EP0566084B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de panneaux composites avec plaque de pierre - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de panneaux composites avec plaque de pierre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0566084B1
EP0566084B1 EP93106057A EP93106057A EP0566084B1 EP 0566084 B1 EP0566084 B1 EP 0566084B1 EP 93106057 A EP93106057 A EP 93106057A EP 93106057 A EP93106057 A EP 93106057A EP 0566084 B1 EP0566084 B1 EP 0566084B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
natural
stone slab
frame
moulding
slab
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93106057A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0566084A1 (fr
Inventor
Gottfried Keller
Heinz Baumgartner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwenk Zement GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schwenk E Baustoffwerke KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19924212702 external-priority patent/DE4212702A1/de
Priority claimed from DE9211189U external-priority patent/DE9211189U1/de
Application filed by Schwenk E Baustoffwerke KG filed Critical Schwenk E Baustoffwerke KG
Publication of EP0566084A1 publication Critical patent/EP0566084A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0566084B1 publication Critical patent/EP0566084B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
    • B28B19/0061—Means for arranging or fixing the tiles, bricks or the like in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
    • B28B19/0061—Means for arranging or fixing the tiles, bricks or the like in the mould
    • B28B19/0084—Means for arranging or fixing the tiles, bricks or the like in the mould using pressurized elements for fixing the tiles, bricks or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a method and an apparatus for producing stone composite panels.
  • the invention relates in particular to a process for the production of composite stone slabs each consisting of a lower base layer made of concrete in the use position and an upper natural stone slab which are intimately connected, in which the natural stone slab which is turned upside down is placed on a support surface and with a Form frame is sealed, and then placed in the mold frame concrete and this is compressed by means of a stamp and by shaking and finally the stone composite panel is separated from the mold frame.
  • Such stone composite panels are required, for example, where a natural stone floor covering is exposed to particularly high weight loads due to vehicles or for other reasons.
  • the concrete base layer gives the natural stone the required breaking strength and its material value is much cheaper than natural stone.
  • composite stones of this type have been used so far, they were made entirely by hand. As a result, the saving effect of using the less expensive material concrete was practically negligible. In many cases, the connection between concrete and natural stone was also poor, which should not infrequently be due to inadequate compaction of the concrete.
  • NL-A-9 002 896 discloses a method and a device for producing composite panels, each consisting of a lower one in the position of use Base layer made of concrete and an upper cladding plate made of a ceramic material, which are intimately connected.
  • the facing panel facing downwards is introduced from above into a mold frame and placed on a support surface so that it is sealed by the mold frame.
  • Fresh concrete is then introduced into the mold frame from above and compacted by means of a stamp and by shaking. Finally, the finished composite panel is removed from the mold frame.
  • FR-A-1 143 554 discloses a method and an apparatus for covering a prefabricated cuboid element.
  • the prefabricated element is inserted from below into a fixed, rectangular centering frame with a lifting table.
  • the centering frame is provided with a circumferential groove in which an inflatable tube is inserted.
  • the tube is inflated to center the element with respect to the centering frame. This should also ensure that the element is centered with respect to a panel inserted in the centering frame.
  • a press plate connected to a vibrator is lowered and brought into contact with the top of the panel. Due to the pressure applied in connection with the vibrations, the cladding is connected to the prefabricated element.
  • the hose is then vented and the element, together with the panel attached to it, is pulled out of the centering frame by lowering the lifting table.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a usable mechanical method for producing stone composite panels, natural stone panels with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm and an area of e.g. 0.5 m2 should be assumed.
  • the concrete base layer can be 10 to 15 cm thick.
  • the mold frame serves as a transporter to deliver the natural stone slab from the support surface and to the vibrating table, and to lift the finished dressing slab from the vibrating table and place it on the support surface after the concrete has been applied and compacted.
  • a device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention is specified in claim 12.
  • the molding frame initially slides over the natural stone slab to enclose and hold it, it is important to avoid damage to the natural stone slab. Even a slight lateral offset or a twisting of the plate relative to the frame can lead to a hard impact and breakage of the natural stone plate if the mold frame moves down very quickly.
  • the natural stone slab be precisely and locally aligned with the projection of the mold frame by means of a centering device by moving it on its base before it is received in the mold frame. To do this, the centering device must first be brought to the natural stone slab. Movable straightening members of the device then move at least two intersecting edges of the natural stone slab against corresponding stop bars. Then the directors release the plate again and finally the whole centering device is moved back into a rest position.
  • Another type of alignment or centering of the natural stone slab on its base can advantageously already take place when it is placed on it, if this is done with the aid of a gripper, in particular a suction head. It is proposed to arrange a funnel-shaped guide shaft, the lower mouth of which corresponds almost exactly to the plate outline and is only slightly higher than the natural stone plate above the support surface. The natural stone slab is then lowered on the gripper, which can move freely in the horizontal direction, down through the shaft and aligns itself automatically.
  • the alignment problem can finally also be solved by the fact that the mold frame can be automatically adjusted to different plate formats, for example with the aid of hydraulic cylinders or the like.
  • Such a form frame is first set to plate oversize and lowered so far that it surrounds the natural stone plate. This enables a desired, relatively large alignment tolerance when depositing the plates.
  • the frame is tightened until its frame parts line up with the side surfaces of the natural stone slab and this is aligned.
  • a simple way of practicing the proposed method is to include a molding machine that can be moved on a track to use a vibrating table that can be moved horizontally back and forth in the machine.
  • This type of machine is also used as a multi-layer paver, for example for concrete paving stones.
  • the input of the natural stone slabs and output of the composite slabs can be done by hand.
  • the natural stone slabs in the mold frame corresponding arrangements are designed with equal distances in the track of the mold frame on the floor, that the molding machine moves forward in accordance with these distances and that during each stop on the one hand the natural stone slabs of an arrangement by means of the mold frame are included with provided the concrete layers and placed on the floor as finished composite panels and that, on the other hand, the natural stone panels of a following arrangement are aligned by means of a centering device on the relevant projection of the mold frame.
  • the following variant represents, as it were, the kinematic reversal of the floor production.
  • the same molding machine can be used, also with a vibrating table that can be moved horizontally back and forth.
  • this machine is arranged in a stationary manner, namely at a certain height on a pedestal and a horizontal conveyor runs under the machine. This is moving also gradually at equal intervals and supports the individually designed natural stone slabs.
  • the form frame lifts the natural stone slabs away from the conveyor level on the vibrating table and after the concrete layer has been applied, the composite slab is put back on the conveyor and shaped in the process.
  • the composite panels must then be removed from the horizontal conveyor for further processing and setting, for which purpose a gripper can preferably be used, which clamps the natural stone panel in question on two opposite side surfaces and can thereby carry it.
  • a concrete strengthener, adhesive or adhesive is applied to the natural stone surface. It is particularly expedient to automatically wash the individually designed natural stone slabs before coating them with concrete on their underside facing upwards and then also to coat them automatically with the relevant adhesive, in particular a concrete adhesive.
  • the mold frame shown in FIG. 1 has two chambers. It consists of four outer walls 1, a support flange 2 being attached to each of two opposite walls. The chambers are separated from each other by a somewhat thicker partition 3 and each take on a square natural stone slab 4, which are 60 cm wide and 4 cm thick.
  • Fig. 1 shows the situation at the end of the compression phase. On the natural stone slab, the visible side of which is turned downwards, there is an approximately 12 cm thick base layer 5 made of concrete.
  • the stamping plates 6 fitting into the molding chambers, the load of which is not shown, can, as is customary in concrete molding machines, be moved in height independently of the molding frame.
  • Each natural stone slab 4 is enclosed by a sealing tube 7.
  • a sealing tube 7 In this example, it is a simple, cross-sectionally round tube according to FIG. 4, FIG. 2a showing this tube under high internal pressure, which deforms it accordingly.
  • the hose is composed of four miter cut and vulcanized sections.
  • a connecting hose 8 branches off from the hose ring and is guided on one side facing away from the natural stone plate 4 through one of the outer walls 1 (not shown).
  • the molding chambers In its upper section, in which the stamp 6 runs and concrete is filled and compacted, the molding chambers have a clear width which corresponds exactly to the width of the natural stone slab 4. Starting a little above the natural stone slab, the molding chamber widens over an inclined shoulder 9 and forms an approximately 2.5 mm wide gap 10 with the side surfaces of the natural stone slab 4. The recessed flat surface section 11 at the lower end of the outer wall 1 goes into an inclined surface 12 below which, in the event of an inaccurate centering of the natural stone slab, is to prevent its damage when the mold frame is lowered.
  • the outer wall 1 has an essentially rectangular groove 13, the upper side wall of which is approximately at the same height as the upper surface of the natural stone slab according to FIG. 2.
  • the groove is for opening, i.e. H. narrowed towards the natural stone slab by two bead-like arched projections 14 on the groove side walls.
  • the natural stone slab 4 has a chamfer 15 on its upper edges.
  • the natural stone slab 4 is thus on all sides a distance from the outer wall 1, so that it can not be damaged when shaken.
  • the all around uniform width of the gap 10 is also important because the side surfaces of the base layer 5 must form a common plane with the side surfaces of the natural stone slab 4. This also causes the hose 7 which can be acted upon by air pressure. It seals the gap 10 all around and presses so hard on the side surfaces of the natural stone slab 4 that it does not slip down when the mold frame is lifted, not even when concrete is already in the Mold chamber is filled and compressed. However, some of the concrete weight is carried by friction on the outer walls of the mold.
  • the rubber hose at Form that the concrete slurry, which has entered the niche between the shoulder 9 and the hose 7 when shaken, is pushed up and distributed so that the finished composite panel with smooth side walls.
  • the air pressure in the hose 7 is reduced to such an extent that the hose can fulfill the function of a wiping lip.
  • the complete removal of the air pressure has the consequence that the hose 7 due to the beads 14 completely returns to the groove 13.
  • the tube groove 13a has a slightly different cross-sectional shape than in the first exemplary embodiment. It is rounded at the bottom of the groove.
  • Another rectangular groove parallel to it is provided above the hose groove, into which a shock protection strip 45 made of rubber or a suitable plastic is inserted. This groove lies at the transition point between the upper section and the lower, recessed section of the inner wall surface.
  • the impact protection strip 45 is set back somewhat further than the upper section and protrudes beyond the lower section.
  • the natural stone slab 4a used here has no bevel on the transition edge between its surface 46 and its side surface. The upper edge of the impact protection strip 45 lies above this surface 46 and the lower edge lies below this surface 46 of the natural stone slab.
  • FIG. 5 shows another hose cross section which is intended for a groove with flat side walls and which accordingly has flat flanks 16 and a flat pressure surface 17. Wedge-shaped sealing lips 18 are formed on this in the manner of an adhesive suction cup.
  • molded gripping and sealing strip 19 differs from the previous one by a smaller oval cavity and by an almost rectangular solid profile section, the can also be referred to as a molded gripping and sealing strip 19.
  • the associated groove shape is also shown in FIG. 7.
  • What is essential here is a T-shaped profile projection 20 on the back, which engages in a corresponding shape of the groove base and thus holds the otherwise round tube in the groove, which widens towards the groove opening. If the hose is pressurized, it fills the groove and extends beyond it over a relatively large width, which is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • a molding machine 21 is shown schematically in FIGS. 8 and 9, which can move on rails 23 with its wheels 22.
  • the floor surface between the rails is a flat surface, for example a smooth concrete line, and maintains a constant distance from the rail surface.
  • the machine has columnar vertical guides 24, on which a stamp bear 25 and the mold frame 26 shown in FIG. 1 can be moved up and down independently of one another.
  • the mold frame is filled from a storage silo 27 for the concrete mixture used by means of a horizontally movable filling box 28.
  • Horizontal guides 29 make it possible to move a vibrating table from a working position in the area of the vertical guides to the right into a rest position, so that the mold frame 26 and the stamp bear 25 can be moved all the way down, so that the mold frame stands on the floor.
  • index cams 30 are attached to a rail, which form-fit on the machine frame with a suitable gripping device fit together and thereby firmly connect the machine moving progressively from one index cam to the other at every stop with the running rail, so that the step size can be maintained with the highest precision.
  • the natural stone slabs 4 are deposited by hand and with only imprecise visual aids.
  • a plastic film can be underlaid to protect the ground plate surface. So that the form frame can grasp the plate pairs precisely, they have to be aligned by machine, for which purpose a centering device 31 is provided in the example. It is articulated on the front of the molding machine so as to be pivotable upwards about a horizontal axis 32. It bears against a stop 33 in the swung-up rest position.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 Details of the centering device are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the frame cross leg facing away from the molding machine 21 carries a stop bar 36 which is at the bottom while on two cross struts is attached to the first vertical stop bar 37 pointing in the direction of travel.
  • bearing eyes 38 are arranged in pairs, which carry swivel frames 39. With their buffers 40 and their pneumatic drive cylinders 41, these swivel frames form the aforementioned straightening members. 10 shows such a straightening member on the left side in the swung-out position.
  • the manufacturing process in connection with the described device proceeds as follows:
  • the molding machine shown is located at one of the preselectable stops in contact with one of the index cams 30.
  • two natural stone slabs 4 are located exactly below the molding frame 26.
  • the next two pairs of slabs following are also below the Molding machine and are already centered.
  • the next following pair of plates, however, is outside the base of the machine but in the area of influence of the centering device 31.
  • the form frame moves down and encloses the two natural stone slabs.
  • the two hoses 7 are now pressurized and then the mold frame with the plates moves up.
  • the vibrating table is moved to the left and the mold frame lowers on it.
  • the air pressure is briefly reduced so that the natural stone slabs fit the vibrating table level.
  • the air pressure in the hoses is increased again, so that the mold frame is sealed and the plates are held in the middle of their mold chambers.
  • the mold frame is filled with a concrete mixture by driving over it with the filling box 28 and thereby vibrated in between.
  • the stamps are lowered and the final compaction is carried out by means of the vibrating table and the vibrators of the stamp load.
  • the mold frame lifts up a little together with the natural stone slabs, the compacted concrete filling and the stamps, so that the vibrating table can move to the side.
  • the aforementioned arrangement moves downwards until the mold frame 26 stands on the floor.
  • shaping for which the air pressure in the tubes 7 is reduced a little and only the mold frame 26 is first raised.
  • the semi-limp hoses smooth the side walls of the concrete base course.
  • the stamp bear 25 is also taken into the upper rest position.
  • centering occurs during or after this molding process, but while the machine frame is still stationary.
  • the centering device 31 is folded down so that two natural stone slabs are located under the rectangular frame 34 and roughly in the areas between the stop bars 36 and 37 and the directional members 39, 40.
  • the pneumatic drive cylinder 41 actuates the latter, with the result that the buffers 40 move the natural stone slabs and bring them against the stop bars 36 and 37.
  • the plates are now precisely aligned.
  • the straightening organs are withdrawn and the entire centering device is pivoted up into its rest position. Since the pivot axis 32 is higher than the plates, the stop bar 36 immediately moves away from the plates, while the buffers no longer touch the plates when the device is pivoted up.
  • the molding machine advances another step x.
  • the mold frame 26 can now accommodate another centered pair of plates.
  • the finished composite panels 42 remain on the floor behind the molding machine 21.
  • the longitudinal distance of the mold frame from the centering frame is three times the increment x, so that a certain centered pair of plates is picked up by the mold frame after three forward steps.
  • the system shown in FIG. 12 contains the same multi-layer paver machine as the molding machine 21a, as is also shown in the example according to FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the molding machine 21a is, however, stationary on approximately 60 cm high column feet 50 and is also arranged upside down.
  • a horizontal conveyor consisting of an endless chain 51 guided over two deflection rollers, not shown, moves under this molding machine.
  • the chain is connected at intervals x supporting plates 52 made of steel in such a way that they can be deflected with the chain at the ends, in the conveying plane however, are guided exactly horizontally, with the aid of support rollers or the like ensuring that the support plates 52 can also be loaded with a sufficiently high weight.
  • the conveyor moves gradually with the interposition of stopping times so that the support plates 52 are always in the same place below the centering device 31, come to a standstill below the mold frame 26, etc.
  • the direction of conveyance runs from left to right according to the arrows indicated.
  • a molding and coating station 53 is connected upstream of the molding machine 21. It comprises a portal frame 54 bridging the conveyor, on the carrier rail extending in the conveying direction a trolley 55 can move.
  • the trolley carries a vertically telescopic suction head 56 and a coating roller 57, which is also attached to a vertically telescopic handle.
  • a stack 58 of delivered natural stone slabs is on a storage table 59.
  • To the right of the centering device 31 is a trough 60 containing concrete adhesive.
  • a gripper station 61 is also indicated on the outlet side to the right of the molding machine 21a, which serves to laterally remove the finished composite panels from the conveyor and to feed them for further processing and determination.
  • the gripper used here is designed so that it grips the respective natural stone slab of the composite slab on two opposite side surfaces.
  • the working procedure for this system is as follows: During a downtime, the suction head 56 detects the uppermost natural stone slab of the stack 58. The trolley 55 then moves so far to the right that the suction head can place the detected natural stone slab on the corresponding support plate 52 of the conveyor. During this time, the coating roller 57 picks up concrete glue from the trough 60. Then the trolley 55 again moves a little to the left and the coating roller 57 moves down and carries out the coating process. In the next station, the natural stone slab 4 prepared in this way is aligned by means of the centering device 31. In the next station, the natural stone slab comes to rest under the mold frame 26.
  • the machine carries out its work cycle as described in the previous exemplary embodiment, ie the molding frame picks up the natural stone slab and then places the finished composite slab on the same support plate 52 again.
  • the composite plate is removed from the conveyor in the gripper station 61. Additional auxiliary stations can be switched on as required. So it is z. B. expedient to wash the surface of the natural stone slab before applying the concrete adhesive. Even after the composite panel has been completed, it may be necessary to automatically clean the side surfaces of the natural stone panel by scraping or washing residues of adhesive.
  • the system according to FIG. 12 can, as shown in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 and 9, be designed for the production of two plates lying next to one another or also for individual production.
  • the system for the automated production of multilayer boards shown in FIG. 13 comprises an elongated working platform 110 on which a rail track 112 is arranged.
  • a laying carriage 114 and a production carriage 116 are movably mounted on this rail track 112.
  • the laying carriage 114 carries two stacks of natural stone plates 118 arranged side by side, which form the cladding plate of a multilayer plate.
  • the natural stone slabs 118 are stacked with their processed front facing downward.
  • the laying carriage 114 also carries a storage container 120 for a cement adhesive.
  • An overhead rail 122, on which a trolley 124 is suspended, is supported on the laying carriage 114.
  • the trolley 124 carries an application device 126, for example a rotating roller, which can be immersed in the storage container 120 for the cement adhesive.
  • the trolley 124 also carries a storage device 128 formed by a suction head. The end positions of the trolley 124 are determined by limit switches (not shown).
  • an alignment frame 130 is pivotably articulated.
  • This alignment frame 130 has a plurality of frame legs, which can be brought to bear on the side surfaces of two deposited square natural stone plates 118.
  • Some of the frame legs of the alignment frame 130 are powered (not shown), e.g. Pneumatic cylinder, provided and horizontally movable. These movable frame legs can be brought to bear on two adjacent side surfaces of a deposited natural stone slab 118 in order to press them against the two rigid frame legs and thus align them.
  • the production trolley 116 is mounted on the rail track 112 behind the trolley 114 when viewed in the direction of travel.
  • the production trolley 116 carries a storage container 132 for fresh concrete.
  • a box shape 134 and a ram 136 vertically movable in opposite relationship.
  • a loading device 138 and a vibrating table 140 are also arranged to be horizontally movable.
  • a circumferential groove 142 is arranged on the inside of the box shape 134 in the lower region, into which one or more hoses 144 made of an elastic material are inserted.
  • the hoses 144 can optionally be connected to a pressure medium source or to a vacuum pump, so that they protrude inward beyond the inner surface of the box shape or are drawn into the relevant groove 142.
  • a positioning device is provided to ensure the required relative position between the laying carriage 114 and the production carriage 116.
  • positioning openings 146 are arranged in the work platform 110 at suitable intervals.
  • Both the laying carriage 114 and the production carriage 116 are provided with vertically movable dowel pins 148 which can be brought into engagement with one of the positioning openings 146.
  • an alignment frame which is similar, can be arranged on the front side of the production carriage in the direction of movement is designed like the alignment frame 130 arranged on the laying carriage 114.
  • the laying stone 114 places the natural stone slabs 118 in pairs on the work platform 110 at the intervals specified by the positioning openings 146.
  • the suction head 128 lifts the uppermost natural stone plate 118 of the stack and the trolley 124 is moved to the right, whereupon the suction head 128 is lowered in order to place the natural stone plate in the alignment frame 130 on the work platform 110.
  • the movable frame legs of the alignment frame 130 are then brought into contact with the associated power drives on two adjacent side surfaces of the natural stone plate 118 in order to press them onto the two rigid frame legs and to align them.
  • the suction head 128 is then raised and the trolley 124 is moved further to the right, whereupon the applicator 126 is lowered in order to provide the sawn-rough back of the natural stone slab 118 with cement adhesive 150.
  • the frame legs of the alignment frame 130 are somewhat higher than the natural stone plate 118, so that the cement adhesive does not run off to the side. Before the cement adhesive is applied, the back of the natural stone plate 118 can be moistened.
  • the alignment frame 130 with the associated power drives is pivoted upward, so that it releases the natural stone plate 118. Thereupon, the laying carriage 114 on the rail track 112 is moved to the right to the next positioning openings 146.
  • the production carriage 116 is also moved to the right and, by snapping the dowel pins 148 into the associated positioning openings 146, positioned so that the raised two box shapes 134 with two placed on the work platform 110 and one layer 150 out Align cement stone provided with natural stone slabs 118 vertically.
  • the two box shapes 134 are then lowered until they rest on the work platform 110 and receive the associated natural stone slab 118.
  • the elastic hoses 144 arranged in the grooves 142 of each box shape 134 are then connected to the associated compressed air source.
  • the tubes 144 expand and protrude from the inside of the box mold 134 and are pressed against the side surface of the natural stone slab 118 and clamp the natural stone slab between them.
  • the two box molds 134 are then lifted to an upper position together with the clamped natural stone plates 118, and the vibrating table 140 is moved to the left with the associated power drive in order to support the two natural stone plates 118 from below.
  • the loading device 138 filled with fresh concrete from the storage container 132 is moved to the left with the associated drive on a base until it is aligned with the two box shapes 134, whereupon the fresh concrete is emptied into the two box shapes. It is important that the fresh concrete is applied to the cement adhesive that has not yet hardened.
  • the two press rams 136 are moved downward with the associated drive. While the plungers 136 press from above onto the fresh concrete introduced into the associated box shape 134, the vibrating table 140 is set in vibration so that the fresh concrete is compacted. As soon as the height of the fresh concrete has decreased to a certain level, the press rams 136 are raised and the vibrating table 140 is moved back into its starting position. In order to reduce the friction, the top of the vibrating table can be coated with a particularly lubricious plastic.
  • the two box molds 134 are then lowered until the natural stone plates 118 rest on the work platform 110.
  • the hoses 144 are then connected to the vacuum pump so that they are completely in the associated Retract grooves 142.
  • the two box shapes 134 can therefore be pulled up from the associated multilayer plate without the hoses 144 rubbing on the side surface thereof.
  • the natural stone slab 118 has a thickness of 4 cm, while the thickness of the concrete layer forming the support slab 152 is 12 cm.
  • the cement adhesive 150 forms an elastic adhesive bridge between the natural stone plate 118 and the carrier plate 152, which enables the concrete to shrink without cracking.
  • the multilayer board is therefore characterized by great durability.
  • the multi-layer board proved to be extremely resistant during roll-over tests, and there was no detachment in the area of the cement adhesive.
  • Such a cement adhesive, which forms an elastic adhesive bridge in the hardened state is sold by PCI Polychemie Augsburg GmbH.
  • the multilayer board can be handled after two days and easily installed with a vacuum gripper.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Claims (27)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de plaques composites à plaques de pierre formées chaque fois d'une couche de support inférieure en position d'utilisation, en béton et d'une plaque en pierre naturelle, supérieure, ces deux plaques étant reliées intimement, et la plaque de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118) dont la face supérieure est tournée vers le bas est placée sur une surface d'appui (52 ; 110) et est entourée de façon étanche par un châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) puis, on met le béton dans le châssis de moulage et on comprime à l'aide d'un poinçon (6 ; 136) et en vibrant, puis on sépare la plaque de pierre composite du châssis (26 ; 134), caractérisé en ce qu'on abaisse le châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) sur la plaque de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118) jusqu'à ce qu'il l'entoure, on presse contre les côtés de la plaque de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118) avec des organes de préhension (7 ; 19 ; 144) sortant de la paroi intérieure du châssis de moulage (26 ; 134), on soulève alors la plaque de pierre naturelle et le châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) et on place l'ensemble sur une plaque vibrante (140), on introduit le béton dans le châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) et après compression du béton, on soulève la plaque composite terminée (42 ; 118 ; 152) et le châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) de la table vibrante (140) et on la dépose sur la surface d'appui (52 ; 110) puis on fait rentrer les organes de préhension (7 ; 19 ; 144) dans la paroi intérieure du châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) et on soulève le châssis de moulage par rapport à la plaque composite terminée de manière à démouler la plaque.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de pierre naturelle(4) est alignée précisément sur son support, à la fois en lieu et en angle par rapport à la projection du châssis de moulage par un dispositif de centrage avant d'être reçue par le châssis de moulage (26).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les organes d'alignement mobiles (39, 40) du dispositif de centrage (31) poussent par au moins deux arêtes croisées, la plaque de pierre naturelle (4) contre les longerons de butée (36, 37) correspondants du dispositif de centrage, les organes d'alignement libèrent de nouveau la plaque de pierre naturelle.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de pierre naturelle est déposée à l'aide d'un organe de préhension mobile librement dans la direction horizontale sur son support de fabrication, puis elle est alignée à l'aide d'une trémie de guidage, fixe dans une position correspondant au châssis de moulage.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on abaisse tout d'abord le châssis de moulage réglable, réglé de façon sur-dimensionnée par rapport à la plaque pour que le châssis entoure la plaque de pierre naturelle, puis on rapproche les parties de châssis pour qu'elles s'appliquent étroitement contre les côtés de la plaque de pierre naturelle en alignant celles-ci horizontalement.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise une machine de moulage (21) mobile sur des rails (23) comportant une table vibrante mobile horizontalement, alternativement, et les plaques de pierre naturelle (4) sont placées dans des dispositifs correspondant au châssis de moulage (26) à des intervalles (x) dans la voie de la machine de moulage (21), sur le sol, puis on fait avancer pas à pas la machine de moulage (21) selon les intervalles (x) et à chaque arrêt les plaques de pierre naturelle d'un dispositif sont reçues par le châssis de moulage (26), et sont munies de couches de béton (5) et sont de nouveau déposées comme plaques composites terminées (42) sur le sol et par ailleurs, les plaques de pierre naturelle (4) d'un dispositif en amont dans la direction de déplacement, sont alignées par un dispositif de centrage (31) selon la projection correspondante du châssis de moulage.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise une machine de moulage (21a), fixe avec une table vibrante mobile horizontalement, alternativement dans la machine et en ce qu'à l'aide d'un convoyeur horizontal (51) qui se déplace pas à pas dans un plan sous la table vibrante, à des intervalles réguliers (x), on fournit les plaques en pierre naturelle (4) à la machine de moulage (21a) et on évacue de la machine les plaques composites terminées (42).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les plaques composites (42), qui viennent d'être terminées sont évacuées à l'aide d'un moyen de préhension (61) qui pince la plaque de pierre naturelle du produit terminé, sur deux côtés opposés et les porte pour les enlever du convoyeur horizontal.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les plaques de pierre naturelle, fournies en pile, sont séparées automatiquement à l'aide d'une tête à ventouse mobile horizontalement et verticalement et sont séparées.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les plaques de pierre naturelle (58) fournies en piles ont leurs faces inférieures tournées vers le haut, lavées automatiquement avant d'être revêtues de béton, puis ces faces sont enduites automatiquement avec de la colle de béton.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour améliorer la liaison entre le béton et la plaque de pierre naturelle, on applique un agent de renforcement de béton, un agent d'accrochage ou une colle sur la surface supérieure de la pierre naturelle.
  12. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par une surface d'appui allongée (52 ; 110) ayant une surface supérieure pratiquement horizontale, une machine de dépôt (53 ; 114) mobile horizontalement par rapport à la surface d'appui, et qui est chargée par des plaques de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118) empliées, et comprend une installation de dépôt (128) pour déposer dans une position précise, une plaque de pierre naturelle dont la face avant, travaillée est dirigée vers le bas, sur une surface d'appui (52 ; 110), une installation d'enduction (126) pour appliquer une colle de ciment (150) sur la surface arrière brute de sciage, tournée vers le haut de la plaque de pierre naturelle déposée et une installation d'entraînement pour déplacer la machine de dépôt (53 ; 114) par rapport à la surface d'appui (52 ; 110) et pour actionner l'installation de dépôt (128) et l'installation d'enduction (126) ; une machine de fabrication (21 ; 116) mobile horizontalement par rapport à la surface d'appui (52 ; 110), comprenant un châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) ouvert, mobile verticalement, dont les dimensions intérieures sont légèrement supérieures aux dimensions extérieures de la plaque de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118) et dont les faces intérieures sont munies de rainures (13 ; 142) logeant des organes de préhension (7 ; 19 ; 144) reliés à un moyen d'entraînement, pour se presser contre la surface des bords de la plaque de pierre naturelle, le châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) pouvant être abaissé sur une plaque de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118) déposée sur la surface d'appui (52 ; 110), pour entourer la plaque de tous côtés puis être soulevé d'une certaine hauteur avec la plaque de pierre naturelle, après mise en oeuvre des organes de préhension (7 ; 19 ; 144), une table vibrante (140) mobile horizontalement, qui peut se positionner sous le châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) en position soulevée, pour soutenir la plaque de pierre naturelle (4 ; 118), un réservoir (27 ; 132) fournissant le béton frais, une installation d'alimentation (28 ; 138) mobile horizontalement, qui, pour recevoir une certaine quantité de béton frais peut se positionner sous le réservoir (27 ; 132) puis être déplacée horizontalement et être positionnée au-dessus du châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) soutenu par la table vibrante (140), pour remplir le châssis avec du béton frais ; un poinçon de presse (25 ; 136) mobile verticalement au-dessus du châssis de moulage (26 ; 134) dont les dimensions extérieures sont légèrement plus faibles que les dimensions intérieures du châssis de moulage et qui peut être abaissé sur le béton frais contenu dans le châssis de moulage pour comprimer celui-ci jusqu'à une certaine hauteur en coopérant avec la table vibrante (140), ainsi que des moyens d'entraînement pour le déplacement de la machine de fabrication (21 ; 116) par rapport à la surface d'appui (52 ; 110), du châssis de moulage (26 ; 134), de la table vibrante (140), de l'installation d'alimentation (28 ; 138) et du poinçon de pression (25 ; 136) ainsi qu'une installation de positionnement (30 ; 146 ; 148) pour positionner correctement la machine de dépôt (53 ; 114) et la machine de fabrication (21 ; 116) par rapport à la surface d'appui (52 ; 110).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par des orifices de positionnement (146) le long de la surface d'appui (110) et la machine de dépôt (114) et la machine de fabrication (116) comportent des clavettes de positionnement (148) susceptibles d'être mises en prise dans les orifices de positionnement.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que la machine de dépôt (114) et/ou la machine de fabrication (116) comportent un châssis d'alignement (130) mobile verticalement, ayant deux branches de châssis mobiles horizontalement et susceptibles d'être mises en appui contre deux surfaces latérales voisines d'une plaque de pierre naturelle (118), déposée.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la machine de dépôt (114) et la machine de fabrication (116) sont reliées rigidement.
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que dans la zone d'étanchéité de la plaque de pierre naturelle, la rainure (13) du châssis de moulage (26) comporte un tuyau élastique (7) dont la pression interne peut se commander.
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau (7) forme un anneau fermé dont la conduite de raccordement (8) traverse la paroi du châssis de moulage.
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la rainure (13) est rétrécie en direction de son ouverture par des saillies (14) des parois latérales de la rainure en forme de bourrelets.
  19. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau comporte des flancs (16) plans, qui s'appliquent contre les côtés plans de la rainure.
  20. Dispositif selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau comporte une surface de pression (17), plane, comprise entre les flancs.
  21. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau a une surface de pression munie de lèvres d'étanchéité (18) ou de nervures.
  22. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que un longeron de préhension et d'étanchéité (18) de forme rectangulaire en section est réalisé sur le tuyau.
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau est fixé par son côté arrière pour qu'il se retire dans la rainure sous l'effet de son élasticité ou lorsqu'il est sollicité par une dépression (figure 7).
  24. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'au-dessus d'une rainure (13a) recevant un tuyau, dans la face intérieure du châssis de moulage, il y a une autre rainure parallèle à la précédente recevant une bande élastique de protection contre les chocs (45).
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce que l'arête supérieure de la bande de protection contre les chocs (45) est située plus haut et l'arête inférieure de cette bande (45) est située plus bas que la surface supérieure horizontale (46) de la plaque de pierre naturelle (4a).
  26. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le châssis de moulage comporte une rainure périphérique dans sa face intérieure au niveau de l'épaisseur de la plaque de pierre naturelle et dans les segments de rainure de chaque paroi du châssis de moulage, il est prévu un longeron en matière plastique mobile perpendiculairement à la paroi.
  27. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les segments de surface intérieure (11) du châssis de moulage (26) correspondant à l'épaisseur de la plaque de pierre naturelle (4) sont en retrait par rapport au restant des surfaces intérieures.
EP93106057A 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de panneaux composites avec plaque de pierre Expired - Lifetime EP0566084B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4212702 1992-04-16
DE19924212702 DE4212702A1 (de) 1992-04-16 1992-04-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Stein-Verbundplatten
DE9211189U 1992-08-20
DE9211189U DE9211189U1 (de) 1992-08-20 1992-08-20 Anlage zur automatisierten Herstellung von Mehrschichtplatten

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EP0566084A1 EP0566084A1 (fr) 1993-10-20
EP0566084B1 true EP0566084B1 (fr) 1996-01-31

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AT (1) ATE133602T1 (fr)
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DE4242026A1 (de) * 1992-12-14 1994-06-23 Heidelberger Zement Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundplatte aus Beton und Naturwerkstein
EP0752500A1 (fr) * 1995-07-04 1997-01-08 E. Schwenk Zementwerke KG Dalle composite
DE19628396A1 (de) * 1996-07-13 1998-01-15 Kobra Formen & Anlagenbau Gmbh Form zur Herstellung von Formteilen
DE19720311A1 (de) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Gerhard Menke Gmbh & Co Kg Abdichtende Schalung mit Luftschlauch
DE10261692A1 (de) 2002-12-31 2004-07-15 Sievers, Thomas, Dipl.-Ing. Verbundformstein
CN107901209A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-04-13 枣庄启程机械科技有限公司 一种仿外墙壁挂石材的生产设备
CN116020997B (zh) * 2022-12-29 2024-04-26 山东客乐思新材料科技有限公司 一种石板表面的花纹压铸方法及压铸装置

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DE59301523D1 (de) 1996-03-14
EP0566084A1 (fr) 1993-10-20
ATE133602T1 (de) 1996-02-15
ES2084405T3 (es) 1996-05-01
DK0566084T3 (da) 1996-06-03

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