EP0575254A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0575254A1
EP0575254A1 EP93401556A EP93401556A EP0575254A1 EP 0575254 A1 EP0575254 A1 EP 0575254A1 EP 93401556 A EP93401556 A EP 93401556A EP 93401556 A EP93401556 A EP 93401556A EP 0575254 A1 EP0575254 A1 EP 0575254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
flow
annular
gas
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93401556A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0575254B1 (de
Inventor
François Renault
Didier Quevillon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Raffinage Distribution SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Total Raffinage Distribution SA filed Critical Total Raffinage Distribution SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0491—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid the liquid and the gas being mixed at least twice along the flow path of the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F23D11/14—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle with a single outlet, e.g. slit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for spraying a liquid using an auxiliary fluid such as a gas.
  • this process is characterized in that the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total liquid mass is less than 0.5.
  • the speeds of the primary and secondary gas flows are sonic at the height of the edge.
  • the distribution of the liquid droplets is not optimal and can in certain cases lead to the formation of a long and slightly smoky flame at its center, which reflects poor combustion of the atomized liquid, due to an air defect along the axis of the spray.
  • injectors of a conventional type it is possible to adjust the distribution of the liquid droplets within the jet by varying various parameters. So with mechanical sprayers you can vary the dimensions of the gyration chamber or modify the turbulence of the jet. Likewise, with pneumatic sprayers, use may be made of a diffuser constituted by a suitable nozzle on the sprayer and pierced with calibrated holes inclined at a determined angle relative to the axis of the sprayer.
  • the Applicant has established that a simple and easy to implement means for obtaining an adequate distribution of the liquid droplets, without altering the quality of the spraying carried out by these devices with annular sheet of liquid, consists in placing at least one obstacle in through part of the sheet of liquid, this obstacle having the effect of tearing this sheet locally and creating a discontinuity there, which modifies the trajectory of the droplets.
  • the problem to be solved in this case is not the same as for a heavy fuel oil sprayer, where the pressure in the spraying zone is less than 3 bar absolute and even, in general, less than 2 bar absolute.
  • the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total mass of liquid will be less than 0.5.
  • this device will comprise a plurality of obstacles distributed regularly with respect to the direction of flow of the flow of the liquid.
  • These obstacles may be constituted by planar legs projecting downstream from the annular wall shaped as an edge, substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the droplets.
  • the orientation of these legs will be adjustable.
  • the tabs forming an obstacle may be carried by the same crown fixed, for example, by screwing to the downstream end of the device.
  • the obstacles placed on the route sprayed droplets will permanently tear the droplet sheet into several separate jets which will not come together, further downstream, in a single jet.
  • the obstacles placed in a plane transverse to the direction of flow of these droplets occupy a part of the cross section of the droplet sheet less than 20 % and preferably 10% of this cross section.
  • the device according to the invention In its application to the spraying of heavy and viscous liquid fuels, with a view to their combustion in a chamber where the pressure is less than 3 bars, preferably 2 bars, the device according to the invention has proved to be particularly useful, because it appreciably reduces the amount of unburnt and the fumes from combustion. Surprisingly, in this use, the device according to the invention also produces much less polluting products, in particular nitrogen oxides.
  • the sprayer 1 shown in the drawings and intended to equip an oven for the combustion of heavy fuel oil is incorporated in an external body 2 of cylindrical section, secured to a rod, not shown, fixing everything to the wall of the oven.
  • All the parts of the injector are parts of revolution around the axis AA ′.
  • the tube 3 is the main water vapor supply tube for the sprayer, via the internal cylindrical channel 9 of the tube 3, connected to a source of steam not shown.
  • the external wall 10 of the tube 3 and the internal wall 11 of the external body 2 constitute an annular channel 12 for supplying heavy fuel oil, connected to a source of heavy fuel not shown.
  • the channel 9 supplies water vapor to a cylindrical central internal chamber 13, arranged in the central body 4.
  • cylindrical channels 14 In the central body 4 are provided cylindrical channels 14, the inlets 16 of which are arranged at the entrance to the chamber 13 and the outlets 17 of which open into an annular chamber 18 arranged in the distributor 5.
  • the channels 14 not visible on the sections have not been shown in broken lines, as is customary.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are also provided cylindrical channels 19, the inputs 20 of which are arranged at the downstream end of the chamber 13 and the outputs 21 open into inlets 22 of corresponding cylindrical channels 23, arranged in the distributor 6, by means of a groove 21 'forming an annular distribution channel.
  • annular channel 23 ′ formed by a portion of the internal wall of the end piece 7 and of the internal wall 32 ′ of the distributor 6 forming the edge with the external wall 32 of said distributor.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are further arranged cylindrical channels 24, only two of which have been shown for clarity, the inlets 25 of which are located at the end of the channel 12 and the outlets 26 of which open into an annular channel 27 .
  • the walls of this channel are constituted by a bevelled portion 28 of the body 4 and by a portion of the internal wall 29 of the distributor 5.
  • the channel 27 is extended by an annular channel 30, the walls of which are constituted by a portion of the internal wall 31 of the external body 2 and a portion of the external wall 32 of the distributor 6, which constitutes the edge on which the liquid prefilm, which can be smooth or serrated.
  • the channel 30 is extended by a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • the channel 33 is in the form of a venturi, part of the kinetic energy of the gas is transformed into pressure.
  • the annular chamber 18 is connected to the channel 30 by cylindrical channels 36, arranged in the distributor 5 and extended by an annular channel 38, constituted by a portion 37 of the exterior wall of the distributor 5 and a portion 39 of the interior wall of the body. external 2.
  • the heavy fuel is brought through the annular channel 12, the cylindrical channels 24, the annular channel 27 to the annular channel 30.
  • the flow of heavy fuel oil is pressed against the external wall 32 of the distributor 6 by an external peripheral flow of water vapor.
  • This external peripheral flow comes from a main water vapor flow, brought by the internal channel 9, a part of which penetrates into the inlets 16 is conducted by the cylindrical channels 14 in the annular chamber 18 then in the cylindrical channels 36 and the annular channel 38.
  • the fuel film formed by the action of the flow of primary peripheral water vapor internally receives a flow of secondary peripheral water vapor. This comes from chamber 13, via inputs 20, channels 19 and 23.
  • the heavy fuel oil is thus finely divided in the annular channel 33 and sprayed into fine droplets at the outlet thereof.
  • a crown 40 carrying four legs 41 distributed regularly with respect to the axis AA and arranged projecting opposite the orifice of the annular channel 33.
  • the legs 41 are arranged transversely to the sheet of droplets of sprayed liquid.
  • these tabs 41 advantageously occupy less than 20% and, preferably, less than 10% of the cross section of the droplet sheet and they tear it into four separate jets, which do not reform into a single sheet downstream of these legs.
  • the width l of the legs is 1.5 mm and 2 mm depending on the type of device.
  • the exit angle of the jet relative to the axis AA ′ is 30 °.
  • the spraying test was carried out using an oil having a density, at 15 ° C, of 850 kg / m3 (measured according to AFNOR standard NFT 60-101) and a viscosity of 300 mm2 / s , at 20 ° C, (measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 60-100).
  • the oil flow rate was 200 kg / h and the pressure was 6.105 pascals.
  • Nitrogen was used as auxiliary fluid at a mass rate of 0.2 with respect to the oil, the nitrogen pressure being 6.105 pascals.
  • the diameter of the droplets at the outlet of the sprayer was 85.10 ⁇ 3 mm and was not affected by the presence of obstacles 41.
  • the spraying operating pressure was also very little affected by the presence of obstacles.
  • the liquid flow rate expressed in kg / m2 was measured as a function of the distance from the spray axis, at 25cm and 50cm respectively from the slot 33 of the sprayer.
  • the curve C1 relates to the injector without obstacles 41
  • the curve C2 relates to the injector equipped with four obstacles 41 made up of legs 1.5 mm wide
  • the curve C3 relates to the injector fitted with four obstacles made up of legs 2 mm wide.
  • the curve C4 relates to a conventional injector used in the industry. This control injector is different from that described in application No. 90.06447 and does not include a breakwater, but includes a diffuser as indicated above (page 3, lines 3-6).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
EP93401556A 1992-06-19 1993-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum Expired - Lifetime EP0575254B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9207491A FR2692502B1 (fr) 1992-06-19 1992-06-19 Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire.
FR9207491 1992-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0575254A1 true EP0575254A1 (de) 1993-12-22
EP0575254B1 EP0575254B1 (de) 1996-09-18

Family

ID=9430945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93401556A Expired - Lifetime EP0575254B1 (de) 1992-06-19 1993-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0575254B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE143121T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69304813T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0575254T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2092253T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2692502B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3021189T3 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001053676A3 (de) * 2000-01-19 2001-12-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zerstäubungsdüse
EP1391653A2 (de) 2002-08-21 2004-02-25 Rolls-Royce Plc Vorrichtung zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung
CN101884962A (zh) * 2010-07-09 2010-11-17 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 不堵塞、无气阻的锥面气雾喷嘴及锥面气雾形成方法
CN114160324A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-03-11 北京清新环境技术股份有限公司 雾化喷嘴
CN116943893A (zh) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-27 哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司 喷射阀

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828463A (en) * 1929-12-06 1931-10-20 Morgan J Hammers Means for restricting atomized fluid discharge
DE664774C (de) * 1936-05-08 1938-09-03 Kurt Schuetz Zerstaeuberduese fuer Strahlrohre
US2775482A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-12-25 Berthoud & Cie Means for distributing liquids very finely
US3029863A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-04-17 Edgar S Downs Liquid fuel burning heater
DE1163607B (de) * 1960-08-04 1964-02-20 Rolls Royce Doppel-Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer Gasturbinenstrahltriebwerke
GB1113969A (en) * 1964-11-13 1968-05-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spray nozzle
EP0458685A1 (de) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Total Raffinage Distribution S.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit sowie ihre Anwendungen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828463A (en) * 1929-12-06 1931-10-20 Morgan J Hammers Means for restricting atomized fluid discharge
DE664774C (de) * 1936-05-08 1938-09-03 Kurt Schuetz Zerstaeuberduese fuer Strahlrohre
US2775482A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-12-25 Berthoud & Cie Means for distributing liquids very finely
US3029863A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-04-17 Edgar S Downs Liquid fuel burning heater
DE1163607B (de) * 1960-08-04 1964-02-20 Rolls Royce Doppel-Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer Gasturbinenstrahltriebwerke
GB1113969A (en) * 1964-11-13 1968-05-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spray nozzle
EP0458685A1 (de) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Total Raffinage Distribution S.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit sowie ihre Anwendungen

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001053676A3 (de) * 2000-01-19 2001-12-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zerstäubungsdüse
US6991183B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2006-01-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Atomizing nozzle
EP1391653A2 (de) 2002-08-21 2004-02-25 Rolls-Royce Plc Vorrichtung zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung
EP1391653A3 (de) * 2002-08-21 2005-05-04 Rolls-Royce Plc Vorrichtung zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung
CN101884962A (zh) * 2010-07-09 2010-11-17 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 不堵塞、无气阻的锥面气雾喷嘴及锥面气雾形成方法
CN101884962B (zh) * 2010-07-09 2013-05-08 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 不堵塞、无气阻的锥面气雾喷嘴及锥面气雾形成方法
CN114160324A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-03-11 北京清新环境技术股份有限公司 雾化喷嘴
CN116943893A (zh) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-27 哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司 喷射阀

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2092253T3 (es) 1996-11-16
ATE143121T1 (de) 1996-10-15
FR2692502A1 (fr) 1993-12-24
DE69304813T2 (de) 1997-02-06
GR3021189T3 (en) 1996-12-31
FR2692502B1 (fr) 1995-03-31
EP0575254B1 (de) 1996-09-18
DE69304813D1 (de) 1996-10-24
DK0575254T3 (da) 1996-10-07

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