EP0528073A1 - Dosiervorrichtung für einen Toiletten-Wasserkasten - Google Patents

Dosiervorrichtung für einen Toiletten-Wasserkasten Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0528073A1
EP0528073A1 EP91201164A EP91201164A EP0528073A1 EP 0528073 A1 EP0528073 A1 EP 0528073A1 EP 91201164 A EP91201164 A EP 91201164A EP 91201164 A EP91201164 A EP 91201164A EP 0528073 A1 EP0528073 A1 EP 0528073A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
housing
dispensing device
cistern
cartridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91201164A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0528073B1 (de
Inventor
Victor Edward Wilson
Lionel Albert Woolford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sara Lee DE NV
Original Assignee
Sara Lee DE NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sara Lee DE NV filed Critical Sara Lee DE NV
Publication of EP0528073A1 publication Critical patent/EP0528073A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0528073B1 publication Critical patent/EP0528073B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00—Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • E03D9/02—Devices adding a disinfecting, deodorising, or cleaning agent to the water while flushing
    • E03D9/03—Devices adding a disinfecting, deodorising, or cleaning agent to the water while flushing consisting of a separate container with an outlet through which the agent is introduced into the flushing water, e.g. by suction ; Devices for agents in direct contact with flushing water
    • E03D9/033—Devices placed inside or dispensing into the cistern
    • E03D9/038—Passive dispensers, i.e. without moving parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00—Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • E03D9/02—Devices adding a disinfecting, deodorising, or cleaning agent to the water while flushing
    • E03D2009/024—Devices adding a disinfecting, deodorising, or cleaning agent to the water while flushing using a solid substance

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved dispensing device for use in the cistern of a toilet system, wherein the device incorporates a chemical additive, such as a disinfecting and/or deodorising compound, which is arranged to disperse in water present in the device so that water containing the compound is delivered automatically to the toilet bowl when the cistern is emptied.
  • a chemical additive such as a disinfecting and/or deodorising compound
  • the water treatment material means comprises a removable cartridge having a tubular side wall having a plurality of apertures formed therein, said apertures being spaced along the length of the side wall, a closed bottom wall and an open upper end, the interior of the cartridge being filled (or nearly so) with solid water treatment material, said side wall being spaced from the inner walls of the container or housing so as to form said water flow path means.
  • the lower end of the drain tube connects to the reservoir means via an opening in the side wall of the housing, said opening being spaced a small distance, e.g. 5mm above the bottom wall of the housing.
  • the reservoir means is formed by a space between the cartridge bottom wall and the housing bottom wall so as to permit water to flow freely from the housing into the discharge tube or vice versa.
  • the discharge tube extends upwardly by a distance which is slightly less than half the overall height of the housing or container.
  • the tube may be provided with a flow restrictor in its outlet end for reducing the flow rate of treated water from the device, and in turn the rate of release of the water treatment material.
  • the height of the discharge tube is a factor which determines the volume of water discharged from the device, and that a reservoir of water containing water treatment material, will always be stored within the device, i.e. it never drains completely.
  • the device In use, the device is partially immersed in the cistern water to a depth just below the upper end of the housing, whereupon water enters the chamber from the reservoir means, via the discharge tube, and a head of water is formed in the cartridge above the upper level of the water treatment material, which then becomes dispersed or dissolved in the water. Some of the dissolved material will diffuse into the water of the reservoir means ready for discharge into the cistern.
  • treated water will be dispensed into the cistern once the level of water in the cistern falls, and such discharge will continue until the level of the water in the chamber drops to the level of the upper end of the discharge tube. A reservoir of treated water thus remains in the reservoir means ready for the next flush.
  • the water within the dispenser is maintained in a relatively quiet state which minimises the loss of water treatment material particularly when the toilet is not in use (i.e. during quiescent periods).
  • the water within the device contacts substantially only the upper surface of the water treatment material, whereby the rate of release of the material is very much controlled during the flushing/refilling cistern cycles and this significantly extends the working life of the dispensing device (without having to replace the water treatment material), and avoids any problems which normally arise owing to excessive discharge of such material during flushing, e.g. unsightly stains within the toilet bowl.
  • the water treatment material may be a solid block, and compositions for same are well known in the art.
  • the composition can contain components for controlling the rate of release of the "active" material into the water.
  • the material is contained in disposable cartridges, or in a protective wrapping which dissolves in water. Refills can thus be simply inserted in the device without having to remove it from the cistern.
  • a toilet cistern dispensing device 10 comprises a hollow cylindrical container or housing 11 having a tubular side wall 12 defining a chamber 14, a closed bottom wall 13 and an open top, and a removable cylindrical cartridge 15 slidably located within the chamber 14, the housing 11 and cartridge 15 being dimensioned so that with the cartridge 15 housed in the chamber 14, a small annular clearance 17 exists between the side walls thereof.
  • the housing 11 is formed of water impervious plastics material, and has attached to its side wall a hanger strap 18, for hookingly attaching the housing 11 to a side wall of the toilet cistern 19, or to the inlet tube 20 of the cistern 19, the positioning of the housing 11 being selected so that when the cistern 19 is filled with water, the housing 11 projects slightly above the level of the water in the cistern (refer Fig. 1).
  • the container 11 is provided with an upwardly extending discharge tube 21 which in this embodiment, has its lower end connected to an aperture 22 in the side wall 12 of the container 11 near to its bottom wall 13, the tube 21 extending approximately parallel to the side wall 12 of the container 11 exteriorly thereof and contiguous therewith.
  • the tube 21 terminates at its upper end at a level which is slightly below the mid-region of the container 11.
  • the removable cartridge 15 comprises a cup-shaped outer casing 25 of plastics material, the diameter of which is slightly less than the diameter of the cylindrical housing 11, the tubular side wall of the casing 25 having a plurality of axially spaced, horizontal rows of apertures 27 formed therein, the apertures 27 in each row being spaced circumferentially around the casing 25, the apertures 27 in each adjacent row being in staggered relationship.
  • the bottom wall 28 of the casing 25 is closed and sits on top of a support ring 30.
  • the cartridge 15 is thereby supported clear of the bottom wall 13 of the container 11, and above the lower end of the tube 21.
  • the space 31 forms a reservoir for water which enters the housing 11 through the tube 21.
  • the ring 30 is provided with openings 32 in its side wall to permit water to flow freely through the reservoir 31 into the tube 21 and vice versa.
  • Water treatment material 34 containing cleansing, colouring, disinfecting and/or perfumed agents, is contained in the cartridge 15, to a level below the upper end of the casing 25, so that a space is formed above the material 34 in the casing 25 and which forms a well in which water can collect. In this initial state, only a small number of the apertures 27 in the outer casing side wall 25 are "open” or "exposed".
  • the material is in solid or paste form and fills the interior of the cartridge 15 so that essentially only its upper surface makes effective contact with water, the apertures 27 being sufficiently small so that the contact between the water and the material 34 by virtue of the holes 27, does not have any significant effect on the dissolving or dispersion of the material 34.
  • the material is desirably formulated so that it slowly dissolves in water, the pattern of holes 27 being effective to ensure that the material 34 is consumed evenly, so that its upper surface slowly drops substantially horizontally.
  • the upper end of the cartridge 15 is provided with a tab 35 which serves as a handle for manually grasping the cartridge 15 to facilitate its insertion and withdrawal from the housing 11, e.g. when a replacement cartridge 15 needs to be fitted, without having to remove the device in its entirety.
  • the dispensing device 10 is suspended in the tank of the toilet cistern 19, for example by simply engaging its hanger strap 18 over the side wall of the cistern 19, the housing 11 being located so that it is immersed over the majority of its length.
  • water enters the housing 11 via the tube 21 and flows upwardly through the gap between the housing side wall 12 and the cartridge side wall 25, and into the interior of the cartridge 15 via the "exposed" apertures 27, whereupon it comes in contact with the exposed upper surface of the water treatment material 34, the water within the device 10 continuing to rise up to the level of the water in the cistern tank 19.
  • the upper end of the casing 25 is provided with out-turned tabs 36 which engage the inner wall of the housing 11. This minimises the likelihood of blockages forming in the flow path between the housing wall 12 and the casing side wall, e.g. caused by build-up of particles from the material 34. Any other form of spacer means so as to centralise the cartridge within the housing may be employed.
  • the tube or conduit 21 may be formed to have an horizontal leg portion which projects into the bottom region of the housing 11 and serves as a support member for the cartridge 15 (in lieu of the ring 30).
  • the horizontal leg portion is preferably formed with holes in its wall to assist water flow into the tube.
  • the chamber 14 for receiving the cartridge 15 can be separated from the walls defining the reservoir 31, whilst in yet a further variation, the tube 21 can be formed as an integral part of the wall of the housing (so as to define a passageway) rather than as a separate element.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
  • Toilet Supplies (AREA)
EP91201164A 1989-11-30 1991-05-15 Dosiervorrichtung für einen Toiletten-Wasserkasten Expired - Lifetime EP0528073B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ764789 1989-11-30
AU66721/90A AU621010B2 (en) 1989-11-30 1990-11-19 A dispensing device for a toilet cistern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0528073A1 true EP0528073A1 (de) 1993-02-24
EP0528073B1 EP0528073B1 (de) 1994-09-28

Family

ID=25635197

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91201164A Expired - Lifetime EP0528073B1 (de) 1989-11-30 1991-05-15 Dosiervorrichtung für einen Toiletten-Wasserkasten

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0528073B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE112349T1 (de)
AU (1) AU621010B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69104355T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0528073T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2064883T3 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996027714A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-12 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Passive lavatory cleanser dispensing system
US8032953B2 (en) 2003-06-16 2011-10-11 Jeyes Group Limited Liquid dispensing device
EP2886728A1 (de) 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Manuel Losada Campos Ein zisternen mit einem produktspender
CN109431347A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-08 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 一种缓释机构和浴缸

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0626026A1 (de) * 1992-02-13 1994-11-30 Neta-Brymac (N.S.W.) Pty. Limited Spender in einem korb für ein wc
AU660525B2 (en) * 1992-02-13 1995-06-29 Neta-Brymac (N.S.W.) Pty Limited Toilet cage dispenser

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2067409A (en) * 1980-01-15 1981-07-30 Twinoak Products Inc Improved system for toilet bowl cleaning
GB2098253A (en) * 1981-05-08 1982-11-17 Oreal Disinfecting water closet pans
EP0140692A2 (de) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-08 Unilever Plc Abgabevorrichtung für Klosettspülkasten
EP0168075A1 (de) * 1984-06-08 1986-01-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Passiver Dosierverteiler, bei dem eine intern erzeugte eingeschlossene Gasblase einen Produktabschluss bewirkt
EP0180451A2 (de) * 1984-11-01 1986-05-07 Brookline Delta Limited Dosiervorrichtung für lösliches Material
FR2589498A1 (fr) * 1985-11-05 1987-05-07 Oreal Dispositif pour la distribution de produits hydrosolubles dans une chasse d'eau

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7836081A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-06-17 American Cyanamid Company Releasing additive into water tank and bowl
NZ205595A (en) * 1982-09-17 1987-06-30 Reckitt & Colmann Prod Ltd Dispensing device for suspension in toilet cistern

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2067409A (en) * 1980-01-15 1981-07-30 Twinoak Products Inc Improved system for toilet bowl cleaning
GB2098253A (en) * 1981-05-08 1982-11-17 Oreal Disinfecting water closet pans
EP0140692A2 (de) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-08 Unilever Plc Abgabevorrichtung für Klosettspülkasten
EP0168075A1 (de) * 1984-06-08 1986-01-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Passiver Dosierverteiler, bei dem eine intern erzeugte eingeschlossene Gasblase einen Produktabschluss bewirkt
EP0180451A2 (de) * 1984-11-01 1986-05-07 Brookline Delta Limited Dosiervorrichtung für lösliches Material
FR2589498A1 (fr) * 1985-11-05 1987-05-07 Oreal Dispositif pour la distribution de produits hydrosolubles dans une chasse d'eau

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996027714A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-12 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Passive lavatory cleanser dispensing system
AU693324B2 (en) * 1995-03-03 1998-06-25 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Passive lavatory cleanser dispensing system
US8032953B2 (en) 2003-06-16 2011-10-11 Jeyes Group Limited Liquid dispensing device
EP2886728A1 (de) 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Manuel Losada Campos Ein zisternen mit einem produktspender
CN109431347A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-08 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 一种缓释机构和浴缸
CN109431347B (zh) * 2018-12-14 2024-02-06 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 一种缓释机构和浴缸

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6672190A (en) 1991-06-06
ES2064883T3 (es) 1995-02-01
DK0528073T3 (da) 1994-10-24
DE69104355D1 (de) 1994-11-03
EP0528073B1 (de) 1994-09-28
ATE112349T1 (de) 1994-10-15
AU621010B2 (en) 1992-02-27
DE69104355T2 (de) 1995-02-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5774903A (en) Device for dispensing a chemical composition into a toilet tank
RU2494197C2 (ru) Устройство для выделения, по меньшей мере, одного флюида активного вещества в промывочную воду унитаза, а также для ароматизации окружающей среды
US3290698A (en) Bathroom deodorizer
WO2002064898A1 (en) Lavatory cleansing devices
SK159497A3 (en) Wc holder for liquid or paste active agent preparations
US4534071A (en) Automatic dispenser for disinfectant and bowl cleaning fluid
CA1191653A (en) Method and apparatus for cleansing and disinfecting toilet tanks and bowls
CA2689911C (en) Chemical used in chemical solution distributing apparatus
US7073209B1 (en) Passive sanitizing-tablet dispensing device
EP1046756A1 (de) Automatischer Spender, insbesondere für Reinigungs- und Duftflüssigkeit in Toilettenschüsseln
EP0528073B1 (de) Dosiervorrichtung für einen Toiletten-Wasserkasten
JP3104910U (ja) 溶液排出器
RU2314391C2 (ru) Дозирующее устройство для жидкого активного вещества для унитаза
US20180305913A1 (en) Tablet Diffusing Device
CA2043333A1 (en) Dispensing device for a toilet cistern
US3445865A (en) Combined ashtray and deodorant container
NZ238201A (en) Dispenser for releasing treatment material into toilet cistern
EP3290602A1 (de) Toilettenkorb mit reinwassertank zum abspülen der wirkstoffzubereitung
EP1386040A1 (de) Abwärtshub-spender
GB2349157A (en) Apparatus for dosing an active agent into the flush water of a toilet
JP3775507B2 (ja) 水洗トイレ用薬剤供給具
EP0086857A1 (de) Verteilerpackung für die selbsttätige Abgabe einer bestimmten Menge eines gelösten Wirkmittels in den Spülkasten und das Toilettenbecken
HRP20050264A2 (en) Multiple liquid active substance dispenser for w.c.bowl
EP0109151B1 (de) Verteilvorrichtung
JP2605312Y2 (ja) 水洗トイレ用芳香洗浄剤、その溶出調節容器及び芳香洗浄剤供給装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920514

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19940928

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 112349

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19941015

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69104355

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19941103

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3013465

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 91201164.0

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2064883

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19980506

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19980514

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19980518

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 19980522

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19980528

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 19980529

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19980531

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19980531

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19980602

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19980611

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19980713

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990515

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990515

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990515

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19990517

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990531

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990531

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990531

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19991201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19990515

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 91201164.0

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000131

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19991201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000301

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20020204

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050515