EP0471978B1 - Elément de couverture de surfaces drainant et l'application - Google Patents

Elément de couverture de surfaces drainant et l'application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0471978B1
EP0471978B1 EP91111775A EP91111775A EP0471978B1 EP 0471978 B1 EP0471978 B1 EP 0471978B1 EP 91111775 A EP91111775 A EP 91111775A EP 91111775 A EP91111775 A EP 91111775A EP 0471978 B1 EP0471978 B1 EP 0471978B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facing layer
pores
surface paving
concrete
paving element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91111775A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0471978A3 (en
EP0471978A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Rainer Jung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WERNER ZAPF KG
Original Assignee
WERNER ZAPF KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6410378&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0471978(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by WERNER ZAPF KG filed Critical WERNER ZAPF KG
Priority to DE9116773U priority Critical patent/DE9116773U1/de
Priority to AT91111775T priority patent/ATE104008T1/de
Publication of EP0471978A2 publication Critical patent/EP0471978A2/fr
Publication of EP0471978A3 publication Critical patent/EP0471978A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0471978B1 publication Critical patent/EP0471978B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E01C5/065—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders characterised by their structure or component materials, e.g. concrete layers of different structure, special additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-permeable surface fastening element for traffic surfaces according to the preambles of claim 1 or of claim 4.
  • a water-permeable surface fastening element as a paving element is known from DE-A1-3 909 169.
  • Traffic areas are understood to mean, in particular, roads, paths, parking lots, courtyards and terraces, traffic being understood to mean both motor vehicle traffic and traffic with bicycles or people.
  • Surface fasteners are understood to mean, in particular, paving stones or path slabs, with or without interlocking.
  • Water-permeable surface fastening elements have therefore already been developed, which in turn have to be laid on a water-permeable substructure.
  • the water permeability also requires air permeability.
  • the invention relates to a development of such surface fastening elements.
  • Known surface fasteners of this type have a relatively coarse-grained structure with a rough surface and coarse pores through to the surface.
  • Surface contaminants including contaminants washed up by precipitation, gradually clog these coarse pores, so that water and air permeability decrease significantly over time and, in the borderline case, are no longer guaranteed. Since such contamination extends into the depth of the stone body, it is difficult or impossible to flush it out.
  • the rough surface causes a relatively high rolling resistance and thus not only a braking effect, for example on bicycles, but also generally a relatively high traffic noise. Even pedestrians find walking on rough artificial stone surfaces uncomfortable, for example because of the risk of getting caught while walking.
  • a sand-free mixture with a bond by asphalt binder is provided, which is highly viscous when it is still warm.
  • the grain should be in the rough texture of the base layer and thus enable a lower total thickness of the asphalt layer in comparison with the theoretical thickness value relatively large grain sizes are obviously not feared by placing the fine core of the upper layer in the coarse-grained texture of the base layer.
  • poroelastic two-layer asphalt obtained in this way should not only reduce noise, but also water permeability with dirt repellency, Permeability for fine dirt particles and self-cleaning due to the elastic structure due to traffic-related pressure interactions between the top layer and base layer. Cleaning techniques with pressure flushing from top to bottom through the porous asphalt layer are considered effective.
  • DE-A1-3 909 169 from which the preambles of claims 1 and 4 are based, relates to a water-permeable, natural-colored plaster element which, with high mechanical strength, should not fade on its natural-colored surface even after a long period of use and which is nevertheless easy to produce.
  • a body made of normal concrete, i.e. of cement, aggregates and water, which is permeable to water through the incorporation of cavities is provided with a likewise water-permeable, porous, thin facing layer made of shattered, colored natural stone.
  • the smashed natural stone is bound by a hard plastic binder, which is pressed into the cavities of the body in the manufacture of the plaster element in a press fit to bind the facing layer to the body.
  • An organic binder is thus used both in the paving element of DE-Al-3 909 169 and in the rubber asphalt discussed above.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a water-permeable surface fastener that is less sensitive to dirt, possibly even cleanable, and has a lower rolling resistance.
  • the relatively fine, continuous pores of the facing layer have a filtering effect with regard to contaminants.
  • Coarser contaminants are retained on the top of the surface fastening element and can be easily swept away or washed away there.
  • a side effect of the more pore-shaped formation of the facing layer even if one does not explicitly provide additional smoothing measures for the surface (cf. claim 10), a reduction in rolling resistance and thus a reduction in the other negative effects mentioned in connection with rolling resistance results.
  • Facing layers are also known per se for non-water-permeable surface fastening elements, e.g. for decorative design of the surface.
  • the "pore diameter” is understood to mean the largest possible diameter of a ball that just fits into the pore or can “slip” through it.
  • Average pore diameter is the average of the pore diameters of all pores in the body or the facing layer. According to the literature, the "average pore diameter” for a single-grain concrete is approximately 0.14 x average grain size, which is to be understood as the mean value of the grain group used according to DIN 4226 Part 1.
  • claims 1 and 2 define pore diameter ranges which give the desired filter effect mentioned while reducing the risk of clogging but maintaining the water permeability.
  • the strengths of claims 5 and 6 and the grain size of claim 3 are coordinated.
  • the average grain size (see e.g. Claim 3) is based on the mean value of the grain group according to DIN 4226.
  • the choice of materials in the context of the production of the surface fastening elements according to the invention relate to basic materials customary for concrete, so that binders based on plastics or organic binders are unnecessary.
  • the usual concrete binder that has not yet hardened is in accordance with DIN 1045 (concrete and reinforced concrete), no. 2.1.2, cement paste from a mixture of cement and water.
  • DIN 485 pravement slabs made of concrete
  • DIN 18501 cobblestones made of concrete
  • the mineral grains of the surface fastening elements according to the invention correspond to the additives of this standard.
  • the surface fastener according to claim 1 is modified with respect to the body so that the mineral grains are formed by the binder to an inherently water-impermeable body in which continuous pores are formed as through channels.
  • the then finer-pored facing layer compared to these channels distributes the absorbed liquid together with the absorbed micro-dirt particles over the individual channels, which can be provided with a lower surface density than otherwise in a body of the known type with pore formation between the individual grains.
  • the invention also relates to the application a high-pressure water jet method for flushing out the continuous pores of the facing layer in the traffic area network of area fastening elements according to the invention. It has been shown that the unavoidable slow addition of the facing layer according to the invention can be remedied by appropriate flushing, so that the surface fastening elements according to the invention, unlike single-layer known water-permeable surface fastening elements, can also be regenerated in the application.
  • High-pressure water jet is understood to mean a water jet in particular in a pressure range of 20 to 40 bar, ie a range that is quite common for such high-pressure water jet processes.
  • a surface fastening element 2 is composed of a body 4 located at the bottom and an upper facing layer 6 which is thinner than the body.
  • the top 8 of the facing layer forms an element of a traffic area to be produced.
  • the body 4 is laid on a water-permeable substructure, not shown.
  • the body 4 and the facing layer 6 each have approximately the same thickness over the respective cross section shown, so that the top 8 of the facing layer, the underside 12 of the body 4 and the boundary layer 10 between the facing layer 6 and body 4 form essentially flat parallel surfaces.
  • the upper side 8 is expediently designed to be smooth, while the boundary layer 10 between the facing layer 6 and the body 4 is expedient represents only an ideal surface, which in practice describes a form-fitting engagement of facing layer 6 and body 4.
  • the underside 12 of the body 4 can also have a rough to jagged structure.
  • the facing layer 6 consists of mineral grains 14, the respective surface 16 of which is covered by a concrete binder, not shown, so that a structure in the manner of a single-grain pore concrete is formed.
  • the intermediate space between the mineral grains 14 is not completely filled with the concrete binder, but the concrete binder serves essentially only for the superficial mutual bonding of the mineral grains 14 to one another, a largely coherent mesh of open pores being formed in the intermediate space.
  • vertically continuous pores 20 also form in particular from the top 8 of the facing layer 6 to the boundary layer 10.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 While the two exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same in this respect, they differ in the following:
  • the structure of the body 4 is basically the same as that of the facing layer 6 with the only exception that the mineral grains 22 of the body 4 have a substantially larger grain size than the mineral grains 14 of the facing layer 6.
  • the concrete binder not shown.
  • only such a quantity of concrete binder is used that, as in the case of the facing layer, it essentially only acts as a surface and results in an open pore network with more or less horizontally extending pores 26 and more or less vertically extending pores 28, the latter of the interface 10 between facing layer 6 and body 4 in vertical Pass through towards the bottom 12 of the body 4.
  • the continuous or open pore mesh of the facing layer and the continuous or open pore mesh of the body must communicate at least in the vertical direction; therefore, even when connecting the facing layer and body in the interface 10, the concrete binder should only be used sparingly, insofar as it also connects the facing layer 6 and body 4.
  • the vertical pores 20 of the facing layer 6 must communicate with the vertical pores 28 of the body 4. Due to the larger grain size of the mineral grains 22 in the body, the mean free passage cross section of the vertically continuous pores 28 of the body is also larger than that of the vertically continuous pores 20 of the facing layer 6.
  • mineral grains that are still used are instead formed by the concrete binder to form an otherwise dense body 30, in which instead of the vertically continuous pores 28 of the embodiment of FIG. 1, vertical vertically running from top to bottom Channels 32 are preformed, which have a significantly larger passage cross section than the vertical pores 20 of the facing layer 6 and can also have a larger passage cross section than the vertical pores 28 of the body 4 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • a substantially smaller number of vertical channels 32 in the embodiment of FIG. 2 than in the case of vertical pores 28 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 are sufficient.
  • the vertical channels 32 are distributed over the horizontal cross-sectional area of the surface fastening element so that the water entering the body 4 through the pore mesh in the facing layer 6 is discharged as evenly and as completely as possible to the underside 12 of the body 4, even in the second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 becomes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Elément (2) de consolidation de surface perméable à l'eau pour surfaces de circulation comprenant,
       un corps (4) en béton, dans lequel des grains minéraux (22) sont liés par le liant du béton en laissant libres des pores traversants (28),
       et comprenant une couche de parement (6) plus mince, qui recouvre le corps (4), dans laquelle des grains minéraux (14) sont liés par un liant en laissant subsister des pores (20) qui traversent jusqu'au corps (4),
    caractérisé
       en ce que le liant de la couche de parement (6) est le liant de béton, de telle sorte que l'élément (2) de consolidation de surface est entièrement composé de béton, et
       en ce que le diamètre moyen des pores de la couche de parement (6) est au maximum égal à la moitié du diamètre moyen des pores du corps (4).
  2. Elément de consolidation de surface selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre moyen des pores de la couche de parement (6) est maximum égal un tiers du diamètre moyen des pores du corps (4).
  3. Elément de consolidation de surface selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la taille moyenne des grains de la couche de parement (6) représente au maximum la moitié, de préférence un tiers, de la taille de grain moyenne des grains du corps (4).
  4. Elément (2) de consolidation de surface perméable à l'eau pour surfaces de circulation, comprenant :
       un corps (4) en béton, dans lequel sont laissés libres des pores traversants,
       et une couche de parement (6) plus mince, qui recouvre le corps (4), dans laquelle des grains minéraux (14) sont liés par un liant en laissant libres des pores (20) qui traversent jusqu'au corps (4),
       caractérisé
       en ce que le liant de la couche de parement (6) est aussi le liant du béton, de sorte que l'élément (2) de consolidation de surface est entièrement composé de béton,
       en ce que les pores traversants du corps (4) sont des canaux verticaux (32) préalablement formés dans un corps (30) qui est étanche par ailleurs, et
       en ce que la section libre moyenne des pores de la couche de parement (6) est plus petite que la section libre moyenne des canaux (32), pour une même surface de base.
  5. Elément de consolidation de surface selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche de parement (6) représente au maximum un quart, de préférence au maximum un sixième de l'épaisseur du corps (4).
  6. Elément de consolidation de surface selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche de parement (6) est au moins égale à un vingtième, de préférence à un dixième de l'épaisseur du corps (4).
  7. Elément de consolidation de surface selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que des fibres sont réparties sur l'étendue de la couche de pare ment (6) et/ou du corps (4).
  8. Elément de consolidation de surface selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, comme fibres, des fibres minérales, de préférence des fibres de verre.
  9. Elément de consolidation de surface selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, comme fibres, des fibres synthétiques.
  10. Elément de consolidation de surface selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la face supérieure (8) de la couche de parement (6) est de forme lisse à pores fins.
  11. Emploi d'un procédé de projection d'eau à haute pression pour la désobstruction des pores traversants (20) de la couche de parement (6) dans un assemblage d'éléments (2) de consolidation de surface selon une des revendications 1 à 10 formant une surface de circulation.
EP91111775A 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 Elément de couverture de surfaces drainant et l'application Expired - Lifetime EP0471978B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9116773U DE9116773U1 (de) 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 Wasserdurchlässiges Flächenbefestigungselement und dessen Anwendung
AT91111775T ATE104008T1 (de) 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 Wasserdurchlaessiges flaechenbefestigungselement und anwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4022586A DE4022586A1 (de) 1990-07-16 1990-07-16 Wasserdurchlaessiges flaechenbefestigungselement und anwendung
DE4022586 1990-07-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0471978A2 EP0471978A2 (fr) 1992-02-26
EP0471978A3 EP0471978A3 (en) 1992-04-22
EP0471978B1 true EP0471978B1 (fr) 1994-04-06

Family

ID=6410378

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91111775A Expired - Lifetime EP0471978B1 (fr) 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 Elément de couverture de surfaces drainant et l'application

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0471978B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE104008T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4022586A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2236670A2 (fr) 2009-03-25 2010-10-06 Windmolders Beton N.V Pavé poreux et son procédé de fabrication

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DE19501091C2 (de) * 1995-01-16 1997-06-19 Munderkingen Betonwerke Mehrschichtverbundstein
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DE19701420A1 (de) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-09 Quarz Color Steidle Baustoff G Außenbelag mit wasserdurchlässigen Eigenschaften
DE19705625A1 (de) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Metten Stein & Design Gmbh Pflasterfläche mit Regenwasserabführung
DE19733588A1 (de) * 1997-08-02 1999-02-18 Koch Marmorit Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserdurchlässigen Belägen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung desselben
NL1010563C2 (nl) * 1998-11-16 2000-05-17 Hck Holding Bv Betratingselement alsmede straat voorzien van een reeks van dergelijke bestratingselementen.
FR2787817A1 (fr) * 1998-12-28 2000-06-30 Michel Tabore Revetement de sol
JP2001064902A (ja) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-13 Nihon Kogyo Co Ltd 舗装用ブロック及び舗装用ブロックの敷設構造
DE10110629A1 (de) 2001-03-06 2002-10-02 Ernst Ries Verfahren zur Sanierung von zumindest eine Abplatzung aufweisenden Steinen und nach diesem Verfahren sanierter Stein
WO2003031722A1 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-17 Takenaka Corporation Materiau de pavement absorbeur d'onde electromagnetique et structure de pavement associee
FR2981373B1 (fr) * 2011-10-13 2020-05-01 Edycem Beton Revetement de sol drainant, son procede de fabrication et ses utilisations sur un sol permeable ou impermeable
CN112252109B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2024-10-15 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 一种可恢复透水性的透水路面
DE102022123032A1 (de) * 2022-09-09 2024-03-14 braun-steine GmbH Drycast-kunststeinkörper und herstellungsverfahren eines solchen drycast-kunststeinkörpers
BE1031373B1 (nl) * 2023-02-24 2024-09-23 Vdv R&D Waterdoorlatend wandelement voor een water buffer reservoir

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2236670A2 (fr) 2009-03-25 2010-10-06 Windmolders Beton N.V Pavé poreux et son procédé de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59101318D1 (de) 1994-05-11
DE4022586A1 (de) 1991-08-08
EP0471978A3 (en) 1992-04-22
EP0471978A2 (fr) 1992-02-26
ATE104008T1 (de) 1994-04-15

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