Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
  • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
  • B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
  • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
  • B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
  • B28B11/043—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material filling cavities or chambers of hollow blocks
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
  • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0213—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of round shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
  • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
  • E04B2002/0291—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material loose material

Definitions

• This invention is conceived in the framework of heat insulation, i.e. the technique adopted to reduce heat exchange with the external environment through outer and/or inner walls (partitions, floors, etc.) of a building.
• Such a technique consists in coating walls with insulating materials, or in adopting equivalent building devices.
• Known techniques are adopted to reduce heat exchange with the external environment, through outer and/or inner walls (partitions, floors, etc.) of a building.
• Such techniques usually consist in coating walls with insulating materials, or in adopting equivalent building devices.
• walls may be insulated by means of slabs or panels of insulating material; the insulating effect of such arrangement may be improved by the presence of air spaces, nearly stagnant, suitably made among the layers, or even by a radiant shield made up of a thin sheet of specular aluminium (thickness between 0.1 and 0.05 nuns) or of another reflecting metal fitted on the front surface of the panel on the outer side.
• a radiant shield made up of a thin sheet of specular aluminium (thickness between 0.1 and 0.05 nuns) or of another reflecting metal fitted on the front surface of the panel on the outer side.
• walls with hollow bricks which may be associated with the above-mentioned slabs and/or panels, is common, for such bricks show a low thermal conductivity coefficient together with a sufficient strength and fire resistance even at high temperatures.
• a technique is also known, which provides for the realization, inside the walls (usually the vertical ones), of an interspace which is filled with inert materials, or with synthetic materials (e.g. polystyrene), or with expanded clay.
• load-bearing floor panels are used, made of a vibrated concrete mix which may be lightened with polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.
• heat insulation is aimed at reducing heat transmission as much as possible, through the walls of a building, by conduction, convection and radiation, i.e. limiting the so-called coefficient of apparent heat conduction.
• a main object of this invention is to present an improved building element, shaped in such a way as to effectively reduce heat exchange among its faces, so to be heat-resistant and finally to be sound-deadening.
• Another main object of this invention is to present an improved building element, which, besides complying with the above requirements, is only a little more expensive and heavier than the corresponding element available on the market.
• a further main object of this invention is to present the building element, which does not involve complications and/or constructing arrangements to make partitions, floors, walls and the like, for the construction of a building structure.
• Yet another object of this invention is to present the new building element which does not show any contraindication about its use.
• the above objects are achieved, according to the invention, through an improved building element for making partitions, floors, walls and the like, made in a first embodiment, which features cavities communicating with the outside.
• the cavities are filled with a mix made up of heat- insulating and sound-deadening materials, in granular and/or powdery form, and of at least one binder suited to bind these materials among themselves, as well as to make the same mix to adhere to the surfaces defining the cavities.
• said materials are made up of pumice or volcanic lapilli, or of pumice and volcanic lapilli mixed together in whatever relative percentage of weight or volume.
• the building element is made up of a mix of heat-insulating and sound- deadening materials, in granular and/or powdery form, showing a slab shape.
• this element can bear a metal reinforcement buried in it.
• the building element provided by the second form of realization, shows, as to heat exchange among its faces, an apparent heat conduction coefficient lower than that achievable by the techniques and/or arrangements of heat insulation mentioned above.
• the element obtained by the second form of realization is heat-resistant as well (in fact it is made of refractory materials) , and its sound-deadening properties are suited to make its use profitable as far as the limitation of unpleasant effects of noise pollution is concerned.
• the structure obtained by the claimed building element presents a mechanical strength equal to the requirements of the regulations in force concerning building structures and therefor remains unchanged with the passing of time.
• - fig.l shows, schematically and as an example, the phase of filling the cavities of hollow tiles with a mix composed of heat-insulating and sound-deadening materials, and at least one binder;
• - fig.2 shows, schematically and partially, according to a perspective view, a partition and a floor built by means of the tile being the subject of this invention
• - fig.3 and 4 show, in a perspective view, the tile presented according to respective and different cross sections;
• FIG. 5a, 6a, 7a show, according to front views, as many building elements being the subject of this invention, while figures no. 5b,6b,7b, show, in perspective view, parts of walls respectively built with the elements shown by fig. 5a,6a,7a.
• - fig. 12, 13 show, in perspective view and as an example, the realization of panellings, made by means of the element shown in fig. 8, 9, 10, and 11, for insulating an outer wall and a floor respectively.
• - fig. 14 shows a perspective view of a part of a partition made by means of the element provided by the second embodiment
• - fig. 15 shows, in a perspective view, according to a cross section and a top view, a further variation of said second form of realization
• no. 1 indicates tiles, particularly hollow tiles, characterized by cavities or holes 2 usually passing through.
• tiles are building materials obtained by baking pieces made of clayey mixes, which, besides their properties concerning mechanical strength, also show interesting properties as far as heat insulation and sound-deadening are concerned.
• No. 3 generically indicates known means, for instance, including a hopper 3a, suitable for filling the cavities 2 with a mix 4 made up of heat-insulating and sound-deadening materials, and of at least one binder, suited to bind said materials among themselves, as well as to make the same mix to adhere permanently to the surfaces 2a defining said cavities.
• Said materials are preferably made up of pumice, in granular and/or powdery form, or of volcanic lapilli, in granular and/or powdery form, or of pumice and lapilli together in the above-mentioned forms.
• pumice is an acidic effusive rock, white, composed of glass and rare single crystals. It is originated from lava very rich of gases which, when cooling off, are released from rocks with the consequent formation of a great number of small hollow spaces which are often exceeding the glass itself in volume, making the material porous and light (it has a specific weight of about 0.69 g/cu.cm.).
• pumice in granular and/or powdery form, it is sufficient to submit pumice to grinding, as it is available in the natural state.
• Pumice in granular and/or powdery form, is mixed with a suitable binder, preferably, for instance, a liquid mix based on gypsum, lime, refractory cement, etc.
• a suitable binder preferably, for instance, a liquid mix based on gypsum, lime, refractory cement, etc.
• the mix of pumice and binder is introduced into the cavities 2 of tiles 1: see fig. 1; still in this latter figure, no. 14 generically indicates known levelling means suited to remove the mix coming out of the outer ends of the cavities.
• the tiles are placed on a conveyor belt 5 and properly separated by spacers 6.
• the activation of the binder makes it possible to bind the granules and/or powders of pumice, as well as to make the mix so obtained to adhere permanently to the surfaces 2a defining the cavities 2.
• FIG. 5a, 6a, 7a are showing further building elements, made up of two jackets 20, 21, respectively first and second, with the second one inner and coaxial, as to the first one, mutually connected by cross baffles 23.
• the complex composed of the jackets 20, 21 and the baffles 23 is a whole body and may be made either by baking clayey mixes, or by concrete bound with cement.
• cavities 24 which are filled, in the same manner as described above, with a mix of materials preferably consisting of pumice and/or volcanic lapilli, in granular and/or powdery form, and of at least a binding agent, suited to bind said materials among themselves as well as to make the same mix to adhere permanently to the surfaces 24a defining said cavities 24.
• the elements 5a, 6a, 7a are different only in the profile of horizontal walls 20a of the outer jacket 20.
• Said elements 101 and 102 are consisting of said mix of heat-insulating and sound-deadening materials, in granular and/or powdery form, preferably pumice and/or volcanic lapilli.
• Said mix may also be composed of pumice and volcanic lapilli mixed together in any mutual percentage of weight or volume.
• the elements 101 and 102 are different just in their thickness (the element indicated by 102 is thicker) and in that the element 101 shows one of its greater faces, indicated by 101a, without any unevenness or roughness, i.e. smooth, as the experts of the field mean by "smooth", while the element 102 shows both greater surfaces 102a, 102b, smooth.
• the element 101 is particularly suitable for construction of panellings 103 (fig. 12) to insulate associated adjacent walls 104, minding that the surface 101a of the element 101 should be oriented towards the inside of the room 105; thus the inner surface of the panelling 103, being smooth, does not require any further finishing, i.e. it is finished. Results being equal, (particularly as to heat transmission and sound deadening) the thickness of the panelling 103 is remarkably smaller than the thickness of the insulating walls obtained so far by known techniques.
• the element 102 is particularly suitable for the construction of partitions 106 (fig. 14); in this way, both surfaces 106a, 106b of every partition result to be smooth.
• the element 107 (fig. 10) is defined by a lateral portion 108 and by an upper portion 109 disposed side by side lengthwise as well as joggled in steps lenghtwise and vertically.
• Said portions are so designed to be fixed in joints to the corresponding portions of adjacent elements shown, as an example, in the panelling 110 in fig. 13 which results to be laid on a floor 111 in order to insulate the latter.
• the element 117 basically forms a pair of lateral portions 118 and an upper portion 119 disposed side by side lengthwise; the lateral portions
• the lateral 118 and upper 119 portions have a similar rectangular section, on a longitudinal plane.
• the lateral portions 118 are joggled in steps as to the upper portion 119 lengthwise and vertically.
• the upper portion 119 forms an upper projection 119a over the plane defined by the upper surfaces of the lateral portions 118, with a truncated- cone cross section, and a front projection 119b, external as to the plane defined by the front surfaces of the lateral portions 118, with a truncated-cone cross section.
• the lateral portions 118 form, at the bottom, a hollow 118a, with truncated-cone cross section, corresponding to the upper projection.119a but having a section suited to receive the latter easily, and, at the back, a further hollow 118b, with truncated-cone horizontal section, corresponding to the front projection 119b, but having a section suited to receive the latter.
• the hollows 118a, 118b of the element 117 are suited to receive in a free joint respectively the projections 119a, 119b of the vertically and laterally adjacent elements,so to compose walls or partitions by interposing a suitable binder between the surfaces which result to be opposite after said fixing.
• the clearance between every hollow and the related projection is allowed to make adjustments, when building a wall or a partition, vertically and crosswise. Also in this case, as the element 117, the greater surfaces are smooth, so that when a wall or a partition are built, no further finishing is required.
• At least a metal reinforcement 112 is provided, (see fig.11),buried in the same element, which may be projecting at one of its heads.
• prefabricated elements 114 are shown, still made of a mix of heat-insulating and sound- deadening materials, preferably reinforced, having the same height as that between the floors 115, between which the same elements are fitted.
• One, or more, of said elements is provided with an opening 116 which is fitted with a suitable frame, not shown.
• the featuring point of this invention is the realization of improved building elements obtained from building elements already available on the market of the type provided with cavities which are filled with the above-described mix.
• the improved building element obtained as described above, shows, as far as heat exchange between its faces is concerned, an apparent heat conduction coefficient lower than that achievable through the techniques and/or arrangements of heat insulation mentioned above.
• the same building element is heat- resistant (in fact it is made of refractory materials) and shows such sound-deadening properties which make its use profitable in the framework of the limitation of unpleasant effects of noise pollution.
• vermiculite in granular and/or powdery form, which, as it is known, is a particular sort of chlorite which exfoliates, by calcination, so providing a soft, refractory, insulating and sound-deadening aggregate.
• the optimal heat resistance of said partitions, floors and walls is a consequence of the optimal heat resistance of the improved building element used to build the same partitions, floors and walls.
• the floors, partitions,walls, etc. obtained by the element in question, show a weight per unit of surface which does not involve an overload on the load-bearing elements 10 of the building structure made by the use of such elements.
• the outer scored surfaces of the tile and the outer surfaces of the jackets 20 do not result to be altered and/or modified in any way as to the original element; thus, it is not necessary to resort to constructing arrangements when building partitions, floors, walls and the like.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-03-22 WO PCT/IT1990/000032 patent/WO1990011419A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-03-22 AU AU53380/90A patent/AU5338090A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-03-22 EP EP90904927A patent/EP0465505A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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