EP0575499A1 - Procede et dispositif de melange pour substances gazeuses, liquides ou solides et pulverisees. - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de melange pour substances gazeuses, liquides ou solides et pulverisees.

Info

Publication number
EP0575499A1
EP0575499A1 EP92908271A EP92908271A EP0575499A1 EP 0575499 A1 EP0575499 A1 EP 0575499A1 EP 92908271 A EP92908271 A EP 92908271A EP 92908271 A EP92908271 A EP 92908271A EP 0575499 A1 EP0575499 A1 EP 0575499A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recited
burner
tube
axial
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92908271A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0575499B1 (fr
Inventor
Gustaaf Jan Witteveen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0575499A1 publication Critical patent/EP0575499A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0575499B1 publication Critical patent/EP0575499B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to mixing a gas flow with a gaseous, liquid or pulverised substance, such as fuel, where a rotation enforcing body for the gas flow has been devised in order to feed an introduced gas flow to a mainly axially symmetrical tube with an axial component in the axial direction of the tube and with a rotation component
  • GB - A - 2005 006 shows a burner that has a mixing method such as the one mentioned above, where the mixing of oil with the combustion air takes place under the effect of high pressure atomization of the oil.
  • a mixing method such as the one mentioned above, where the mixing of oil with the combustion air takes place under the effect of high pressure atomization of the oil.
  • an extremely strong atomization and mixing of the oil and the combustion air are only obtained to the usual extent and combustion with a low NOX level and little or no excess of air is only obtainable to a limited extent.
  • US - A - 2 806 517 shows a burner with a rotating
  • combustion air flow which is conducted through a tapering down and in which oil is atomized centrally.
  • the invention is based on the understanding that a gas flow with a strong rotation around the flow axis compared to the axial component, can, with a sudden widening of the flow diameter, induce a sudden and very strong turbulence in the flow, in the following referred to as 'vortex break down'.
  • This vortex break down manifests itself in a shattering or explosion of the jet while forming very strong local turbulence which leads to an extremely thorough mixing of the substances in the flow.
  • a very stable vortex is created in which a very thoroughly mixed fuel-air mixture can be burnt in a short period of time so that exceptionally low NOX values occur. The same thorough mixing allows complete combustion with virtually no excess of air.
  • the tapering down can consist of a material tapering down of the tube as well as of a gas, which is introduced with a radial component and which compresses the jet in radial direction, or of a radial component of the jet which causes it to be narrowed. While tapering down a jet rotating around its axis, the energy fed to the jet is being converted into rotation energy by means of the Coriolis forces. As a result the ratio between the rotation component, in particular on the outside of the jet, and the translation component
  • the invention provides that the tapering down reduces the diameter of the tube to 0.9 - 0.7 of the diameter prior to the narrowing. Within this range, which is only preferential, vortex break down can in practice be achieved with a in pressure difference for the thrust of the jet from 3 to 5 cm of water (300 to 500 N/m 2 ).
  • the narrowing includes an angle with the axis of the tube, which angle increases in the direction of the flow.
  • the narrowing includes at its end an angle with the axis of over 50 degrees.
  • angle with the axis at the. end of the narrowing good results are to be obtained, but that with angles of 50 degrees to about 60 degrees an adequate rapid compression of the jet can be combined with a short transit time and, therefore, little thrust and formation of micro-turbulence in the rotating flow itself.
  • the rotation enforcing body is
  • the mixing substance is subject to the strongest atomization and mixing when it is thrown off the edge of the tapering down and enters the vortex break down area.
  • a very good atomization of oil which is introduced under a very low pressure, for instance 5 cm of water.
  • the tapering down need not be a material section reduction of a material tube.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides that the narrowing is formed by a gas flow which, with a
  • the vortex break down will occur when the flow section is widened. It is to be recommended that this widening will be abrupt and that the flow section for small burners (up to circa 50 kW) will preferably be enlarged at least five times in relation to that of the tapering down, and for large ones circa 2.5 to 3.5 times.
  • the formation of nitrogen oxides can be countered by providing that the back wall of the burner cone is cooled.
  • the created vortex at the widening near the burner can be employed by installing the burner cone near its back surface an inlet slot for air, residual gas and waste gas that is to be destroyed by combustion.
  • This slot pulls one of the gases towards the centre, where cool air ensures a reduction in temperature of the flame base.
  • the air velocity also in a lower setting and resulting, therefore, in a limited air supply, has to meet minimum requirements. Accordingly, amplification of the invention provides that a controllable air tap of the air that passed through the rotation enforcing body is present.
  • J 0 and J 1 are Bessel functions of the zeroth and first order, has no real solution, vortex break down is to be expected.
  • the formulas, however, are developed based on a flow free of turbulence and of dissipation, which, of course, is not entirely consistent with reality so that these formulas give only an indication whether vortex break down will occur.
  • fig.1 shows schematically a burner provided with the invention and the flows occurring within
  • fig.2 indicates schematically the occurrence of the vortex
  • fig.3 illustrates the flow picture to prevent a
  • fig.4 shows schematically a cross-section of a vortex device in accordance with the invention
  • fig.5 shows a schematic cross-section of another
  • fig.6 shows a graph to illustrate the analytical method for determining vortex break down.
  • an air supply for a burner is indicated by 1 where the air has undergone pressure-increase up to 5 cm of water column or 500 N/m 2 .
  • This air is introduced through axially and tangentially directed slots 2 to a vortex chamber 3.
  • This vortex chamber has on its exit side a tapering down 4, which causes the air vortex to be even stronger before flowing out.
  • the strong vortex leads to underpressure in the axial area and, therefore, to a counterflow, as is schematically indicated with the flow lines 5.
  • the slot 17 between the burner cone 11 and the back surface 10 may provide a secondary-air supply, if so desired.
  • the back surface 10 may be cooled, for instance by water in case the burner is used for the heating of water in, for example, a central heating boiler.
  • residual gas or a gaseous product that is to be burnt may be introduced, in which case the very thorough mixing by the vortex break down ensures a most efficient combustion.
  • a control may be obtained by bringing the combustion air at full speed and subsequently feeding-back part of this air, as is
  • the burner has not only a high stability in order to prevent blowing off and an exceptionally thorough mixing of combustion air and fuel and, therefore, a short flame, it also ensures that a mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen is at a high
  • the drawn vortex chamber 3 receives its rotating gas through the slots 2.
  • the axial velocity of the air flowing out is now inversely proportional to the sectional area of the annular slot zone 2 and the circular exhaust in the tapering down. It is very well possible that the latter may be larger than the section of the annular slot, in which case the axial velocity is lower when flowing out of the vortex chamber than when entering it, which increases even further the ratio between the rotation velocity and the axial velocity.
  • Fig.2 schematically shows the situation in which a
  • rotation enforcing body 21 causes a vortex with everywhere the same angular velocity around the axis (solid body vortex). This vortex is carried via the tapering down 22 to a more spacious flow tube 23, in the process of which vortex break down occurs again and also the annular vortex 24.
  • This device too, causes an exceptionally intensive intermixing of the gas flow, for instance, when it contains a mixing gas, a mixing fluid or pulverized particles.
  • the invention is most suitable for the combustion of pulverized fuel such as coal particles, but also of aluminium that can be burnt to aluminium oxide, which can possibly be of importance in obtaining solar energy when, by means of solar energy, aluminium oxide can be reduced and the aluminium can later be burnt again as a source of energy.
  • Fig. 3 amplifies how a vortex body is created in front of the exit opening of the vortex chamber, which entirely or almost entirely prevents the counterflow of air.
  • an underpressure is created by the vortex break down, as a result of which the flow, indicated by the arrow 26, threatens to develop.
  • Fig 4. shows a schematic cross-section that represents an advantageous form of the tapering down. It has been found that when the tapering down is too steep it causes a certain thrust and that when it is too flat it takes up too great an axial length and consequently causes too much friction.
  • the angle made by the tapering down with the axis at the end of the tapering down is a little smaller than 60 degrees.
  • fig. 5 a further example of embodiment is schematically represented.
  • the air-supply slot 2 is shown again, by which axially whirling air enters the space 31, as is indicated by the arrow 32. This arrow bends inwards, because from a ring or annular slot 33 radially inflowing and tangentially whirling gas is introduced, which
  • the invention not only provides a compact and most steady burner, it may also serve to manufacture a spray nozzle with a wide adjusting range.
  • a burner-spray-nozzle has two advantages: 1) At a low oil through-flow, the atomization is better than at a high oil through-flow. As, however, at a high through-flow the flame is longer end therefore takes up more room in which mixing can occur, a constant combustion quality is obtained at a higher and lower oil through-flow. 2) A good air cooling, which prevents the burner from getting dirty and blocked at high temperatures.
  • the invention is suitable as a spray nozzle for any type of burner that is to mix fuel with combustion air, for any application with a wide adjusting range.
  • This zone is calm and hardly moves. When oil constitutes the fuel, this zone will have a blue colour if the oil had already been completely
  • this zone will become a deeper blue.
  • yellow radiant coal particles may be present in this zone, but experience shows that with a sufficient supply of oxygen, all unburnt soot particles or hydrocarbons in the residual gas are completely burnt.
  • An important application of the invention is a spray nozzle or atomizer, where the obtained very fine mist, the very thoroughly mixed gas mixture or the very homogeneous suspension of solid particles will not directly be burnt or even not be burnt at all.
  • the invention is not limited to the pictured and amplified embodiments.
  • the mixing substance is brought into rotation prior to coming into contact with the air jet. This is particularly important in the case of mixing with low-calorific gas.
  • the rotation enforcing body can have any shape, provided that it superimposes a rotation onto the gas flow.
  • it may also contain moving or rotating parts such as a blade wheel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif servant à mélanger à un flux gazeux (1) tourbillonnant autour d'un axe dans le sens de l'écoulement, des substances gazeuses, liquides ou solides et pulvérisées. On fait passer le flux gazeux tourbillonnant dans un passage convergent (4). Pendant ou après le chargement du flux gazeux avec lesdites substances, ledit passage s'élargit brusquement pour former une enceinte cylindrique (11) dans laquelle le tourbillon se rompt, ce qui assure un mélange et/ou une atomisation exceptionnels. Lorsqu'il est mis en oeuvre dans un brûleur, ce dispositif améliore le rendement de combustion, limite le taux de NOX et évite l'extinction de la flamme.
EP92908271A 1991-03-20 1992-03-19 Procede et dispositif de melange pour substances gazeuses, liquides ou solides et pulverisees Expired - Lifetime EP0575499B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9100490A NL9100490A (nl) 1991-03-20 1991-03-20 Inrichting voor het mengen van een gasstroom met een mengstof, brander waar een dergelijke inrichting in is toegepast en werkwijze voor het bedrijven van de brander.
NL9100490 1991-03-20
PCT/NL1992/000055 WO1992016794A1 (fr) 1991-03-20 1992-03-19 Procede et dispositif de melange pour substances gazeuses, liquides ou solides et pulverisees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0575499A1 true EP0575499A1 (fr) 1993-12-29
EP0575499B1 EP0575499B1 (fr) 1996-01-31

Family

ID=19859036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92908271A Expired - Lifetime EP0575499B1 (fr) 1991-03-20 1992-03-19 Procede et dispositif de melange pour substances gazeuses, liquides ou solides et pulverisees

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0575499B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE133771T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1552392A (fr)
CA (1) CA2106467A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69208079T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0575499T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2084355T3 (fr)
NL (1) NL9100490A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992016794A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0599395A1 (fr) * 1992-11-20 1994-06-01 WITTEVEEN, Gustaaf Jan Brûleur avec production minime d'NOx
GB9320455D0 (en) * 1993-10-05 1993-11-24 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Vortex mixer
US5505615A (en) * 1994-06-15 1996-04-09 Winnox Combustion Systems, B.V. Device for mixing a gaseous fuel with air and combustor provided with such a device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2806517A (en) * 1950-11-16 1957-09-17 Shell Dev Oil atomizing double vortex burner
US3304012A (en) * 1964-11-27 1967-02-14 Sem Bjarne Spray nozzle
CA1159356A (fr) * 1979-10-25 1983-12-27 Kurt Skoog Production de microgouttelettes de fluide
DE3206074A1 (de) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-18 Körting Hannover AG, 3000 Hannover Brenner fuer staubfoermige, gasfoermige und/oder fluessige brennstoffe
EP0114062A3 (fr) * 1983-01-18 1986-02-19 Stubinen Utveckling AB Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides, en particulier du charbon, de la tourbe etc.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9216794A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69208079D1 (de) 1996-03-14
AU1552392A (en) 1992-10-21
DK0575499T3 (da) 1996-06-03
DE69208079T2 (de) 1996-08-22
EP0575499B1 (fr) 1996-01-31
CA2106467A1 (fr) 1992-09-21
NL9100490A (nl) 1992-10-16
WO1992016794A1 (fr) 1992-10-01
ES2084355T3 (es) 1996-05-01
ATE133771T1 (de) 1996-02-15

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