EP0571203A1 - Transportmittel für Mikroorganismusmuster, das weisse Blutzellen-lytische Wirkstoffe enthält - Google Patents

Transportmittel für Mikroorganismusmuster, das weisse Blutzellen-lytische Wirkstoffe enthält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0571203A1
EP0571203A1 EP93303896A EP93303896A EP0571203A1 EP 0571203 A1 EP0571203 A1 EP 0571203A1 EP 93303896 A EP93303896 A EP 93303896A EP 93303896 A EP93303896 A EP 93303896A EP 0571203 A1 EP0571203 A1 EP 0571203A1
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Prior art keywords
saponin
transport medium
microorganisms
white blood
medium
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EP93303896A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark L. Sussman
Theodore R. Carski
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Becton Dickinson and Co
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Becton Dickinson and Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5094—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for blood cell populations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a transport medium containing a suitable lytic agent, such as saponin, for collection, delivery and delayed processing of samples from various human and animal body sites.
  • the transport medium is useful for the purpose of isolating and identifying microorganisms from clinical samples without allowing white blood cells in the sample to destroy the microorganisms prior to testing.
  • the collection, transport and delayed processing of samples from human or animal body sites is important in the testing of the samples for the presence of microorganisms associated with disease.
  • the samples must be maintained with suitable nutrients and carbon source in the transport medium so that the microorganisms do not die or lose antigenic (chemical) viability during storage or transport of the sample for testing in the laboratory.
  • phagocytes white blood cells
  • phagocytes will destroy many of the microorganisms in the sample, so that the testing does not provide a correct indicia of the initial concentration of microorganisms originally present in the sample.
  • microbiological specimen transport media are widely used in the collection, delivery and delayed processing of samples for isolating microorganisms associated with disease. See, for example, Amies, Can. J. Public Health , 58 , 296 (1967); Stuart et al., Can. J. Public Health , 45 , 73 (1954); Isenberg et al., Manual of Clinical Microbiology , Lennette et al. (Eds.), 4th ed. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C. (1985); Bailey et al., Diagnostic Microbiology , "Specimen Containers and their Transport", 26-27, The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo.
  • microbiological transport media which maintain the microorganisms in the sample viable, or maintain the viability of the microorganisms' antigenic sites during storage and transport to the testing laboratory.
  • Saponin has been described as useful as an additive to growth media used in radiometric bacteriological culture system because its lytic action reduces background interference generated by metabolic activity of mammalian cells in blood samples, such as red cells, white cells and platelets. See for example U.S. Patent No. 3,858,045, and U.S. Patent No. 4,994,378 in which a combination of saponin and phospholipid were added to a bacterial growth medium to reduce background interference. The disclosure of both of these patents are incorporated by reference herein. Also see U.S. Patent No. 4,144,133 to Dorn et al. describing a fungal growth media containing saponin.
  • a bacteriological culture system using saponin is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,131,512.
  • Saponin is used for its lytic action allowing microbial pathogens to be separated from the blood sample by centrifugation.
  • the released pathogens pass out of suspension during centrifugation of the sample and collect in a layer adjacent to an interface between a cushioning agent and the blood sample, or enter the cushioning agent.
  • the microbial pathogens can be isolated in and on the cushioning agent for further culturing and analysis.
  • a method for rapid detection of bacterial and fungal infection using saponin to rupture phagocytes is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,043,267.
  • the method relates to a pathogen which is phagocytosed and subject to at least partial degradation by phagocytes of the host.
  • the method includes isolating from the host test sample which contains a cellular population comprising phagocytes; contacting the population with saponin capable of rupturing the phagocytes to release at least one soluble component of the pathogen, but not capable of rupturing unphagocytosed pathogen; separating at least one soluble component of the degraded pathogen from unphagocytosed pathogen; contacting a soluble component with a biospecific binding partner for that component; and measuring the extent of binding.
  • a growth medium containing saponin is used in growing of microorganisms for laboratory diagnosis of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis effluent as reported by Taylor et al., "Increased Microbial Yield from Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis Effluent after Chemical or Physical Disruption of Phagocytes", Journal of Clinical Microbiology , 25(3) , 580-583 (1987).
  • Taylor et al. reported that clinical peritonitis effluent specimens were delivered to the laboratory in cooled dialysis bags and sonicated prior to culturing on saponin-containing growth media. The process resulted in growth of significantly greater numbers of colonies than standard culturing on conventional media.
  • none of the related art describes the composition for a transport medium containing saponin, or the use of saponin in a transport medium in appropriate concentration to lyse phagocytes while maintaining the survivability of microorganisms or the viability of their antigenic sites in the sample.
  • a desired purpose of the present invention is to provide transport media containing components which maintain the survivability of microbiological specimens while preventing white blood cells in the media from attacking and destroying the microbiological specimens.
  • a further objective is to provide transport media which maintain viability of microorganisms' antigenic sites in a sample.
  • the present invention provides an improved transport medium containing a non-ionic lytic agent, preferably saponin for lysing white blood cells.
  • the improved transport medium contains the preferred lytic agent saponin to quickly lyse white blood cells present in the sample which may destroy the microorganisms and their antigenic sites.
  • the preferred lytic agent saponin is present in a concentration from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, saponin/ml transport medium, preferably from about 0.5 mg up to about 2 mg saponin per ml transport medium, more preferably about 0.75 to about 2 mg saponin per ml transport medium, and most preferably in a concentration of about 1 mg saponin per ml transport medium.
  • these detergent lytic agents may be combined in the transport medium with phospholipids, suitably L-a Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) which forms mixed micelles that protect saponin.
  • phospholipids suitably L-a Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) which forms mixed micelles that protect saponin.
  • Other phospholipids include phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin.
  • the improved transport medium should also include suitable buffers and a carbon source to allow the survival of a microbiological sample.
  • Preferred transport media suitable for the present invention include saponin modified: (1) Amies Transport Medium Without Charcoal, (2) Amies Transport Medium With Charcoal, and (3) Stuart Transport Medium.
  • the present invention provides an improved transport medium containing a non-ionic detergent, preferably saponin for lysing white blood cells used for the transport of microbiological samples from mammalian body sites.
  • the improved transport medium contains the preferred lytic agent saponin to quickly lyse phagocytes (white blood cells) present in the sample which may destroy the microorganisms and their antigenic sites.
  • the preferred lytic agent saponin is present in a concentration from about 0.1 mg saponin to about 10 mg saponin per ml transport medium, preferably in a concentration from about 0.5 mg to about 2 mg saponin per ml transport medium, more preferably from about 0.75 to about 1 mg saponin per ml transport medium, and most preferably in a concentration of about 1 mg saponin per ml transport medium. If the improved transport media is only required for maintaining the integrity of the antigenic sites of the released microorganisms, then a carbon source and buffers are not required.
  • the improved transport media should also include suitable buffers and a carbon source to allow the survival of the microbiological sample.
  • the saponin is added to suitable transport media formulations as described in Amies, Can. J. Public Health , 58 , 296 (1967); Stuart et al. Can. J. Public Health , 45 , 73 (1954); ( Isenberg Manual of Clinical Microbiology , Lennette et al. (Eds.), 4th ed. ASM, Washington, D.C. (1985); Bailey et al. Diagnostic Microbiology : "Specimen Containers and their Transport", 26-27, The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo.
  • Three preferred transport media suitable for modification with saponin, as discussed above, for use with the present invention include: (1) Amies Transport Medium Without Charcoal , containing: Sodium thioglycolate 1.00 g Sodium Chloride 3.00 g Potassium chloride 0.20 g Calcium chloride 0.10 g Magnesium chloride 0.10 g Potassium phosphate, monobasic 0.20 g Sodium Phosphate, dibasic 1.15 g Agar 4.00 g Demineralized Water 1 liter Final pH 7.4 +/-0.2 at 25°C. (2) Amies Transport Medium With Charcoal , containing the above ingredients and 10 g of charcoal per liter.
  • the improved formulation of the present invention provides rapid lysis of white blood cells ("WBC's”) thus freeing phagocytized microorganisms in the sample, and preventing WBC's from attacking free microorganisms.
  • WBC's white blood cells
  • the release of the phagocytized microorganisms is desirable because of the environment within the white blood cells is hostile (inhibitor or lethal) to the microorganisms. Freeing the microorganisms from this environment releases and places the microorganisms in a favorable environment provided by the transport medium, which is designed to preserve the viability of microorganisms, or at least their antigenic sites, but not stimulate growth.
  • non-ionic detergent lytic agent in addition to saponin, a suitable non-ionic detergent lytic agent, other non-ionic detergents may be utilized in the present invention, such as sodium cholate, Tween 20, some of the Triton X series, Brijs 56, 58, 76, 78, 96, 99, lysolecithin and polyoxyethylene-10-tridecyl ether.
  • a detergent concentration from about 0.02% to about 2.0% is suitable.
  • these detergent lytic agents may be combined, preferably in approximately equal proportions, in the transport medium with phospholipids, suitably L-a Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) which forms mixed micelles that protect saponin, as described in U.S. Patent No.
  • phospholipids described in that patent which may be used in the present invention include phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin.
  • Saponin is known to lyse red blood cells in culture medium, however, it was not clear whether saponin's activity extends to lysing white blood cells. In fact, previous studies, for example U.S. Patent No. 4,053,363 column 3 at lines 16-23, indicated that saponin may not be capable of lysing white blood cells. Accordingly, the following experiments were performed, although Examples 1 and 2 utilized culture (growth) medium rather than transport medium, in order to determine whether saponin has the potential for lysing white blood cells in transport medium as described in Example 3.
  • This example tests white cell lysis in anaerobic medium containing 40mg/ml saponin, Becton Dickinson.
  • saponin free medium is commercially available from Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, Maryland as BACTEC® anaerobic culture medium NR-7A, Catalog No.
  • the blood from Donor I (40 ml) was collected in two large yellow-top VACUTAINER tubes. Each bottle of medium was warmed to 35°C and four (4) ml of blood was injected with a hypodermic needle through the septum of each bottle using aseptic technique.
  • the white blood cells from 30 ml of blood from Donor I were harvested by collection of the leucocyte rich fraction after the red blood cells (RBC's) settled out at 1 X gravity.
  • the white blood cells were separated and labeled with Indium111, and an equal quantity of the cells representing WBC's from approximately 4 ml of whole blood were added to each sample bottle A-D. This effectively doubled the WBC count in each sample.
  • Table 3 shows the percent lysis of WBC's in the saponin containing and control anaerobic medium NR7A. Table 3 Percent Lyses of WBC in Control and Saponin Containing Anaerobic Culture Media Sample Time Saponin A Saponin C Control B Control D 30 sec. 95.3% 84.5% 2.3% 2.2% 15 min. 100.9% 92.5% 2.4% 2.7% 30 min. 102.4% 95.3% 2.9% 6.6% 60 min. 109.7% 98.7% 4.5% 6.7% 2 hr. 101.1% 96.6% 4.6% 5.1% 4 hr. 102.4% 97.3% 6.6% 7.2% 21 hr. 104.9% 96.8% 18.6% 19.0%
  • Table 4 shows the release of Indium111 from white blood cells in the control anaerobic culture medium and saponin containing anaerobic culture medium samples, as measured in cpm's for each 0.5 ml sample.
  • the total radioactivity in counts per minute ("cpm") for each 0.5 ml sample aliquot was 143379 cpm for Sample A, 142137 cpm for Sample C, 144820 cpm for Sample B, and 137932 cpm for Sample D (designated as STD in Table 4).
  • Table 4 Release of Indium111 from WBC in anaerobic control medium and saponin containing samples. CPM'S per Each 0.5 ml Sample Time Saponin A Saponin C Control B Control D 30 sec.
  • anaerobic medium containing at least a one (1) mg saponin per ml of anaerobic medium is highly effective in lysing white blood cells. Moreover, between 84% and 95% of the cells were lysed in the first 30 seconds, while from 90% to 100% of the cells were lysed in the first 15 minutes.
  • the example was performed in order to determine whether saponin in the same concentration (i.e., 1 mg saponin per ml of the culture (growth) medium), as tested in Example 1, as well as of lower concentrations is equally effective for lysing white blood cells in aerobic culture (growth) medium as it was in the anaerobic culture (growth) medium described in Example 1.
  • the aerobic culture medium described in Table 5 was divided into five (5) BACTEC® culture bottles (designated A-E) containing 30 ml medium per bottle.
  • the first bottle was designated as the control (A) sample which did not contain saponin; to the second bottle 20 mg saponin was aseptically added for a concentration of 0.5 mg saponin/ml aerobic culture medium and designated as Sample (B); to the third bottle 30 mg saponin was aseptically added for a concentration of 0.75 mg saponin/ml aerobic culture medium and designated as Sample (C); and to the remaining two (2) bottles 40 mg of saponin was aseptically added for a concentration of 1.0 mg. saponin/ml aerobic culture medium and designated as Samples (D) and (E), respectively.
  • Samples (D) and (E) For this example, duplicate counting of samples for each data point was performed.
  • the blood from Donor II, a healthy middle-age adult caucasian male was tested. The results of the blood tests are listed in Table 6, as follows:
  • the blood from donor II (40 ml) was collected in two large yellow-top VACUTAINER tubes. Each bottle of media was warmed to 35°C and four (4) ml of blood was injected with a hypodermic needle through the septum of each bottle using aseptic technique.
  • the white blood cells from 30 ml of blood from donor II were harvested by collection of the leucocyte rich fraction after the red blood cells (RBC's) settled out at 1 X gravity.
  • the white blood cells were separated and labeled with Indium111, and equal quantity of the cells representing WBC's from approximately 4 ml of whole blood were added to each sample bottle A-E. This provided the effect of doubling the WBC count in the same manner as described in Example 1.
  • the percent lysis of WBC's in these media was tested by determining the quantity of Indium111 released into the medium, using the same radioactivity count described in Example 1.
  • Table 7 shows the percent lysis of WBC's in the saponin containing aerobic culture media B through E, and control anaerobic culture medium A not containing saponin.
  • Table 7 Percent Lyses of WBC in Control and Saponin Containing Aerobic Media Sample Time Control A Saponin B Saponin C Saponin D Saponin E 30 Sec. 2.8% 36.8% 72.8% 84.6% 88.5% 15 min. 3.7 55.1 84.6 92.6 92.5 30 min. 4.2 58.7 87.3 92.3 92.1 60 min. 5.0 66.9 86.3 91.5 93.7 2 hr. 6.5 71.3 92.0 91.4 94.4 4 hr. 7.7 76.1 90.8 91.0 95.2 21 hr. 14.6 87.3 93.8 95.4 98.5
  • Table 8 shows the release of Indium111 from white blood cells in the control aerobic medium (A) and saponin containing aerobic culture media samples B-E, as measured in cpm's for each 0.5 ml sample.
  • the total radioactivity in counts per minute ("cpm") for each 0.5 ml sample aliquot tested was 36415 cpm for sample A, 34945 cpm for sample B, 36700 cpm for sample C, 36388 cpm for sample D and 33553 cpm for sample E (designated as STD in Table 8).
  • Table 8 Release of Indium111 from WBC in aerobic control medium and saponin containing samples. CPM's per Each 0.5 ml Sample Time Control A Saponin B Saponin C Saponin D Saponin E 30 Sec.
  • This Example shows that the aerobic culture medium containing 0.5 mg saponin per ml of aerobic culture medium lysed over 55% of the WBC's in the first 15 minutes. Moreover in the aerobic culture medium containing 0.75 mg of saponin per ml of aerobic culture medium, over 70% of the white blood cells were lysed in the first 30 seconds and more than 84% of white blood cells were lysed within the first 15 minutes. In the aerobic culture medium containing 1 mg saponin per ml of aerobic culture medium, over 84% of the white blood cells were lysed in the first 30 seconds and over 92% of the white blood cells were lysed in the first 15 minutes. These results compare favorably with 1 mg of saponin per ml of anaerobic culture medium which was tested in Example 1.
  • Transport medium is prepared and divided into two aliquots, A and B. Suitable formulations for transport medium are described by Stuart et al., Can. J. of Public Health , 45 , 73 (1954); and Amies, Can. J. of Public Health , 58 , 296 (1967).
  • aliquot A saponin (a solid) is added in a sufficient quantity to make the final concentration in the transport medium to be 1 mg saponin/ml of transport medium.
  • Aliquot B is maintained as a saponin-free control.
  • One hundred (100) tubes are prepared for each aliquot. The media are then aliquotted to each of the tubes (2 ml./tube) and autoclaved for sterility.
  • each swab is thoroughly rinsed in 1.0 ml physiological saline.
  • One tenth (1/10) ml aliquots are placed onto and evenly spread across the surface of each of four agar media: (1) Tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood, (2) MacConkey Agar, (3) CNA Agar, and (4) Chocolate Agar.
  • the plates are then placed in a suitable incubator at 37°C for 48 hours. At the end of the incubation time the plates are removed and the number of colonies in each plate are enumerated. The enumeration of colonies is done in parallel for each of the samples tested in transport medium A with saponin, and for the control transport medium B without saponin.
  • Results from colony enumeration for each medium pair from transport media A and B are compared by appropriate statistical comparison, such as the Chi Square Test.
  • the culture plates swabbed from transport medium A are expected to provide greater bacterial recovery due to lysis of white blood cells, and release of bacteria from the harsh bactericidal conditions internal to phagocytes.
  • Transport medium is prepared and divided into two aliquots, A and B as described in Example 5.
  • saponin a solid
  • aliquot B is maintained as a saponin free control.
  • One hundred (100) tubes are prepared for each aliquot. The media are then autoclaved for sterility.
  • each swab is subjected to appropriate preparatory procedures to perform a screening test for Group A Streptococci ( S. pyogenes ).
  • An example of such a test is the BBL Directigen® Group A Strep test (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD 21030).
  • results from each test pair from transport media A and B are compared by appropriate statistical comparison, such as a Student T Test.
  • the serological test using swabs from transport medium A (with saponin) are expected to provide greater antigenic recovery due to lysis of white blood cells, and release of bacteria from the harsh bactericidal conditions internal to phagocytes.

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EP93303896A 1992-05-22 1993-05-19 Transportmittel für Mikroorganismusmuster, das weisse Blutzellen-lytische Wirkstoffe enthält Withdrawn EP0571203A1 (de)

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US887633 2001-06-22

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8481265B2 (en) 2007-08-02 2013-07-09 Universite Laval Concentration and enrichment of microbial cells and microbial nucleic acids from bodily fluids
CN112345318A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-09 郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司 一种复合痰消化液
CN112345319A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-09 郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司 一种痰液样本的消化方法
WO2022245272A1 (en) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-24 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) Selective lysis of mammalian eukaryotic cells and visualization of viable bacterial cells

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4544714B2 (ja) * 2000-08-08 2010-09-15 栄研化学株式会社 微生物検出用培地

Citations (2)

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US4994378A (en) * 1989-09-08 1991-02-19 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method for reducing blood carbon dioxide background in bacterial media by the addition of micelles of saponin and a phospholipid
US5043267A (en) * 1984-05-18 1991-08-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for rapid detection of bacterial and fungal infection

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US4994378A (en) * 1989-09-08 1991-02-19 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method for reducing blood carbon dioxide background in bacterial media by the addition of micelles of saponin and a phospholipid

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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Title
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH vol. 58, no. 7, July 1967, pages 296 - 300 C.R.AMIES ET AL. 'A Modified Formula for the Preparation of Stuart's Transport Medium.' *
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY vol. 23, no. 3, March 1986, pages 452 - 455 C.H.ZIERDT 'Simplified Lysed-Blood Culture Technique.' *
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY vol. 25, no. 3, March 1987, pages 580 - 583. P.C.TAYLOR ET AL. 'Increased Microbial Yield from Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis Effluent after Chemical or Physical Disruption of Phagocytes.' *
Tha American Society of Microbiology Abstracts of the Annual Meeting - 1990 Page 390. Abstract No. C-277. D.L.Jungkind et al. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8481265B2 (en) 2007-08-02 2013-07-09 Universite Laval Concentration and enrichment of microbial cells and microbial nucleic acids from bodily fluids
CN112345318A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-09 郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司 一种复合痰消化液
CN112345319A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-09 郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司 一种痰液样本的消化方法
CN112345318B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2024-05-17 郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司 一种复合痰消化液
CN112345319B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2024-05-17 郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司 一种痰液样本的消化方法
WO2022245272A1 (en) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-24 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) Selective lysis of mammalian eukaryotic cells and visualization of viable bacterial cells

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