EP0469182A2 - Dispositif pour lever, abaisser et transporter par eau de forts tonnages - Google Patents

Dispositif pour lever, abaisser et transporter par eau de forts tonnages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0469182A2
EP0469182A2 EP90120475A EP90120475A EP0469182A2 EP 0469182 A2 EP0469182 A2 EP 0469182A2 EP 90120475 A EP90120475 A EP 90120475A EP 90120475 A EP90120475 A EP 90120475A EP 0469182 A2 EP0469182 A2 EP 0469182A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
portal
support
lifting
bridge
rack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90120475A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0469182A3 (en
Inventor
Bruno F. Forster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VULKAN ENGINEERING GmbH
Original Assignee
VULKAN ENGINEERING GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VULKAN ENGINEERING GmbH filed Critical VULKAN ENGINEERING GmbH
Publication of EP0469182A2 publication Critical patent/EP0469182A2/fr
Publication of EP0469182A3 publication Critical patent/EP0469182A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/52—Floating cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
    • B66F3/02—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads with racks actuated by pinions
    • B66F3/04—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads with racks actuated by pinions with several racks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
    • E01D21/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges by translational movement of the bridge or bridge sections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for lifting and lowering and for the floating transport of heavy loads, in particular of bridge segments when building bridges over water.
  • Another known method is to first create the first bridge segments on the solid floor and the subsequent segments on already finished bridge parts and then to advance them towards the next free pillar. This method also has limits where the spans become excessively large and above all where the weights of the individual segments reach the limits of the load-bearing capacity of the bridge parts that have already been completed or even exceed them.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device which enables the lifting and lowering of heavy loads and their transport, in particular in the construction of bridges over water, in an economically justifiable manner.
  • a solution to this problem according to the invention is characterized by a lifting mechanism with at least one portal, the portal supports of which are on two bars spaced at least by the width of the heavy load and are connected to them, with at least one discontinuously height-adjustable support member per portal, which is fastened to the portal bridge and with at least one locking device for each support member, which is independent of the device for discontinuous height adjustment of the support member (s) and with devices for changing the immersion depth of the two barges by flooding or draining;
  • the solution also requires a supporting structure that has at least one support tower consisting of separable segments, the height of which can be changed step by step by adding or removing segments, which has a heavy-duty load-bearing device on its uppermost segment, to which a hoist for inserting or inserting Removing segments is assigned and is either on a solid surface or also on a barge.
  • the main idea of this solution is that the heaviest load with the help of adequately dimensioned floating bodies, which are first lowered and then raised and raised after attaching the heavy load to the supporting elements of the hoist by a step of, for example, 3 meters, the heavy load then on a supporting structure settles, which is height-adjustable in appropriate steps, after the heavy load has been deposited on the supporting structure, the floating bodies of the lifting mechanism flood, whereby the supporting members are relieved. The load-bearing members are then shortened and fixed without load to the now reduced clear distance between the top of the hoist and the heavy load. After this, the described step-by-step process is repeated until the required lifting height for inserting the heavy load is reached, for example in a bridge structure.
  • the components required for the solution are those which, despite the unusually large loads to be handled, are conventional and easily obtainable.
  • Lifting and supporting structures can be created using conventional means and using conventional calculation methods and the mobility of the device is so great that the bridge segments can be transported from a shore-side manufacturing site over great distances and without great difficulty and costs to the installation site and then lifted there.
  • the invention allows a variety of design options.
  • the structure has two spaced support towers, each on egg ner side of the hoist are arranged.
  • the support structure formed by the two support towers and two other barges carrying them is designed as a second hoist and that the heavy load during the lifting process rests alternately during the one step on the support towers during the lifting and during the next step from the Support organs is held.
  • the heavy load can be raised step by step during the lifting process and rests on the support towers between every two steps.
  • each barge carrying a support tower can be changed in its immersion depth by flooding and draining.
  • the support members can consist of a set of parallel and vertically extending climbing poles, each of which is assigned to a portal of the hoist and whose climbing poles bear the heavy load together and can be fastened, in particular clamped, step by step with their respective upper ends to the portal bridge at different locations along their longitudinal extent are. It can be provided that each climbing pole is divided by longitudinal division into several, firmly connectable segments and that the segments of the climbing rods located above a fastening device arranged in the portal bridge are removable during the lifting process and can be added when lowering.
  • a hoist with at least one portal, the portal supports of which are on two bars spaced at least by the width of the heavy load and are connected to them, with at least one height-adjustable support member per portal, which is designed as a rack and with a rack and pinion drive for each support element, which is attached to the portal bridge.
  • each support member has a continuous rope, which, starting from a fixed locking device in the area of the hoist, is first guided to a first support tube arranged on the portal bridge, on the outer circumference of which it partially abuts and from there with formation a plurality of downward-hanging parallel loops extends from the first carrier tube around a second lower carrier tube carried by the loops and is finally guided over the surface of the first carrier tube to a second locking device.
  • two support members are provided for each portal.
  • the lower ends of the support members of each portal are connected by means of a lifting beam which runs approximately parallel to the portal bridge and which is designed as a beam for the heavy load.
  • the support tubes mentioned are non-rotatable and are preferably supported at their ends in saddles and that the saddles are attached either to the portal bridge or to the lifting beam in such a way that the saddles associated with the portal bridge of all the first support tubes are located below them Carrier tubes are located and the saddles of the second carrier tubes assigned to the lifting carrier are arranged above these second carrier tubes.
  • the vibrating device should consist of two parts, each of which acts on one end of the assigned first carrier tube and which alternately slightly lift these ends off the assigned saddle. It is envisaged that the vibrating device or each of its parts has a rotating cam disc, the cams of which act essentially vertically on the carrier tube and that the cams of the two parts of the vibrating device are offset from one another in such a way that the ends of the assigned carrier tube are alternately lifted from the assigned saddle will.
  • each locking device has a clamping device for the associated rope, which is arranged between the first support tube and the associated free rope end and that each locking device has a rope tensioner, which can be actuated to pull the rope during operation of the vibrating device , wherein the rope tensioner consists of a preferably electrically operated winch.
  • the hoist for inserting and removing segments of the support towers is arranged on the heavy load in the region of the support towers.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment of the solution according to the invention with lifting and supporting structure is the cheaper solution to the problem. In some cases, however, the required lifting time can be too long.
  • the second proposed solution with continuous lifting devices works considerably faster and is otherwise suitable in the same way as the first-mentioned solution for the problem-free completion of the desired transport and lifting services. Because of the special details of the second solution, reference is made to the related subclaims.
  • bridge segment or “segment” used below therefore relates to bridge components of this type.
  • the bridge construction segments of interest here are made of concrete on the bank of the water to be bridged.
  • a specially prepared or created headland serves as the place of manufacture, which is somewhat wider than the width of the bridge segment to be produced and in which the depth of the water on both sides is sufficiently large for the purposes described below.
  • the length of the headland must at least correspond to the length of the bridge segment to be produced and in practice will be a multiple of this length in order to enable continuous production. It is also conceivable that several such headlands protrude parallel to one another from the coastline into the water and have sufficiently wide and deep channels between them.
  • the problem is to place the finished bridge segments one after the other between the completed bridge piers and to raise them there to such an extent that the segments can then be placed on the piers and connected to one another to produce the bridge.
  • the device used for lifting and lowering and for floating transport of the bridge segments consists of a lifting mechanism 10 and a supporting structure 60.
  • the lifting mechanism 10 has two bilge and floodable barges 11, 12.
  • Flood valves and / or pumps 13 (FIG. 4), not shown, allow the immersion depth of the barges 11, 12 to be changed by approximately 3 to 4 meters . This measure is also referred to below as the step height.
  • the two bars 11, 12 are arranged running parallel to one another and have such a clear distance from one another that, as shown in FIG. 3, is greater than the width of a bridge segment 15 that can be seen in this figure.
  • the two bars 11, 12 are connected by means of two portals 16, 18.
  • Each portal has two portal supports 20, 22 and a portal bridge 24 spanning the two supports at the top.
  • the two portal supports 20, 22 stand on the two barges 11, 12 and have a height that is greater than the height of the bridge structure being manufactured.
  • Fig. 1 shows that two of these portals form the hoist in the embodiment. It is conceivable for further pairs of portals to be accommodated on the two barges 11, 12 if the external conditions so require.
  • the hoist 10 has two support members 26 on each portal, which in the exemplary embodiment are formed by cable systems of the type described below.
  • the upper ends of the support members 26 are attached to the portal bridge (Fig. 3). Their lower ends are connected to a lifting beam 28 which is suspended parallel to and below the portal bridge on a pair of support arms 26 each. 3 shows that the lifting beam 28 is longer than the width of the bridge segment 15, which can also be referred to as the heaviest load.
  • the support members 26 in the exemplary embodiment consist of cable systems in an arrangement according to FIG. 4. It should be pointed out that the illustration in FIG. 4 is extremely schematic with regard to the position of the end points and the locking device still to be discussed and only for explanation of the principle.
  • Each rope system consists of a single rope.
  • one end of the latter is held in a first locking device.
  • this has, for example, an electrically operated cable winch 30 with a relatively low lifting force.
  • This winch is attached to one of the barges 11, 12.
  • the cable winch is not used for lifting or lowering the load, but rather, due to its design, only for tightening the cable 32.
  • the locking device mentioned includes a clamping device 34 in addition to the cable winch 30. It can be inserted into the cable winch 30 be integrated, but is preferably spaced somewhat from the free end of the cable 32. With this clamping device, the cable 32 can be fixed and the cable winch 30 can be replaced in the event of a malfunction without influencing the function of the support member.
  • arrows indicate how the clamping device should act.
  • the cable 32 runs upwards in the direction of the portal bridge 24.
  • the cable 32 is guided around this first support tube 36, runs from there down to one in the Height-adjustable second support tube 37, from there up to the first support tube.
  • a plurality of parallel loops are laid around the two support tubes in the manner described with the cable 32.
  • the cable 32 is guided downwards again from the first (upper) support tube in the direction of a second locking device which corresponds to the described clamping device consisting of the cable winch 30 and the clamping device 34. It is also attached to one of the barges 11, 12. It should be noted that both locking devices can be arranged on a barge, i. H. deviating from the illustration in FIG. 4.
  • the carrier tubes 36, 37 run in the longitudinal direction of the barges 11, 12 and thus in the longitudinal direction of the heavy load 15, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the two carrier tubes are essentially the same. Their ends are supported in saddles 38, as can best be seen in FIG. 6 for the first carrier tube 36.
  • the anti-rotation device for the support tubes can be designed in any conventional manner and is not shown in the drawings. With regard to the mounting of the support tubes, it should be mentioned that the lower support tube 37 hangs in the mentioned loops of the cable 32 and that the load to be received by the second support tube 37 and introduced by the lifting support 28 is correspondingly via a saddle resting on top of the second support tube 37 the saddle 38 is initiated.
  • the first carrier tube 36 is held in its saddle 38 so that it can move vertically by a small amount.
  • a camshaft 44 whose central axis 45 runs parallel to the axis 42, runs parallel to the axis 42 of the first carrier tube 36 below the first carrier tube.
  • the camshaft 44 can be rotated by means of a drive 46.
  • the drive 46 contains a gear, not shown separately, so that the speed of the camshaft 44 required in the individual case can be achieved.
  • the camshaft 44 each has a cam disk 48 which is populated with two cams 50 projecting radially from the cam disk.
  • the arrangement and course of the cams 50 are can be seen particularly well in FIG. 6. It is preferred that the pair of cams of one cam disk of the camshaft 44 is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the cam pair of the other cam disk 48 of the camshaft 44.
  • the vibrating device 40 and the saddles 38 assigned to the first carrier tube 36 are located in the upper flange 52 of the portal bridge 24 and are defined there in accordance with their function. 6 that the first carrier tube 36 has circumferential grooves 54 in the exemplary embodiment. If a grooving is provided at all, it would be sufficient to provide it only on the upper half circumference of the first and on the lower half circumference of the second support tube.
  • this consists of two further chutes 62, 63.
  • Each of these chutes carries a support tower 66 consisting of detachable segments 65 '. At its upper end, each support tower is closed by a bearing 67, which holds the heavy load 15 , d. H. So the bridge segment is designed.
  • the height of the segments 65 corresponds approximately to the step height mentioned in the introduction when draining the flooded barges 11, 12.
  • the hoist 10 is moved to the headland with the aid of a tractor and positioned so that the two barges 11, 12 are located on both sides of the headland and thus on both sides of the bridge segment 15.
  • the lifting supports 28 are brought into position under the bridge segment 15 and connected to the support members 26.
  • the barges 11, 12 are flooded so that they drop by the step height.
  • the vibrators 40 and the rope tensioner 30 come into operation; they pull the ropes 32 to such an extent that the lifting beams 28 rest against the bridge segment 15 from below, but without already taking up a load.
  • the barges 11, 12 are now drained by means of the pumps 13 and move up the step height. Since the cables 32 retain their position due to the static friction and the locking device, the bridge segment 15 is now raised by the step height by means of the lifting supports 28. As soon as this has been done, the two stationary support towers of the supporting structure 60 are each increased by a segment 65. The bearings 67 of the support towers 66 are now immediately below the ends of the bridge segment 15.
  • the bridge segment 15 can now be moved with the hoist 10 into the area of two finished bridge piers by tractor aid.
  • either two of the barges 62, 63 shown in FIG. 1 with support towers 66 of initially low height are brought to act as a supporting structure for the (further) lifting of the bridge segment 15.
  • one of the support towers 66 can be arranged on one of the two bridge piers in accordance with the modification according to FIG. 2, so that only one support tower 66 floating on a barge 62 has to be used.
  • the introduction of the bridge segment 15 into the bridge structure can be accelerated in that the barges 62, 63 as well as the barges 11, 12 are designed as floodable and bilgeable barges.
  • the lifting of the bridge segments 15 will thus take place twice as fast as with simple floating barges 62, 63.
  • a stationary support tower 66 according to FIG. 2 cannot be used.
  • support towers 66 it is possible for support towers 66 to be fastened to the bridge pillars on both sides in the bridge area and thus not requiring additional bars 62, 63.
  • the plan view shown in FIG. 9 shows that the second exemplary embodiment also has two bars 11, 12 which carry two parallel portals 16, 18.
  • Each portal in turn consists of two portal supports 20, 22 and a portal bridge 24.
  • the lifting mechanism 10 can be shown as shown 9 equip with additional cross beams 102, 104, which are supported by the two portal bridges 24.
  • the two cross members are not shown in the other figures. To give an impression of the dimensions of the hoist, it should be mentioned that the center distance of the two barges in the exemplary embodiment is 75 meters and the center distance of the two portals is 16, 18 and 49 meters.
  • the essential difference of the second embodiment from the first form described in the introduction is that continuous lifting takes the place of discontinuous lifting using an additional supporting structure.
  • the support members 126 used here are designed as toothed racks, of which there are two per portal in the execution area.
  • a lifting unit 110 is assigned to each support element 126 or each toothed rack and fastened on the portal bridge 24.
  • the fastening positions on the portal bridges 24 are indicated by points 112 in FIG. 9.
  • the lifting units 110 are not required on the portal bridges and are therefore implemented on the cross beams 102, 104 already mentioned; the mounting positions there for the lifting units are designated 113. It is understood that conventional lifting devices are provided in the area of the cross beams 102, 104, with which lifting units can be moved from positions 112 to positions 113 and back again.
  • each lifting unit 110 in the exemplary embodiment has two drive blocks 114 which are firmly connected to one another.
  • each drive block 114 is provided with two electric drive motors 116, two gears and two pinions. All pinions 118 of each lifting unit 110 lie vertically one above the other and each carry and raise or lower a rack 126.
  • a spacer element 120 FIG. 11
  • the lifting units 110 are fastened on the portal bridges 24 or the cross members 102, 104.
  • all lifting units 110 are to be controlled together in such a way that the usually four racks 126 move together and at the same speed.
  • each lifting unit 110 is assigned a rack magazine 122, only one of which is indicated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • Each of these magazines 122 contains separation and fastening devices for individual toothed rack segments of the support member 126 and means for moving the toothed rack segments into and out of the alignment line of the support members 126.
  • a middle chute 140 can be inserted between the two chutes 11, 12 and can be securely connected to the outer chutes 11, 12 with the aid of preferably articulated connecting supports 142.
  • the central chute 140 In the area of its central axis, the central chute 140 has a plurality of support blocks 144 on which the heavy load 15 rests, while the lifting mechanism 10 transports the heavy load from its place of manufacture to its installation location.
  • the use of the hoist 10 according to the second embodiment is largely similar to the use of the first embodiment. It is understood that the above-mentioned land support towers at the front ends of each completed bridge segment can now be omitted. A lifting beam 28 is pushed under a completed bridge segment at two positions provided for this purpose. Then the entire hoist is positioned above the headland without the middle chute 140 in the manner already described. For this and for all other transport tasks, tractors will usually be used. The lower ends of four support members 126 are then coupled to the lifting supports 28, whereupon the lifting units are driven together. You first lift the lifting beam 28 from below against the heavy load 15 and then raise it by the necessary amount until the lifting mechanism 10 can be floated out of the area of the headland.
  • the middle chute 140 With longer transport routes, the middle chute 140 will now be pushed into the space between the chutes 11, 12 and fixed with the connecting supports 142. The heavy load or the bridge segment can then be lowered onto the support brackets 144 in order to give the entire hoist the lowest possible center of gravity during transport.
  • part of the weight of the bridge segment is also carried by the outer barges during transport in order to optimize the stability of the lifting mechanism 10 during transport.
  • the heavy load remains partially suspended on the support members 126 even after being lowered onto the support stands, to such an extent that all three barges are loaded as evenly as possible.
  • the bridge segment 15 is continuously raised and brought over two bridge piers by moving the entire hoist with tractor aid, where it is then lowered into its final position with the aid of the lifting drives.
  • the lifting and lowering speed that can be achieved with this embodiment is approximately 50 cm / min.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
EP19900120475 1990-07-30 1990-10-25 Device for lifting, lowering and the water carriage of heavy loads Withdrawn EP0469182A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4024135 1990-07-30
DE19904024135 DE4024135C1 (fr) 1990-07-30 1990-07-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0469182A2 true EP0469182A2 (fr) 1992-02-05
EP0469182A3 EP0469182A3 (en) 1992-06-10

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EP19900120475 Withdrawn EP0469182A3 (en) 1990-07-30 1990-10-25 Device for lifting, lowering and the water carriage of heavy loads

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EP (1) EP0469182A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4024135C1 (fr)

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WO2005123499A1 (fr) * 2004-06-21 2005-12-29 Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V. Vaisseaux de mer servant a supporter des structures a placer ou a enlever par rapport au fond de la mer ou d'installations en mer
DE202006009979U1 (de) * 2006-06-23 2007-11-08 A.C.A. Gmbh Edv & Cnc-Technik Trageinrichtung für Flachbildschirme
CN102304943A (zh) * 2011-06-30 2012-01-04 北京航空航天大学 一种空间桁架结构的顶升方法
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CN102094389B (zh) * 2009-12-14 2013-04-24 上海市基础工程有限公司 分离式大节段桁架梁液压提升装置
US8490724B2 (en) 2011-12-16 2013-07-23 Shawn R. Smith Centering device for load transporting apparatus
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EP0469182A3 (en) 1992-06-10

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