EP0572017A1 - Electrode à combustible pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide - Google Patents

Electrode à combustible pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0572017A1
EP0572017A1 EP93108602A EP93108602A EP0572017A1 EP 0572017 A1 EP0572017 A1 EP 0572017A1 EP 93108602 A EP93108602 A EP 93108602A EP 93108602 A EP93108602 A EP 93108602A EP 0572017 A1 EP0572017 A1 EP 0572017A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
solid oxide
electrode
fuel cell
oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93108602A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Akira c/o Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd Shiratori
Hiroshi c/o Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd Takagi
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Publication of EP0572017A1 publication Critical patent/EP0572017A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
    • H01M4/9066—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/49112—Electric battery cell making including laminating of indefinite length material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell.
  • One of conventional types of solid oxide fuel cells is a plate type.
  • This type of solid oxide fuel cell has a laminate structure of cell units and interconnectors.
  • Each cell unit comprises a solid electrolyte having a fuel electrode on one side and an air electrode on the other side, and conductive distributors which distribute a fuel gas (such as hydrogen) and air (or oxygen) entirely and evenly to the fuel electrode and the air electrode respectively and which also act as transmitters of electricity generated on the electrodes.
  • the plate type solid oxide fuel cell has an advantage of a large output per a unit volume. This is for the following reasons. By using thinner components, namely, thinner electrolytes and thinner interconnectors, a solid oxide fuel cell which contains more cell units keeping the same thickness can be obtained.
  • an electric current generated by the solid oxide fuel cell flows in the vertical direction, that is, in the thicknesswise direction, and the resistance is small.
  • a method of producing a thinner solid oxide fuel cell of this plate type it has been suggested to sinter the components together after lamination of the components.
  • the electrodes are required to be excellently conductive and to be porous in such a degree as to allow gases to diffuse therein.
  • a cermet of nickel and zirconium oxide has been used as the material of the fuel electrode.
  • solid oxide fuel cells are operated at a temperature of about 1000°C for a long time, and during the operation, the cermet of nickel and zirconium oxide is being sintered to excess and losing its porosity.
  • the above-mentioned producing method sin which the sintering temperature is over 1300°C, is adopted, the porosity of the fuel electrode cannot be guaranteed.
  • a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention has fuel electrodes made of a mixture of nickel, zirconium oxide and chromium oxide.
  • the chromium oxide contained in the material of the fuel electrodes inhibits sintering of the fuel electrodes such that the fuel electrodes can maintain a sufficient porosity. Additionally, while the solid oxide fuel cell is operated in a temperature of about 1000°C , the chromium oxide contained in the fuel electrodes inhibits sintering of the fuel electrodes.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a cell unit of a solid oxide fuel cell.
  • a solid electrolyte 1 is rectangular and made of yttrium stabilized zirconium oxide or the like.
  • An air electrode 2 and a fuel electrode 3 are provided on an upper surface and a lower surface of the solid electrolyte 1 respectively.
  • the air electrode 2 is made of lanthanum manganate or the like.
  • the fuel electrode 3 is made of a mixture of nickel, zirconium oxide and chromium oxide.
  • Ribbed distributors 5 and 6 are provided on the air electrode 2 and the fuel electrode 3. These distributors 5 and 6 distribute air and a fuel gas evenly to the air electrode 2 and the fuel electrode 3 respectively and electrically connect these electrodes 2 and 3 with interconnectors 10 respectively.
  • the air distributor 5 is made of lanthanum manganate or the like
  • the fuel distributor 6 is made of a cermet of nickel and zirconium oxide or the like.
  • Spacers 7 and 8 are provided at both sides of the distributors 5 and 6 respectively to shut the air and the fuel gas from the outside air.
  • the spacers 7 and 8 are made of yttrium stabilized zirconium oxide or the like.
  • a cell unit 9 is fabricated from the electrolyte 1 having the air electrode 2 and the fuel electrode 3 on its upper and lower surfaces respectively, the distributors 5 and 6, and the spacers 7 and 8. Then, interconnectors 10 are provided on an upper surface and a lower surface of the cell unit 9.
  • the interconnectors 10 are made of lanthanum chromium or the like.
  • the material of the fuel electrode 3 is a mixture of nickel, zirconium oxide and chromium oxide.
  • Eight lots (No. 1-8) of fuel electrodes were prepared by using eight mixtures of nickel, zirconium and chromium oxide which were different in the mixing ratios by weight of zirconium oxide and chromium oxide.
  • the mixing ratio by weight of nickel was fixed at 45% for all the mixtures.
  • eight lots of cell units were fabricated in the above-described manner.
  • the porosity was 35% or more, which is sufficient to be used as an electrode.
  • the fuel electrode 3 and the solid electrolyte 1 kept joined together.
  • the mixing ratio by weight of chromium oxide was 25% or more, the fuel electrode 3 separated from the solid electrolyte 1. This may be because that the fuel electrode 3 shrunk with reaction (reduction) under the operating conditions. Accordingly, it is preferred that a mixture of nickel, zirconium oxide and chromium oxide of which mixing ratio by weight of chromium oxide is within a range from 2% to 20% is used as the material of the fuel electrode 3.
  • the mixing ratio by weight of nickel may not be 45%, and the mixing ratio can be altered, as long as the conductivity, porosity and joining condition with the solid electrolyte can be sufficiently maintained.
  • the mixing ratios by weight of zirconium oxide and chromium oxide are determined in accordance with that of nickel.
  • the above embodiment is a solid oxide fuel cell which are fabricated by laminating components and sintering together.
  • the present invention is applicable to a solid oxide fuel cell which are fabricated by laminating and joining sintered components by use of bond.
  • the present invention is applicable to a solid oxide fuel cell which does not have separate distributors but have air electrodes and fuel electrodes which also function as air distributors and fuel distributors respectively.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
EP93108602A 1992-05-28 1993-05-27 Electrode à combustible pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide Withdrawn EP0572017A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP135469/92 1992-05-28
JP13546992A JP3151933B2 (ja) 1992-05-28 1992-05-28 固体電解質型燃料電池

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0572017A1 true EP0572017A1 (fr) 1993-12-01

Family

ID=15152447

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93108602A Withdrawn EP0572017A1 (fr) 1992-05-28 1993-05-27 Electrode à combustible pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5368951A (fr)
EP (1) EP0572017A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3151933B2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023007A3 (fr) * 1995-12-20 1997-07-31 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Substrat electrode pour pile a combustible
WO1997039490A3 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1998-01-08 Ztek Corp Reformeur compact a renforcement thermique
EP1328035A1 (fr) * 2002-01-09 2003-07-16 HTceramix S.A. - High Technology Electroceramics PEN de pile à combustible à oxydes solide
EP1416557A3 (fr) * 2002-10-28 2009-12-16 Korea Electric Power Corporation Piles à combustible à oxyde solide ayant des canaux de gaz

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747185A (en) * 1995-11-14 1998-05-05 Ztek Corporation High temperature electrochemical converter for hydrocarbon fuels
US6933331B2 (en) 1998-05-22 2005-08-23 Nanoproducts Corporation Nanotechnology for drug delivery, contrast agents and biomedical implants
US5905000A (en) * 1996-09-03 1999-05-18 Nanomaterials Research Corporation Nanostructured ion conducting solid electrolytes
US5770326A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-23 Limaye; Santosh Y. Monolithic mass and energy transfer cell
US5882809A (en) * 1997-01-02 1999-03-16 U.S. The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Solid oxide fuel cell with multi-unit construction and prismatic design
US6099985A (en) * 1997-07-03 2000-08-08 Gas Research Institute SOFC anode for enhanced performance stability and method for manufacturing same
US5976721A (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-11-02 Limaye; Santosh Y. Chemical cogeneration process
USRE39556E1 (en) * 1997-11-20 2007-04-10 Relion, Inc. Fuel cell and method for controlling same
US6096449A (en) 1997-11-20 2000-08-01 Avista Labs Fuel cell and method for controlling same
US6030718A (en) 1997-11-20 2000-02-29 Avista Corporation Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system
US6074771A (en) 1998-02-06 2000-06-13 Igr Enterprises, Inc. Ceramic composite electrolytic device and method for manufacture thereof
US6468682B1 (en) 2000-05-17 2002-10-22 Avista Laboratories, Inc. Ion exchange membrane fuel cell
US7326480B2 (en) 2000-05-17 2008-02-05 Relion, Inc. Fuel cell power system and method of controlling a fuel cell power system
AU2001274926A1 (en) 2000-05-22 2001-12-03 Acumentrics Corporation Electrode-supported solid state electrochemical cell
US6855426B2 (en) 2001-08-08 2005-02-15 Nanoproducts Corporation Methods for producing composite nanoparticles
WO2003071624A2 (fr) 2002-02-20 2003-08-28 Acumentrics Corporation Empilement et etanchement de piles a combustible
US7708974B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2010-05-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Tungsten comprising nanomaterials and related nanotechnology
JP4784197B2 (ja) * 2004-08-11 2011-10-05 住友金属鉱山株式会社 固体電解質型燃料電池の燃料極材料用酸化ニッケル粉及び燃料極材料
KR100886882B1 (ko) 2004-12-28 2009-03-05 테크니칼 유니버시티 오브 덴마크 금속-유리, 금속-금속 또는 금속-세라믹의 연결물의 제조방법
KR100924700B1 (ko) * 2005-01-12 2009-11-03 테크니칼 유니버시티 오브 덴마크 소결 중 수축률 및 공극률이 조절된 다층 구조물의 제조방법, 상기 제조방법에 따라 제조된 다층 구조물 및 상기 다층 구조물을 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지
CN101151751B (zh) * 2005-01-31 2010-05-26 丹麦科技大学 氧化还原稳定的阳极
DK1760817T3 (da) * 2005-08-31 2013-10-14 Univ Denmark Tech Dtu Reversibel fastoxidbrændselscellestak og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af samme
US8697313B2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2014-04-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method for making a fuel cell from a solid oxide monolithic framework
ATE550802T1 (de) 2006-11-23 2012-04-15 Univ Denmark Tech Dtu Methode zur herstellung von reversiblen festoxid- zellen
JP4420139B2 (ja) * 2008-04-04 2010-02-24 株式会社村田製作所 固体電解質形燃料電池とその製造方法
JP5326330B2 (ja) * 2008-04-04 2013-10-30 株式会社村田製作所 固体電解質形燃料電池とその製造方法

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1460932A (fr) * 1964-10-30 1966-03-04 Gen Electric Corps composé et procédé pour son façonnage, notamment utilisable comme corps électrode-électrolyte
US3300344A (en) * 1962-06-27 1967-01-24 Gen Dynamics Corp Fuel cell having zirconia-containing electrolyte and ceramic electrodes
FR1513897A (fr) * 1966-03-11 1968-02-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Procédé de fabrication d'électrodes pour piles à combustible galvaniques à haute température à électrolyte solide
DE2945565A1 (de) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-29 Inst Gas Technology Anode fuer eine hochtemperatur-brennstoffzelle, hochtemperatur-brennstoffzelle mit einer derartigen anode und verfahren zur herstellung der anode
FR2528416A1 (fr) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-16 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Matiere pour le revetement par pulverisation et specialement le revetement par pulverisation avec un plasma
US5035962A (en) * 1990-03-21 1991-07-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Layered method of electrode for solid oxide electrochemical cells
EP0439938A1 (fr) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-07 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Méthode pour la fabrication d'une électrode pour cellules électrochimiques solides

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US4582766A (en) * 1985-03-28 1986-04-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High performance cermet electrodes
US4816036A (en) * 1986-12-15 1989-03-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Fabrication of ceramic trilayers for a monolithic solid oxide fuel cell
EP0424732A1 (fr) * 1989-10-27 1991-05-02 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Elément de conduction du courant pour des cellules à combustible empilées fonctionnant à haute température et sa méthode de fabrication
US5169731A (en) * 1990-04-24 1992-12-08 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Solid oxide fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3300344A (en) * 1962-06-27 1967-01-24 Gen Dynamics Corp Fuel cell having zirconia-containing electrolyte and ceramic electrodes
FR1460932A (fr) * 1964-10-30 1966-03-04 Gen Electric Corps composé et procédé pour son façonnage, notamment utilisable comme corps électrode-électrolyte
FR1513897A (fr) * 1966-03-11 1968-02-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Procédé de fabrication d'électrodes pour piles à combustible galvaniques à haute température à électrolyte solide
DE2945565A1 (de) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-29 Inst Gas Technology Anode fuer eine hochtemperatur-brennstoffzelle, hochtemperatur-brennstoffzelle mit einer derartigen anode und verfahren zur herstellung der anode
FR2528416A1 (fr) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-16 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Matiere pour le revetement par pulverisation et specialement le revetement par pulverisation avec un plasma
EP0439938A1 (fr) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-07 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Méthode pour la fabrication d'une électrode pour cellules électrochimiques solides
US5035962A (en) * 1990-03-21 1991-07-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Layered method of electrode for solid oxide electrochemical cells

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 110, no. 4, 23 January 1989, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 26628a, KANEKO SHOZO ET AL 'Solid-electrolyte fuel cells' *
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY vol. 134, no. 88, August 1987, MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE US page 414C U. BARDI ET AL 'Metal-Zirconia Interfacial Reactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes' *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 246 (E-1212)5 June 1992 & JP-A-04 051 462 ( YUASA BATTERY CO LTD ) 19 February 1992 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023007A3 (fr) * 1995-12-20 1997-07-31 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Substrat electrode pour pile a combustible
AU713760B2 (en) * 1995-12-20 1999-12-09 Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh Electrode substrate for fuel cell
WO1997039490A3 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1998-01-08 Ztek Corp Reformeur compact a renforcement thermique
US5858314A (en) * 1996-04-12 1999-01-12 Ztek Corporation Thermally enhanced compact reformer
EP1328035A1 (fr) * 2002-01-09 2003-07-16 HTceramix S.A. - High Technology Electroceramics PEN de pile à combustible à oxydes solide
US7632586B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2009-12-15 Htceramix S.A. Solid oxide fuel cell positive electrode—electrolyte—negative electrode
EP1416557A3 (fr) * 2002-10-28 2009-12-16 Korea Electric Power Corporation Piles à combustible à oxyde solide ayant des canaux de gaz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH05326009A (ja) 1993-12-10
JP3151933B2 (ja) 2001-04-03
US5368951A (en) 1994-11-29

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