of cover can be achieved and a circumferential strip is attached to the peripheral, downward-facing edge of the cover, which is obviously intended to preserve the shape of the cover. According to this view, this lid is not dimensionally stable and is therefore not suitable for securely closing food-absorbing foods Suitable for container cans.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for manufacturing a lid for cans or can-like containers, which can be made of cardboard and still has the required strength, in particular the necessary stability.
  • the circumferential, upward or downward flange of a lid - depending on whether it is an overlapping lid or an insert lid - is formed from the grooved edge of a round blank and then provided with a stabilizing ring, which is tight on the outside or inside of the flange. Since the lids as well as the cans are provided with a wafer-thin plastic covering, it is now possible to fuse the thin plastic layers that come into contact with each other by applying heat to the area of the circumferential stabilizing edge or flange and by applying appropriate pressure, so that the stabilizing edge is firmly attached to the normal circumferential flange. Surprisingly, it was found that this simple measure enables the lid to have a high level of stability.
  • a box 1 is drawn, which has an overlap 2, the overlap 2 is equipped in a manner known per se with a downward rotating flange 3.
  • the overlap 2 engages with its downward flange 3 over the outside of the upper edge of the box 1.
  • the downward flange 3 carries a tear tab 22, so that in certain embodiments of the overlap 2 a loosening of the overlap by actuating the tear tab and thus Separation of the flange 3 in two parts is possible.
  • a cardboard blank 20 is assumed (FIG. 2), which is equipped, at least in its edge region, with grooves 21 which prevent the flange to be bent later from being reset.
  • the circumferential flange 3a of a cover 2a is bent inwards and forms a stabilizing ring 4a in this way.
  • This stabilizing ring 4a is pressed under the influence of heat on the inside of the downward flange 3a and by fusing the thin plastic layer fixed so that the lid shown in Fig. 4 is achieved.
  • an adhesive bond can also be used so that the adhesive layer acts instead of the plastic layer.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 makes it clear that it is possible to extend the flange 4a to a greater or lesser extent, ie. H. high enough to weld on the inside of the flange 3a, so that the upper part of the stabilizing ring 4a or 4b protrudes more or less inwards. From the illustration in Fig. 13 it can be seen that a securing of the lid 2a is achieved, which makes it possible either to clamp the lid 2a particularly tightly on the can 1a or to form it as a security lid, so that it even provides security against unwanted opening there.
  • the downward circumferential flange 3c is bent inwards as before.
  • a reinforcing ring 5 is inserted into the U-shaped space thus created.
  • This reinforcing ring 5 is then firmly connected to the circumferential flange 3c by the action of heat, specifically also to the inside of the bent edge of this flange 3c.
  • an additional stabilizing ring 4b is provided, which is J-shaped in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the small leg lies on the inside of the circumferential flange 3b of an overlapping cover 2b directed downward and the large flange of the stabilizing ring 4b lies on the outside of the flange 3b.
  • B. by the heat of the flange 3b firmly connected to the stabilizing ring 4b.
  • 11 denotes a closure cover, which essentially consists of a bottom 12 and an upright edge 3.
  • Fig. 11 shows that the free edge of the edge 13 are bent outwards, i. H.
  • a U-shaped flange 15 is created in the upper region of the edge 13. If this U-shaped flange 15 is now exposed to pressure from the outside inwards, the U-shaped flange 15 bears against the outside of the edge 13 and - since the starting material has been provided with a fine plastic coating - the heat can now be applied Flange 15 are glued to the outside of the edge and then forms a stabilization ring 14 which can be seen in FIG. 12.
  • This stabilization ring 14 has the effect that the bent edge 13 can no longer be reset, i. H. a closure cap 11 is created which is dimensionally stable and which can also be placed on the filled can for a long time after its manufacture in the filling factory.
  • the stabilizing ring 14 lies on the upper edge of the can in the case of the closure lid 11 and thus represents a stop. At the same time, this stabilizing ring 14 also serves as a handle, so that the cover 11 can be easily loosened.
  • a can 1a with a cover 2a is shown to clarify the application, this cover 2a being formed by the protruding stabilizing flange 4a as a safety cover, which is provided with a tear-open tab 22.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un couvercle de fermeture, conçu sous forme de couvercle à recouvrement ou de couvercle à insertion, dans lequel
    a) un flan circulaire (20) est fabriqué en carton,
    b) le flan circulaire (20) est ensuite conformé en couvercle (2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 11) en forme de cuvette,
    c) un anneau de stabilisation (4a, 4b, 4c, 14) est ensuite soudé ou collé au moins à la zone de la bride continue (3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 13) du bord du couvercle faisant face à l'anneau de stabilisation,
    caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'étape b), des rainures (21) sont produites dans la zone de bord du flan circulaire (20) par l'impression d'un outil correspondant.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'arête inférieure du bord de la bride (3a) continue est recourbée vers l'intérieur et fixée par collage et/ou soudage sur la face intérieure de la bride (3a) continue et forme ainsi l'anneau de stabilisation (4a).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'arête inférieure du bord de la bride (3c) continue est recourbée vers l'intérieur, un anneau de renfort (5) est introduit dans un espace en U ainsi formé et le bord recourbé et l'anneau de renfort (5) sont ensuite fixés par collage et/ou soudage sur la face intérieure de la bride continue (3c) et forme ainsi l'anneau de stabilisation (4c).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un anneau de stabilisation (4b) en forme de J ou de U est introduit, ledit anneau étant fixé sur la face intérieure et la face extérieure de la bride continue (3b) par collage et/ou soudage.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'arête libre continue du bord (13) d'un couvercle (11) est recourbée vers l'extérieur et fixée sur la face extérieure du bord (13) du couvercle par collage ou soudage.
EP90122716A 1990-05-29 1990-11-28 Procédé adapté à la fabrication d'une fermeture en papier Expired - Lifetime EP0459017B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90122716T ATE97378T1 (de) 1990-05-29 1990-11-28 Verfahren zur herstellung eines verschlussdeckels aus pappe.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4017198 1990-05-29
DE4017198 1990-05-29
DE4018843 1990-06-13
DE4018843A DE4018843A1 (de) 1990-06-13 1990-06-13 Verschlussdeckel aus pappe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0459017A1 EP0459017A1 (fr) 1991-12-04
EP0459017B1 true EP0459017B1 (fr) 1993-11-18

Family

ID=25893626

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90122716A Expired - Lifetime EP0459017B1 (fr) 1990-05-29 1990-11-28 Procédé adapté à la fabrication d'une fermeture en papier

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0459017B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04239441A (fr)
DE (1) DE69004684D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2046652T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK74594A (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4304130C2 (de) * 1993-02-11 1995-02-23 Zach Verpackungen Stülpdeckel aus Karton zur Schnappverrastung auf einem Verpackungsbehälter
DE4327657A1 (de) * 1993-08-17 1995-02-23 Rissen Gmbh Maschf Tiefgezogener Behälterdeckel aus Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE4337176A1 (de) * 1993-10-30 1995-05-04 Hoerauf Michael Maschf Deckel für einen Behälter
DE29518831U1 (de) * 1995-11-28 1996-02-22 Verpackungswerk Colordruck W. Mack GmbH & Co. KG, 72270 Baiersbronn Kartonverpackung und Verschluß für eine Kartonverpackung
FR2803793B1 (fr) * 2000-01-18 2002-11-29 Georges Sireix Procede de fabrication d'un couvercle coiffant pour emballage tubulaire et couvercle fabrique par la mise en oeuvre du procede
DE202004008076U1 (de) * 2004-05-19 2005-10-06 Seda S.P.A., Arzano Manipulationssicherer Deckel
FR2918922B1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2011-03-04 Lacroix Emballages Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer un fond de boite d'emballage alimentaire ayant un bourrelet de retenue d'un couvercle
DE102017010549A1 (de) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-16 René Caplan Deckel für Einwegbecher
DE102020119510B3 (de) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-05 Oecopac Grunert Verpackungen Gmbh Kappe aus Papier
GR1010542B (el) * 2022-06-24 2023-09-14 Πλαστικα Θρακης Pack Ανωνυμη Βιομηχανικη Εμπορικη Εταιρεια, Χαρτινο καπακι για σκευος ροφηματος
EP4701952A1 (fr) * 2023-04-25 2026-03-04 Magnum Ip Holdings B.V. Couvercle à base de papier doté d'un élément d'inviolabilité
GR20230100597A (el) 2023-07-19 2025-02-11 Πλαστικα Θρακης Pack Ανωνυμη Βιομηχανικη Εμπορικη Εταιρεια, Μεθοδος παραγωγης πολυχρηστικου χαρτινου καπακιου για σκευος ροφηματος

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2014901A (en) * 1933-10-02 1935-09-17 Morris Paper Mills Set-up container
US2244940A (en) * 1936-08-13 1941-06-10 Nat Folding Box Co Container
FR87667A (fr) * 1940-11-18
US2383760A (en) * 1943-01-27 1945-08-28 Dixie Cup Co Cover for paper containers
JPS5612207U (fr) * 1979-07-06 1981-02-02
JPS63176130A (ja) * 1987-01-19 1988-07-20 Eiwa Kagaku Kogyo Kk 深絞り紙製容器の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK74594A (en) 1994-08-05
ES2046652T3 (es) 1994-02-01
JPH04239441A (ja) 1992-08-27
EP0459017A1 (fr) 1991-12-04
DE69004684D1 (de) 1993-12-23

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