EP0511280A1 - Procede et appareil pour faire du compost avec des dechets organiques - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour faire du compost avec des dechets organiques

Info

Publication number
EP0511280A1
EP0511280A1 EP91903059A EP91903059A EP0511280A1 EP 0511280 A1 EP0511280 A1 EP 0511280A1 EP 91903059 A EP91903059 A EP 91903059A EP 91903059 A EP91903059 A EP 91903059A EP 0511280 A1 EP0511280 A1 EP 0511280A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condensation
casing
refuse
gas
drainage zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91903059A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bengt Larsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SAHLIN Folke
Original Assignee
SAHLIN Folke
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SAHLIN Folke filed Critical SAHLIN Folke
Publication of EP0511280A1 publication Critical patent/EP0511280A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/907—Small-scale devices without mechanical means for feeding or discharging material, e.g. garden compost bins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for composting organic refuse, especially gar ⁇ den refuse and domestic waste.
  • a well-known method of dealing with the problem of waste management is to make a compost heap in which the refuse waste is decomposed by microorganisms. For example, carbon dioxide and water are formed during the decom ⁇ position process. This method is quite satisfactory when it comes to garden refuse, but may give rise to sanitary problems if food waste becomes available to vermin which may scatter the waste in the environment and contribute to spreading infectious diseases.
  • Known composting methods are usually based on iso ⁇ thermal principles, which means that a constant tempera ⁇ ture is maintained in the refuse by supplying heat, e.g. by means of a heater or hot air which is blown through the refuse by means of a fan. This principle is applied e.g. in industrial composting plants and in toilets in holiday houses.
  • DE-Al-3,736,889 discloses a method and an apparatus in which the refuse is surrounded by heat-insulating sur ⁇ faces.
  • the apparatus operates in part according to the adiabatic principle.
  • this principle there is no leakage of reaction heat from the microbial activity in the compost material into the ambient atmos- phere.
  • Moisture and gases formed during composting will however diffuse through the heat-insulating surfaces, which are not vapourproof. By their unpleasant smell, the gases may constitute a sanitary problem and also attract vermin, such as rats.
  • vermin such as rats.
  • To control the conditions in the compost material use is made of different means for con ⁇ trolling the supply of oxygen, the temperature etc.
  • a simple composting device for use in gardens is disclosed in EP-A1-0,094.094, where the compost material is enclosed by a wire basket surrounded by a casing, and where heat is supplied externally by solar radiation on the casing of the composting device, thus heating the air within the casing.
  • Commercially available garden-type composting devices are essentially designed according to the principle described in EP-Al-0,094,094, i.e. the com ⁇ post material is heated by the absorption of solar heat for increasing the temperature in the composting device.
  • the composting of domestic waste in an ordinary gar ⁇ den-type composting device however poses different prob ⁇ lems, such as unpleasant odour, attraction of flies, etc.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a method for composting organic refuse, such as garden refuse and domestic waste, in a substantially odourless manner with a mininum of attendance.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the inventive method, which primarily prevents emission of unpleasant smells.
  • the apparatus according to the invention should also be reliable in operation and so designed as to prevent the ingress of vermin in the compost material, while allowing worms to pass through to assist in the decomposition pro- cess and to spread the final compost material.
  • an apparatus for composting organic refuse containing animal domestic waste in which use is only made of heat gene ⁇ rated during the decomposition process, which apparatus is characterised by a heat-insulating, gas-tight casing containing said refuse, and a condensation and drainage zone through which oxygen is conducted to the refuse by the action of a pressure difference produced between the interior of the casing and the ambient atmosphere, and to which liquid and reaction gases produced during the decom ⁇ position process are conducted.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an inventive apparatus for composting organic refuse.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the inventive method for compost ⁇ ing organic refuse.
  • Organic refuse 2 in the form of e.g. garden and domestic refuse is placed in an inner, gas- and water-permeable container, such as a wire basket 4.
  • the basket 4 with the organic refuse 2 is placed on the ground 6.
  • a heat-insulating, gas-tight casing 8 surrounds those sides of the refuse-containing basket 4 which do not make contact with the ground 6.
  • the casing 8 sur ⁇ rounds the basket 4 in spaced-apart relationship thereto, thus defining an air gap 10 between the basket and the casing.
  • the vertical boundary walls of the cas ⁇ ing 8 extended into the ground 6 so as to terminate on a level below the ground surface.
  • the method according to the present invention permits decomposing the organic refuse without any external heat supply, that is, use is only made of the heat which is generated during the decomposition process and which is retained by the vapourproof, heat-insulating casing 8.
  • a thermophilic zone 12 which, at a distance from the ground 6, passes into a mesophilic zone 14.
  • the ther ⁇ mophilic zone 12 has a temperature of 55-70°C, while the mesophilic zone 14 has a temperature of 35-45°C.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for composting organic refuse, such as garden and domestic refuse. Since the preferred apparatus 20 is similar to the apparatus referred to when describing the inventive method, like parts have like reference numerals.
  • the preferred apparatus 20 has an inner, gas- and liquid-permeable container which here is an open-top wire basket 4.
  • Vertical walls 22, 24 surround the wire basket 4 in spaced-apart relationship thereto.
  • the vertical walls 22 and 24 extend into the ground and up to a level above the top opening of the wire basket.
  • the appa ⁇ ratus 20 is closed by a vapourproof, heat-insulating cover 26, preferably having a convex upper side 28, such that precipitation i the form of rain or snow will drain or slide off the cover, and a concave underside 30, such that water condensed thereon will drain off along it towards the vertical walls and along these down to the condensa ⁇ tion and drainage zone 16 in the ground 6.
  • the cover 28 is openable.
  • the top opening of the wire basket 4 per ⁇ mits placing garden and/or domestic refuse in the wire basket.
  • a suitable volume of the apparatus 20 is 200-300 1.
  • the connection between the cover and the side walls is hermetically sealing to achieve the intended technical effect. Different tech ⁇ niques for achieving this are known in the art and will therefore not be described in more detail here.
  • a netting 34, a grating or the like Between the lower ends, embedded in the ground, of the vertical walls 22, 24, there is disposed a netting 34, a grating or the like, allowing the passage of liquid and gas and also allowing the ingress of worms and certain insects, whereas not of rodents, such as mice and rats.
  • the inventive apparatus may in practice have any desired shape, i.e. the casing can be rectangular, coni ⁇ cal, prismatic or cylindrical. From aesthetic and produc ⁇ tion-engineering points of view, it is however preferred to make the casing and also the wire basket cylindrical, numerals 22 and 24 designating the sectional areas of a single casing.
  • a hole is dug in the ground 6, which, for a cylindrical design of the apparatus, has a diameter exceeding the diameter thereof.
  • An apparatus dimensioned for an average-size household is suitably embedded 100-200 mm below the ground surface, whereby surface water will be prevented from entering the apparatus.
  • the vertical walls consist of a single piece which is bent into a cylindrical shape, whereupon the vertical edges are connected to each other. If required, the resulting joint may also be sealed by welding and/or by means of a sealing compound placed in the joint.
  • a circular net 34 which is con ⁇ nected along its periphery to the lower end 32 of the cas- ing.
  • the apparatus is then filled, depending on the nature of the ground, with the excavated soil or with a mixture of the excavated soil and expanded clay up to a level cor ⁇ responding to the surrounding ground level.
  • the hole is filled also outside the apparatus, and for improved water runoff, the ground surface in the immediate vicinity of the outer walls of the apparatus is given a slight slope with respect to the horizontal plane, such that any sur ⁇ face water will drain off in a direction away from the apparatus.
  • the vapourproof, heat-insulating cover is disposed in a hermetically sealing manner on the top opening of the casing.
  • this is preferably pro ⁇ vided with a closable opening (not shown) which is arranged just above ground level and which through a cor- responding opening 36 in the wire basket provides access to the compost material ready for use.
  • a closable opening (not shown) which is arranged just above ground level and which through a cor- responding opening 36 in the wire basket provides access to the compost material ready for use.
  • the ground surrounding the apparatus is excavated and the con ⁇ nection between the outer casing and the net 34 fixed to the bottom thereof is undone, whereupon the outer casing is lifted to provide access to the compost material.
  • the vapourproof, heat-insulating casing, the wire basket and the net can be made of different suitable mate ⁇ rials.
  • the casing 22, 24, 26 can be designed as a sandwich construction with a vapourproof, corrosion-resistant sur- face layer of e.g. aluminium, combined with a heat-insu ⁇ lating cellular plastic material, such as expanded poly ⁇ ethylene. It is also possible to use other types of expanded plastic with closed cells, forming a hard surface layer in the manufacture. Alternatively, this surface layer may also be reinforced with e.g. glass-fibre-rein ⁇ forced polyester. In an apparatus dimensioned for an average-size household, the thickness of the insulating material is 10-100 mm, preferably 20-50 mm.
  • the wire basket and the net arranged at the bottom of the apparatus are preferably made of a corrosion-resistant material, such as galvanised iron, stainless steel, aluminium or the like.
  • the invention thus provides a method and an apparatus for composting organic refuse, such as garden and domestic refuse, which by an adiabatic decomposition process in which additional heat energy need not be supplied thanks to the use of internally generated heat, requires minimum attendance and maintenance.
  • organic refuse such as garden and domestic refuse
  • the apparatus of the invention further pre ⁇ vents the ingress of vermin, such as rats, whereas worms and insects participating in the decomposition process and spreading the compost material, will have access to the interior of the apparatus through the net disposed at the bottom thereof.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour faire du compost avec des déchets renfermant des déchets domestiques d'origine animale, en n'utilisant que la chaleur produite au cours du processus de décomposition. L'appareil comprend une enceinte à isolation thermique et étanche aux gaz (22, 24, 26). En outre, il est prévu une zone de drainage et de condensation (16) à travers laquelle l'oxygène est transporté jusqu'aux déchets, sous l'effet d'une différence de pression produite entre l'intérieur de l'enceinte et l'atmosphère ambiante, et vers laquelle sont conduits les liquides et le gaz issus de la réaction, produits pendant le processus de décomposition.
EP91903059A 1990-01-15 1990-12-27 Procede et appareil pour faire du compost avec des dechets organiques Withdrawn EP0511280A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9000118A SE465623B (sv) 1990-01-15 1990-01-15 Foerfarande och anordning foer kompostering av organiskt avfall
SE9000118 1990-01-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0511280A1 true EP0511280A1 (fr) 1992-11-04

Family

ID=20378231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91903059A Withdrawn EP0511280A1 (fr) 1990-01-15 1990-12-27 Procede et appareil pour faire du compost avec des dechets organiques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0511280A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05503497A (fr)
KR (1) KR920703481A (fr)
AU (1) AU7180891A (fr)
CA (1) CA2073348A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI923120L (fr)
SE (1) SE465623B (fr)
WO (1) WO1991010631A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT401213B (de) * 1992-03-11 1996-07-25 Berger Josef Verfahren zur beeinflussung des verlaufes von unter wärmeentwicklung stattfindenden abbau- und umwandlungsprozessen bei der lagerung bzw. trocknung von grünanteile enthaltenden biologischen substanzen
DK170211B1 (da) * 1992-08-18 1995-06-19 Joergen Fischer Kompostbeholder
NZ255960A (en) * 1992-09-14 1997-08-22 Dowmus Pty Ltd Disposal and treatment of domestic organic waste and production of compost from same
GB9224458D0 (en) * 1992-11-23 1993-01-13 Baker Hugh G Worm composter
EP0701542A1 (fr) * 1993-02-17 1996-03-20 Butterfly's Pty Limited Procede et appareil de traitement de matiere organique
DE4306434A1 (de) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-08 Schaefer Gmbh Fritz Kompostierungskammer für biologisch abbaubare Haus- und Gartenabfälle
AUPP754398A0 (en) 1998-12-04 1999-01-07 Morrison, Michael Method and apparatus for compsting
AUPQ446099A0 (en) * 1999-12-03 2000-01-06 Morrison, Michael Method and apparatus for compositing
US9822043B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-11-21 Kevin Gunn Liquid fertilizer system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH589014A5 (fr) * 1974-05-15 1977-06-30 Guetlin Hermann
AT358606B (de) * 1978-06-02 1980-09-25 Wiener Brueckenbau Anlage zum kompostieren von abfallstoffen
DE3019253C2 (de) * 1980-05-20 1982-08-26 Erich 9442 Berneck St. Gallen Döring Gartenkomposter
DE3217725C1 (de) * 1982-05-11 1983-04-21 Erich 9442 Berneck St. Gallen Döring Doppelmantel-Komposter
DE3430761C1 (de) * 1984-08-21 1986-01-23 Erich Berneck St. Gallen Döring Pyramidenstumpfförmiger Komposter
DE3736889A1 (de) * 1986-10-31 1988-06-01 Juergen Philipp Verfahren zum aufbereiten von organischen abfaellen durch verrottung
DE3802499A1 (de) * 1987-05-19 1988-12-01 Georg Neumann Vorrichtung zum kompostieren organischer abfaelle

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9110631A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI923120A0 (fi) 1992-07-07
SE9000118D0 (sv) 1990-01-15
WO1991010631A1 (fr) 1991-07-25
CA2073348A1 (fr) 1991-07-16
SE465623B (sv) 1991-10-07
SE9000118L (sv) 1991-07-16
FI923120A7 (fi) 1992-07-07
KR920703481A (ko) 1992-12-18
FI923120L (fi) 1992-07-07
JPH05503497A (ja) 1993-06-10
AU7180891A (en) 1991-08-05

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