EP0487497B1 - Procédé pour diminuer la perméabilité à la vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé pour diminuer la perméabilité à la vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487497B1
EP0487497B1 EP19910890285 EP91890285A EP0487497B1 EP 0487497 B1 EP0487497 B1 EP 0487497B1 EP 19910890285 EP19910890285 EP 19910890285 EP 91890285 A EP91890285 A EP 91890285A EP 0487497 B1 EP0487497 B1 EP 0487497B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
paper
medium
coating medium
additives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910890285
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0487497A1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Dr. Rüf
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Bachler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mondi Frantschach GmbH
Original Assignee
Patria Papier and Zellstoff AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT233790A external-priority patent/AT396135B/de
Priority claimed from AT27991A external-priority patent/AT396136B/de
Application filed by Patria Papier and Zellstoff AG filed Critical Patria Papier and Zellstoff AG
Publication of EP0487497A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487497A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0487497B1 publication Critical patent/EP0487497B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
    • D21H19/18—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising waxes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/46—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
    • Y10T428/31804—Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31808—Cellulosic is paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31844—Of natural gum, rosin, natural oil or lac
    • Y10T428/31848—Next to cellulosic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the water vapor permeability of paper, cardboard or the like, in which the paper is coated with an application medium, and to the paper thus produced.
  • the collective term paper is understood to mean not only cardboard, but also cardboard and similar nonwovens.
  • EP-A-0 393 451 has already proposed coating the paper with a coating composition which contains one or more polymer dispersions, the coating composition containing a mixture of paraffin dispersion and an aqueous dispersion of carboxylated styrene butadiene.
  • the aim of the invention is to produce a process for producing a water vapor-tight paper which is completely recyclable, consists of toxicologically and biologically completely harmless components and which can be used with materials obtained essentially from renewable resources.
  • the raw material for the production of resin glue is divided into three different basic types after they have been extracted, these are: root resin, balsam resin and tall resin.
  • the main constituent of the resins of interest in this context are resin acids, the most important of which are: Abietic acid Levopimaric acid Palustric acid Dehydroabietic acid Dihydroabietic acid Tetrahydroabietic acid Pimaric acid Isopimaric acid
  • the raw resins are usually "reinforced", ie 8-13% maleic anhydride or fumaric acid is added to the resin at about 200 ° C.
  • the resins are then dispersed in water, generally using casein as a protective colloid to stabilize the dispersion.
  • casein a protective colloid
  • Henkel's dehydol types based on fatty alcohols and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers can be used as surfactants.
  • Paraffin wax dispersions are used as waxes.
  • a particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that the application can be carried out on any coating device customary in paper production.
  • the stroke is possible with an air knife or blade as well as a doctor blade with normal drying.
  • the application medium is water-based and therefore free of organic solvents and chlorine compounds. Furthermore, it is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • Free resin glue dispersions are known per se as sizing agents for paper, but generally only as bulk sizing agents, i.e. they are added in the paper machine before sheet formation. However, it was previously believed in the specialist world that such glues were not suitable as coating compositions for application in a coating system, since the film-forming properties were too poor.
  • EP-A-37 055 and DD-A-211 819 also describe the use of resin sizes for sizing paper. What has been said about AT-B-372 432 applies here analogously.
  • GB-A-1 604 847 relates to the surface treatment of paper with foams containing resin. The purpose here is also the hydrophobization. Various additives are said to control foam formation. None can be gained for the invention from this publication either.
  • the film formation is achieved at 50 ° - 120 ° C and at the same time the water is evaporated from the emulsion. Furthermore, the strength values in the paper treated by the process according to the invention are improved by approximately 15-20%. Gluing is possible without any problems. It is also possible to dissolve the coated paper without difficulty in the pulper at fabric densities of about 3 to 15%.
  • the base paper is pigmented before coating. In this way, the required order quantity for the barrier effect can be drastically reduced. In this way, the paper can be made white and at the same time waterproof.
  • Alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ethers can be used as additives, e.g. Lutensol AP from BASF. It is particularly favorable if amines are provided as further additives, e.g. Triethanolamine or diethylethanolamine.
  • Ammonia can also be used as an additive. If ammonia is added as a 25% solution as an additive, a highly viscous, spreadable, clear solution is obtained with NH 3 additions of 1% - 10% and preferably 3% - 5%. The mixture is made by stirring the ammonia water into the resin glue dispersion until a clear solution is obtained.
  • the use of ammonia achieves a water vapor tightness that corresponds at least to that which can be achieved with other additives. However, such a method is always associated with ammonia emission, which makes it necessary to scrub the exhaust air.
  • fatty alcohols e.g. Henkel's dehypon or dehydol
  • fatty alcohol ethoxylates e.g. Peratom 123 from Henkel or fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with fatty acids, e.g. Dehydol HD-FC-6 from Henkel
  • fatty acids e.g. Dehydol HD-FC-6 from Henkel
  • the brittleness can be significantly reduced and the strength can also be increased somewhat.
  • a filler is added to the application medium.
  • Platelet-shaped pigment substances such as e.g. Talc, because this structure extremely extends the diffusion path of water vapor. In principle, however, all pigments can be used for the purpose of saving chemicals. You can use fillers from the group of calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate and titanium oxide.
  • the solids content of the application medium is set to 20 to 70%, the viscosity being between 30 and 800 mPas, preferably between 50 and 300 mPas. In this way it is possible to work with all common application units without any problems.
  • a primer before applying the application medium.
  • This primer can basically be carried out with the same application medium as the actual coat, but a medium with an increased filler content can be used. In this way, the amount of resin required can be minimized.
  • a paper surface temperature of 20 ° to 160 ° C., preferably 50 ° to 130 ° C., is required. The temperature depends on the softening point of the resin glue that is used. With this double line, an extreme water vapor density can be achieved, which is less than 20 g / m2d (WDD 90% ). Furthermore, such a double stroke is particularly useful if the layer thicknesses that are not as great as required in a single application. can be applied.
  • the primer contains polyvinyl alcohol and in particular consists of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and pigments. Furthermore, this primer is to be subjected to a thermal treatment with temperatures between 120 ° C and 170 ° C, preferably between 140 ° C and 160 ° C. It has been found that a line with a PVA-containing mass has a very low water vapor permeability due to the thermal treatment. Polyvinyl alcohol is also completely free of halogens and completely toxicologically and ecologically harmless. In particular, no organic solvents are required. In addition to the polyvinyl alcohol, fillers such as calcium carbonate, mica, kaolin, aluminum hydroxide, Aluminum silicate, talc, starch, or titanium oxide can be provided. Furthermore, an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer can also be included in the coating, as a result of which particularly good resistance to water and better water vapor tightness are achieved.
  • a top coat is additionally applied. It is advantageous if the top coat contains polyvinyl alcohol and that this top coat is subjected to a thermal treatment at temperatures between 120 ° C and 170 ° C, preferably between 140 ° C and 160 ° C.
  • the advantages described above of coating compositions containing polyvinyl alcohol also apply to the top coat. Since polyvinyl alcohol has a particularly good water vapor impermeability in the range of small to medium atmospheric humidity, whereas the line with a free resin glue dispersion can be used particularly advantageously in the range of high moisture levels, the double-coated paper will always be used so that the layer with the free resin glue dispersion faces the moist side . In the case of a pre-coat with PVA, which is covered by a layer containing a free resin dispersion, the coated side of the paper is oriented towards moisture. In contrast, with paper that has a PVA top layer, the coating will always be oriented towards the dry side.
  • the water vapor diffusion barrier consists of a resin-based base coat (resin glue, surfactant, polyvinyl acetate, takum) and a PVA-based top coat with pigments.
  • resin-based base coat resin glue, surfactant, polyvinyl acetate, takum
  • PVA-based top coat with pigments.
  • the wetting and adhesion of the PVA top coat on the resin coat can be improved by a corona treatment. This eliminates the need for surfactants in the PVA top coat.
  • the invention relates to a paper with increased water vapor tightness according to claim 10, which is coated with an application medium.
  • the application medium is formed from a free resin dispersion, which additives to improve the film-forming properties, including Contains surfactants or waxes, and preferably further additives.
  • the application amount of the coating is between 5 and 30 g / m2.
  • a Kraft paper of 70 g / m2 machine-smooth is used as base paper for all examples.
  • this paper is examined uncoated.
  • this paper is conventionally polyethylene-laminated.
  • the water vapor permeability (like WDD) in g / m2 and day is determined for all examples under two different conditions.
  • the paper is coated with an application medium of the following composition. 65% resin glue atro 30% talc atro (Fintalk C 10). 5% surfactant (Dehydol HD-FC-6) The coating is done as a double coat with 12 g / m2 application amount for the first and 7 g / m2 for the second coat.
  • An application medium of the following recipe is used: 50% resin glue atro 30% talc atro 18% atro. Ethylene vinyl acetate 2% dehydol HD-FC-6 The coating is done as a double coat with 12 g / m2 application amount for the first and 7 g / m2 for the second coat.
  • Example 2 has the advantage over that of Example 1 that it has greater elasticity and thus improved kink resistance, the internal strength of the coating being much higher.
  • a coat with a mass which contains polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVA coatings are examined.
  • an uncoated paper is first juxtaposed with a paper that is coated with a line of polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene acrylic acid in a ratio of 70:30.
  • Coatings with the following composition are examined in the two columns on the right: 35% polyvinyl alcohol 65% talc
  • a coating according to Examples 1 and 2 is combined with a free resin glue dispersion together with a coating of Example 3 PVA, a synergy effect results from the fact that the free resin glue coating is particularly effective at high atmospheric humidity, whereas the PVA coating has its advantageous properties particularly shows lower and medium humidity levels.
  • the line with the free resin dispersion is on the wet side and the PVA is on the dry side of the paper.
  • the free resin glue dispersion the composition of which corresponds to that of example 2, is applied in a smaller amount.
  • Example 5 only a PVA coating consisting of 65% talc and 35% PVA Mowiol 6-98 is applied, which has been heat-treated at 140 ° C.
  • a free resin glue dispersion base coat according to example 4 is combined with a PVA top coat according to example 5.
  • a double coat with a free resin glue dispersion with an application amount of 10 g / m2 is combined with a PVA coat, the PVA-coated side facing the dry climate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour diminuer la perméabilité à la vapeur de papier, de carton, ou de produits similaires, dans lequel le papier est recouvert par un milieu d'enduction, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction est formé d'une dispersion de colle résinique libre, qui contient des additifs visant à améliorer les propriétés filmogènes, parmi lesquels des agents de surface ou des cires, ainsi que, de préférence, d'autres additifs, la quantité d'agent enducteur lors de l'enduction étant comprise entre 5 g/m² et 30 g/m², par rapport à la substance sèche, et en ce qu'on effectue un séchage de l'enduction à une température comprise entre 50°C et 120°C.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise, comme additifs, des émulsions à base de cires de paraffine, des éthers d'alkylphénols et de polyéthylèneglycols, des amines, des aminoxéthylates dérivés d'amines grasses, des alcools éthoxylates dérivés d'alcools gras, des éthers d'alcools gras et de polyglycols avec des acides gras ou de l'ammoniac (ou de l'ammoniaque).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction contient en plus des polymères comme par exemple du latex, de l'éthylène-acétate de vinyle, de l'éthylène-acide acrylique, de l'éthylène-ester d'acide acrylique ou des copolymères éthylène acide acrylique.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction contient en plus une charge ayant une structure en forme de plaquettes, qui est choisie de préférence parmi le groupe formé par le kaolin, le talc et le mica.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction contient en plus une charge, qui est choisie parmi le groupe formé par le carbonate de calcium, l'hydroxyde d'aluminium, le silicate d'aluminium et l'oxyde de titane.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une sous-couche ou couche préalable, contenant de préférence un alcool polyvinylique, est étendue avant l'application du milieu d'enduction, et cette couche préalable est soumise de manière particulièrement préférée à un traitement thermique à une température comprise entre 120°C et 170°C, de préférence entre 140°C et 160°C.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, en addition, une couche de recouvrement est déposée.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche de recouvrement contient, en tant que principal composant, un alcool polyvinylique et cette couche de recouvrement est soumise de préférence à un traitement thermique à une température comprise entre 120°C et 170°C, de préférence entre 140°C et 160°C.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche de recouvrement contient une charge, choisie de préférence parmi le groupe formé par le carbonate de calcium, le kaolin, le talc, l'hydroxyde d'aluminium, le silicate d'aluminium, l'oxyde de titane et le mica, ainsi que, éventuellement, un copolymère acide acrylique-éthylène.
  10. Papier ayant une étanchéité élevée à la vapeur, qui est recouvert par un milieu d'enduction, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction est formé d'une dispersion de colle résinique libre, avant le séchage sur du papier, et qui contient, afin d'améliorer les propriétés filmogènes, des additifs, parmi lesquels des agents de surface ou des cires ainsi que de préférence d'autres additifs, la quantité en agent enducteur de l'enduction étant comprise entre 5 g/m² et 30 g/m² et de préférence entre 10 g/m² et 20 g/m².
  11. Papier selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que des émulsions à base de cires de polyéthylène, d'éthers d'alkylphénols et de polyéthylèneglycols, d'amines, d'aminoxéthylates d'amines grasses, d'alcool-éthoxylates d'alcools gras ou d'ammoniac (ou ammoniaque) sont prévus comme additifs.
  12. Papier selon l'une des revendications 10 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une sous-couche ou couche préalable, contenant de préférence un alcool polyvinylique, est prévue en dessous du milieu d'enduction ou une couche de recouvrement, contenant de préférence un alcool polyvinylique, est prévue au dessus du milieu d'enduction.
  13. Papier selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction et/ou la couche de recouvrement et/ou la couche préalable contiennent en plus une charge ayant une structure en forme de plaquettes, qui est choisie de préférence parmi le groupe formé par le kaolin, le talc et le mica.
  14. Papier selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le milieu d'enduction et/ou la couche de recouvrement et/ou la couche préalable contiennent en plus une charge, qui est choisie parmi le groupe formé par le carbonate de calcium, l'hydroxyde d'aluminium, le silicate d'aluminium et l'oxyde de titane.
EP19910890285 1990-11-19 1991-11-18 Procédé pour diminuer la perméabilité à la vapeur Expired - Lifetime EP0487497B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT233790A AT396135B (de) 1990-11-19 1990-11-19 Verfahren zur verringerung der wasserdampfdurchlaessigkeit von papier, pappe od. dgl. und papier mit erhoehter wasserdampfdichtigkeit
AT2337/90 1990-11-19
AT279/91 1991-02-08
AT27991A AT396136B (de) 1991-02-08 1991-02-08 Verfahren zur verringerung der wasserdampfdurchlaessigkeit von papier, pappe od. dgl. und papier mit erhoehter wasserdampfdichtigkeit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0487497A1 EP0487497A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
EP0487497B1 true EP0487497B1 (fr) 1995-05-24

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ID=25592152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910890285 Expired - Lifetime EP0487497B1 (fr) 1990-11-19 1991-11-18 Procédé pour diminuer la perméabilité à la vapeur

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5358790A (fr)
EP (1) EP0487497B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE123093T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2055745C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ283904B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59105579D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI108305B (fr)
HU (1) HU213655B (fr)
PL (1) PL292442A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK280371B6 (fr)

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US9365980B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-14 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same

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EP2740685B2 (fr) * 2012-12-06 2019-12-25 Mayr-Melnhof Karton AG Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'emballage revêtu et matériau d'emballage doté d'au moins une couche d'arrêt pour compositions hydrophobes

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9358576B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-07 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same
US9365980B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-14 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI915457A0 (fi) 1991-11-19
CZ283904B6 (cs) 1998-07-15
HUT66784A (en) 1994-12-28
US5358790A (en) 1994-10-25
SK280371B6 (sk) 1999-12-10
CS350191A3 (en) 1992-08-12
FI108305B (fi) 2001-12-31
PL292442A1 (en) 1992-07-27
CA2055745C (fr) 2001-01-30
CA2055745A1 (fr) 1992-05-20
FI915457L (fi) 1992-05-20
ATE123093T1 (de) 1995-06-15
EP0487497A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
DE59105579D1 (de) 1995-06-29
HU213655B (en) 1997-09-29
HU913528D0 (en) 1992-02-28

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