EP0465845A2 - Fenêtre hyperfréquence - Google Patents

Fenêtre hyperfréquence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465845A2
EP0465845A2 EP91109462A EP91109462A EP0465845A2 EP 0465845 A2 EP0465845 A2 EP 0465845A2 EP 91109462 A EP91109462 A EP 91109462A EP 91109462 A EP91109462 A EP 91109462A EP 0465845 A2 EP0465845 A2 EP 0465845A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwaves
pane
window
microwave window
window according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91109462A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0465845A3 (en
Inventor
Dr. Jödicke
Dr. Mathews
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0465845A2 publication Critical patent/EP0465845A2/fr
Publication of EP0465845A3 publication Critical patent/EP0465845A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave window of high bandwidth for linearly polarized microwaves of high power, comprising at least one pane which is transparent to microwaves and has plane-parallel, planar main surfaces.
  • the quasi-optical gyrotron as described, for example, in patent CH-664045 or in the article "The gyrotron, key component for High power microwave transmitter ", HG Mathews, Minh Quang Tran, Brown Boveri Review 6-1987, pp. 303-307, has already shown that it can be tuned in frequency over a relatively wide range.
  • the microwave window is required not to reflect for the desired frequency. In addition, it should also be low-reflection for neighboring frequencies in order to avoid unwanted oscillations.
  • a coolable double-pane window is known from the report "Development of the Technological Basis of a Heavy-Duty Coupling Window for a 200 kW Long-Pulse Gyrotron at 140 GHz", Rudolf Bachmor, ITG Technical Report Vacuum Electronics and Displays of the ITG Conference from May 8-10, 1989.
  • This double window consists of two ceramic panes that are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the microwaves and e.g. be cooled by a coolant. It forms a Fabry-Perot resonator, the frequency of which depends on the distance between the panes. The thickness of the pane is usually chosen so that the window works for the main frequency without reflection. For every other desired frequency, the disc distance is set to optimal transmission.
  • a broadband window is the so-called moth eye window.
  • the ceramic disc forming the window is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the microwaves.
  • the surface of the ceramic is provided with pyramids that create an impedance matching.
  • the height of these pyramids corresponds to at least a quarter of the wavelength of the desired center frequency. In this way it was possible to build a window with a relatively large bandwidth.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a microwave window of the type mentioned at the outset which has good transmission properties over a large frequency range and avoids the problems existing in the prior art.
  • the solution is that the disk is inclined with respect to a direction of propagation of the microwaves, and in such a way that the angle between the direction of propagation and the disk normal corresponds to the Brewster angle ⁇ B and a plane formed by the direction of propagation and the disk normal is coplanar with the direction of polarization of the microwaves.
  • the essence of the invention is that the linear polarization of the microwaves, which is often already fundamentally dependent on the generation (such as, for example, in the case of the quasi-optical gyrotron), is used to optimally interact with the known Brewster principle. It is of course quite conceivable that the microwaves will only be polarized linearly after they have been generated. However, the advantage of the invention is particularly evident when the incoming waves are "naturally" linearly polarized, that is, if they are already previous component in the beam path or the microwave tube automatically brings about polarization.
  • An essential advantage of the invention is that there is in principle no frequency dependence of the transmission of the window. A maximum of one frequency dependence of the media's refractive indices can affect the bandwidth. However, this is negligibly small in the frequency range of interest.
  • the Brewster angle ⁇ B arctan n2 / n1 is typically between a good 50 ° and a good 75 ° for the materials of interest.
  • Sapphire with a refractive index of n2 3.4 requires (compared to vacuum) an angle of inclination of approximately 74 °.
  • ⁇ B 55 °. Ceramics essentially move in this area.
  • the microwave window preferably comprises two parallel panes which are cooled by a cooling liquid. This embodiment is particularly suitable for high performance.
  • the window has exactly one pane. This means that there is a variant that is suitable for low and medium capacities and that is less complex and less expensive.
  • cooling fins are preferably provided which are oriented perpendicular to the direction of polarization (see Swiss patent application CH-2314 / 89-2).
  • the disc can be elliptical or circular.
  • the sectional figure between a cylinder (waveguide) and a plane inclined to the cylinder axis (disk plane) is an ellipse. From a design point of view, it may also be desirable to use a circular window. Then for optimal transmission the radius of the round disc of the large semi-axis corresponds to the sectional figure.
  • a smaller radius preferably larger than the small semiaxis may also suffice.
  • the microwave window according to the invention is particularly well suited as an exit window of a quasi-optical gyrotron. In principle, this produces linearly polarized microwaves in the millimeter and submillimeter range.
  • fusion chambers e.g. tokamak
  • microwave calorimeters are typical consumers.
  • Another application example is the window after a Vlasov converter. This converts a guided mode into a linearly polarized Gaussian wave.
  • Fig. 1 shows a window according to the invention, e.g. is used in a quasi-optical gyrotron.
  • a quasi-optical resonator which is essentially formed by two mirrors lying opposite one another. 1 shows one of the two mirrors 1 and the vessel wall 2 of the gyrotron.
  • the remaining parts of the gyrotron are well known from the prior art cited at the beginning. A detailed description is not necessary at this point.
  • the microwaves coupled out of the resonator are linearly polarized. They run along a direction of propagation 3 towards the microwave window, which closes the evacuated tube vessel of the gyrotron from the outside (e.g. waveguide 5).
  • the microwave window comprises a pane 4 which is transparent to microwaves and which is inclined with respect to the direction of propagation 3.
  • the microwave window according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that the pane used has plane-parallel main surfaces. So there is no need for a surface structure like, for example, the moth eye window. No flashovers can occur.
  • the incident microwaves are linearly polarized.
  • the electric field vector E is coplanar with a plane spanned by the disk normal n and the direction of propagation 3.
  • Sapphire with a refractive index n2 ⁇ 3.4 is suitable as the disc material.
  • angles are between 50 ° and 75 °, i.e. they are relatively large.
  • the area of the disc is therefore not larger than necessary, which has a positive effect on its mechanical stability.
  • Fig. 2 shows an inventive microwave window with cooling fins 6.1, ..., 6.3.
  • the transparent pane breaks down into several sub-panes 4.1, .., 4.4.
  • the cooling fins 6.1, ..., 6.3 are, for example, metal pipes and give the disc greater stability. They are aligned perpendicular to the electric field vector E (polarization direction). For this reason they are not "seen" by the microwave radiation.
  • FIG. 3 finally shows a microwave window which has two parallel panes 7.1 and 7.2. They are inclined according to the Brewster angle. A coolant 8 flows between the two disks 7.1, 7.2.
  • the distance between the two parallel disks 7.1, 7.2 is less than their thickness.
  • the advantage in close proximity is the correspondingly high flow rate of the coolant.
  • the window according to the invention can advantageously be used wherever linearly polarized microwaves occur. In particular, it can be used as an entry window for consumers.
  • the calorimeter is an example.
  • Another application is the fusion chamber (e.g. tokamak), when a HE11 wave is irradiated.
  • the invention is also suitable for a Vlasov coupler, such as that e.g. from "An X-Band Vlasov-Type Mode Convertor", B.G. Ruth et al., 13th Int. Conf. on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 5-9 Dec 1988, pp. 119-120.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
EP19910109462 1990-06-15 1991-06-10 Microwave window Withdrawn EP0465845A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH201590 1990-06-15
CH2015/90 1990-06-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0465845A2 true EP0465845A2 (fr) 1992-01-15
EP0465845A3 EP0465845A3 (en) 1992-06-10

Family

ID=4223911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910109462 Withdrawn EP0465845A3 (en) 1990-06-15 1991-06-10 Microwave window

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0465845A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04252601A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013630A1 (fr) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-18 General Atomics Fenetre repartie pour guides d'ondes de grand diametre
WO1995032529A1 (fr) * 1994-05-20 1995-11-30 The Secretary Of State For Defence Antenne a bande ultra-large
WO2006065669A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Intest Corporation Module de signalisation a reflexions reduites
WO2022233940A1 (fr) * 2021-05-05 2022-11-10 Organic Fuel Technology A/S Ensemble fenêtre à micro-ondes à large bande
DE102024122305A1 (de) * 2024-08-05 2026-02-05 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Füllstandsmessgerät

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637776A (en) * 1948-04-20 1953-05-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Sealed wave guide window
US2990526A (en) * 1953-03-02 1961-06-27 Raytheon Co Dielectric windows
US2894228A (en) * 1953-11-02 1959-07-07 Varian Associates Radio frequency window
GB857331A (en) * 1956-08-24 1960-12-29 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements relating to electrical waveguides
US3324427A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-06-06 Varian Associates Electromagnetic wave permeable window

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013630A1 (fr) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-18 General Atomics Fenetre repartie pour guides d'ondes de grand diametre
WO1995032529A1 (fr) * 1994-05-20 1995-11-30 The Secretary Of State For Defence Antenne a bande ultra-large
GB2302449B (en) * 1994-05-20 1998-12-09 Secr Defence Ultrawideband antenna
US5889497A (en) * 1994-05-20 1999-03-30 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Ultrawideband transverse electromagnetic mode horn transmitter and antenna
WO2006065669A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Intest Corporation Module de signalisation a reflexions reduites
US7834718B2 (en) 2004-12-13 2010-11-16 Intest Corporation Signal module with reduced reflections
WO2022233940A1 (fr) * 2021-05-05 2022-11-10 Organic Fuel Technology A/S Ensemble fenêtre à micro-ondes à large bande
US12592465B2 (en) 2021-05-05 2026-03-31 Organic Fuel Technology A/S Broadband microwave window assembly
DE102024122305A1 (de) * 2024-08-05 2026-02-05 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Füllstandsmessgerät

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0465845A3 (en) 1992-06-10
JPH04252601A (ja) 1992-09-08

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