EP0584871A1 - Tube à rayons X ayant une anode en mode de transmission - Google Patents

Tube à rayons X ayant une anode en mode de transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584871A1
EP0584871A1 EP93202435A EP93202435A EP0584871A1 EP 0584871 A1 EP0584871 A1 EP 0584871A1 EP 93202435 A EP93202435 A EP 93202435A EP 93202435 A EP93202435 A EP 93202435A EP 0584871 A1 EP0584871 A1 EP 0584871A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ray tube
target layer
angle
anode
electrons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93202435A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0584871B1 (fr
Inventor
Dagang Dr. Tan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TAN, DAGANG, DR.
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0584871A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584871A1/fr
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Publication of EP0584871B1 publication Critical patent/EP0584871B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/101—Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
    • H01J35/116—Transmissive anodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray tube with a transmission anode, which comprises a target layer made of one or more metals with a high atomic number that is hit by electrons in the operating state and a carrier layer made of one or more substances with a low atomic number connected to the target layer.
  • Such X-ray tubes are known - for example from DE-OS 27 29 833, from US-PS 20 90 636 and from US-PS 3 894 239.
  • the target layer should be as thick as possible in order to convert the impinging electrons as high as possible into X-ray quanta.
  • this layer must be as thin as possible in order to weaken the X-ray quanta generated in it as little as possible.
  • the carrier layer must be thin enough on the one hand to weaken the emerging X-rays as little as possible and on the other hand thick enough to ensure the mechanical stability and the dissipation of the thermal energy generated in the target layer.
  • these X-ray tubes at least for a voltage range between 50 and 500 kV, which is important for medical, but also for industrial examinations - have hardly found their way into practice.
  • X-ray tubes with anodes are used, in which the X-rays are emitted from the side of the anode on which the electrons strike. These anodes are therefore also referred to below as reflection anodes.
  • the object of the present invention is to design an X-ray tube of the type mentioned at the outset, whose operating voltage is in the range between 50 kV and 500 kV, in such a way that with the electrical energy applied to operate the X-ray tube, more X-radiation is generated in the useful radiation beam than in the case of an X-ray tube Reflection anode.
  • the angle ⁇ between the direction of incidence of the electrons and the direction of the X-rays emitted through the carrier layer in the useful beam is between 10 ° and 40 °.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the intensity of the X-rays is very dependent on the angle that the emitted X-rays form with the direction of the electrons. Neglecting the weakening by the target results in a pronounced maximum intensity on the lateral surface of a cone, the central axis of which is formed by the direction of the electron beam generating the X-rays.
  • the opening angle of this cone depends on the operating voltage, and the smaller the higher the operating voltage, the smaller it is. For an operating voltage of 60 kV, half the opening angle of the cone with the maximum intensity is approx. 40 °, and for an operating voltage of 500 kV approx. 10 °.
  • the invention takes advantage of this knowledge by determining the angle between the light beam, i.e. selects the part of the X-ray radiation used outside the X-ray tube, and the direction of incidence of the electrons generating the X-ray radiation accordingly.
  • the useful beam has an aperture angle that differs from zero at least in one direction.
  • the angle between an X-ray beam in the center of the useful beam and the direction of incidence of the electrons must be chosen as specified in the claim.
  • the useful beam In the previously known x-ray tubes with a transmission anode, the useful beam generally runs in the extension of the electron path, ie the angle ⁇ is zero.
  • FIG. 7 of DE-OS 27 29 833 describes an X-ray tube with an annular anode, in which the X-radiation is generated by means of two groups of cathodes distributed over the circumference of the anode, which are arranged on both sides of a central plane running through the radiator. This results in an angle ⁇ of 45 °.
  • the invention can be used in different X-ray tubes for different applications. According to a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that it is designed as a rotating anode X-ray tube and that the target layer (for example made of tungsten and / or rhenium) lies on the lateral surface of a truncated cone which encloses an angle with the direction of the X-rays used outside the X-ray tubes , which is smaller than the angle that exists between this direction and the direction of the incident electrons.
  • the target layer for example made of tungsten and / or rhenium
  • the anode has the shape of a bowl which is symmetrical with respect to its axis of rotation, the inner surface of which is provided with the target layer and faces the electron-emitting electron source and the useful beam of rays is preferably emitted from the outer surface at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of rotation.
  • the transmission anode shown in FIG. 1 comprises a target layer 1 made of a metal with a high atomic number, which is applied to a carrier layer 2 made of a material with a low atomic number.
  • the target layer 1 can consist, for example, of tungsten or rhenium or of an alloy of these metals; other metals suitable for the target layer 1 are platinum or thorium.
  • the carrier layer 2 can consist of graphite or beryllum and have such a thickness that, on the one hand, there is sufficient mechanical stability and the X-ray radiation, if possible is weakened little.
  • the arrow 3 denotes an electron beam which strikes the target layer 1 at an angle ⁇ with the normal. This creates X-rays that spread on a sphere around the point of impact.
  • theoretical and experimental studies have shown that neglecting the weakening by the target layer results in the greatest intensity of X-rays, which spread on the surface of a cone (with its tip in the electron impingement point and its axis of symmetry parallel to the direction of the electron beam) with a certain aperture angle ⁇ .
  • the upper limit beam 4a and the lower limit beam 4b of this cone are shown in FIG. 1.
  • Half the opening angle ⁇ of this cone depends on the operating voltage, whereby the table applies approximately: U / kV 60-100 100-150 150-200 200-350 350-500 ⁇ 40 ° - 35 ° 35 ° - 30 ° 30 ° - 25 ° 25 ° - 20 ° 20 ° - 15 °
  • the x-ray tube must be designed so that the direction of the useful beam coincides with the direction of one of the beams on the cone jacket.
  • the X-rays generated in the target layer can run at different angles to the layer planes, the drawing showing the smallest angle ⁇ 1 and the largest angle ⁇ 2.
  • ⁇ 2 90 ° - ⁇ + ⁇ (2)
  • a is the relative atomic weight
  • Z is the atomic number of the metal from which the target layer is made.
  • ⁇ is the angle of incidence of the electrons, ie the angle that the direction of the electron beam 3 forms with the normal to the target layer. If the target layer consists of an alloy of two or more metals, the mass of the target layer per unit area is calculated by using each metal of the alloy calculates the value w according to equation (3) and the calculated values are weighted according to the respective alloy proportion.
  • the intensity of the X-ray radiation in the useful beam bundle is significantly greater than for an X-ray tube with a reflection anode, with which the angle between Electron incidence direction and beam exit direction is approx. 90 °.
  • the X-ray tube is operated at a voltage other than that for which it is designed, these intensity advantages decrease.
  • the x-ray tube comprises a tube bulb 5 made of glass, in which a cathode arrangement 6 and an anode arrangement 7 are located.
  • the anode arrangement comprises a transmission anode 2 which is fastened in a known manner to a rotor 8 which is rotatably mounted in the interior of the X-ray tube.
  • the rotor is driven by a stator arranged outside the glass bulb and not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the transmission anode comprises a carrier body 2 made of graphite and has a bowl or plate shape which is open towards the cathode arrangement 6.
  • a target layer 1 made of rhenium is applied to the carrier body 2. If the X-ray tube is intended for the purposes of computer tomography and is accordingly designed for an operating voltage of 150 kV and if the electron beam 3 strikes the layer at an angle of 40 ° with the normal direction, then the mass of this layer, based on the unit area, is according to equation (3) 0.024 g / cm2. This is achieved by a 11.5 ⁇ m thick rhenium layer.
  • the X-ray tube is located inside a housing, of which part of the housing wall 10 is shown in FIG. 2 only on the right side.
  • the housing wall comprises a lining made of an X-ray absorbing material, for example lead of sufficient thickness.
  • a radiation exit window 11 made of a material transparent to the X-rays, e.g. made of aluminum, so that useful radiation can only escape in this area.
  • the useful radiation then runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation at an angle of 30 ° to the direction of the electron beam.
  • an almost flat fan-shaped bundle of rays is masked out perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 2 through the radiation exit window. In this case, the main direction of expansion of the radiation exit window likewise runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the invention was explained above on the basis of a rotating anode X-ray tube with a glass bulb intended for medical examinations, the invention can also be used in other embodiments.
  • a fixed anode can be used instead of a rotating anode.
  • an X-ray tube with a glass bulb an X-ray tube with a metal bulb can also be used, in which the cathode and / or anode are connected to the metal bulb via insulators.
  • the X-ray tube can also be used for non-destructive examinations in the industrial sector; In the range of tube voltages (200 - 500 kV) used for this purpose, the efficiency is particularly high.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP93202435A 1992-08-27 1993-08-18 Tube à rayons X ayant une anode en mode de transmission Expired - Lifetime EP0584871B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4228559 1992-08-27
DE4228559A DE4228559A1 (de) 1992-08-27 1992-08-27 Röntgenröhre mit einer Transmissionsanode

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584871A1 true EP0584871A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
EP0584871B1 EP0584871B1 (fr) 1996-11-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93202435A Expired - Lifetime EP0584871B1 (fr) 1992-08-27 1993-08-18 Tube à rayons X ayant une anode en mode de transmission

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0584871B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06162972A (fr)
DE (2) DE4228559A1 (fr)

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1146542A1 (fr) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-17 General Electric Company Apparei et procédé pour augmenter la puissance d'un tube à rayons X par charge thermique de la cible
US6421422B1 (en) 1999-08-25 2002-07-16 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for increasing X-ray tube power per target thermal load
WO2004053919A3 (fr) * 2002-12-11 2004-12-29 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Source de rayons x permettant de produire des rayons x monochromatiques
WO2004097886A3 (fr) * 2003-04-25 2005-07-28 Cxr Ltd Tubes a rayons x
US7349525B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2008-03-25 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources
WO2008136749A1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Lars Lantto Agencement destiné à générer un rayonnement de rayons x avec une grande focalisation réelle et une focalisation virtuelle ajustée en fonction des besoins
US7471769B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2008-12-30 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray source provided with a liquid metal target
EP2030218A2 (fr) * 2006-04-20 2009-03-04 Multi-Dimensional Imaging, Inc. Tube à rayons x comportant une anode de transmission
US7512215B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2009-03-31 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube electron sources
US7564939B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2009-07-21 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Control means for heat load in X-ray scanning apparatus
DE102008007413A1 (de) 2008-02-04 2009-08-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Röntgentarget
US8085897B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2011-12-27 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanning system
US8094784B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2012-01-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources
US8824637B2 (en) 2008-09-13 2014-09-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tubes
US8885794B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2014-11-11 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tomographic inspection system for the identification of specific target items
US9048061B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2015-06-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners and X-ray sources therefor
US9113839B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2015-08-25 Rapiscon Systems, Inc. X-ray inspection system and method
US9183647B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2015-11-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Imaging, data acquisition, data transmission, and data distribution methods and systems for high data rate tomographic X-ray scanners
US9208988B2 (en) 2005-10-25 2015-12-08 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Graphite backscattered electron shield for use in an X-ray tube
US9218933B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-12-22 Rapidscan Systems, Inc. Low-dose radiographic imaging system
US9223050B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2015-12-29 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray imaging system having improved mobility
US9223049B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2015-12-29 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Cargo scanning system with boom structure
US9263225B2 (en) 2008-07-15 2016-02-16 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube anode comprising a coolant tube
US9332624B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2016-05-03 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Gantry scanner systems
US9420677B2 (en) 2009-01-28 2016-08-16 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube electron sources
US9618648B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2017-04-11 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners
US9675306B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2017-06-13 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanning system
US9726619B2 (en) 2005-10-25 2017-08-08 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Optimization of the source firing pattern for X-ray scanning systems
US9791590B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2017-10-17 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Portable security inspection system
US10007019B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2018-06-26 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Compact mobile cargo scanning system
US10295483B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2019-05-21 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Data collection, processing and storage systems for X-ray tomographic images
US10483077B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2019-11-19 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources having reduced electron scattering
US10585207B2 (en) 2008-02-28 2020-03-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Scanning systems
US10585206B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2020-03-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Method and system for a multi-view scanner
US10591424B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2020-03-17 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tomographic inspection systems for the identification of specific target items
US11212902B2 (en) 2020-02-25 2021-12-28 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Multiplexed drive systems and methods for a multi-emitter X-ray source
US11551903B2 (en) 2020-06-25 2023-01-10 American Science And Engineering, Inc. Devices and methods for dissipating heat from an anode of an x-ray tube assembly
US12181422B2 (en) 2019-09-16 2024-12-31 Rapiscan Holdings, Inc. Probabilistic image analysis
US12618998B2 (en) 2022-09-16 2026-05-05 Rapiscan Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for generating high-energy three-dimensional computed tomography images of bulk materials

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DE19860115C2 (de) * 1998-12-23 2000-11-30 Siemens Ag Drehröhre
WO2003051201A2 (fr) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Tomographie par ordinateur a anode spherique virtuelle
GB0309385D0 (en) 2003-04-25 2003-06-04 Cxr Ltd X-ray monitoring
US6928141B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2005-08-09 Rapiscan, Inc. Relocatable X-ray imaging system and method for inspecting commercial vehicles and cargo containers
DE102004013620B4 (de) 2004-03-19 2008-12-04 GE Homeland Protection, Inc., Newark Elektronenfenster für eine Flüssigmetallanode, Flüssigmetallanode, Röntgenstrahler und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Röntgenstrahlers
DE102004015590B4 (de) 2004-03-30 2008-10-09 GE Homeland Protection, Inc., Newark Anodenmodul für eine Flüssigmetallanoden-Röntgenquelle sowie Röntgenstrahler mit einem Anodenmodul
DE102005018342B4 (de) * 2005-04-20 2012-05-24 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung
GB0803641D0 (en) 2008-02-28 2008-04-02 Rapiscan Security Products Inc Scanning systems
JP5455880B2 (ja) * 2010-12-10 2014-03-26 キヤノン株式会社 放射線発生管、放射線発生装置ならびに放射線撮影装置
JP2012138203A (ja) * 2010-12-24 2012-07-19 Aet Inc Ｘ線発生装置とｘ線発生装置群を用いたｘ線照射装置

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US3894239A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-07-08 Raytheon Co Monochromatic x-ray generator
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EP0432568A2 (fr) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-19 General Electric Company Anode pour tube à rayons X et tube l'utilisant

Cited By (58)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6421422B1 (en) 1999-08-25 2002-07-16 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for increasing X-ray tube power per target thermal load
EP1146542A1 (fr) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-17 General Electric Company Apparei et procédé pour augmenter la puissance d'un tube à rayons X par charge thermique de la cible
US7471769B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2008-12-30 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray source provided with a liquid metal target
US10007019B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2018-06-26 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Compact mobile cargo scanning system
US10670769B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2020-06-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Compact mobile cargo scanning system
US9223049B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2015-12-29 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Cargo scanning system with boom structure
WO2004053919A3 (fr) * 2002-12-11 2004-12-29 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Source de rayons x permettant de produire des rayons x monochromatiques
US7436931B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2008-10-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray source for generating monochromatic x-rays
US9442082B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2016-09-13 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray inspection system and method
US8885794B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2014-11-11 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tomographic inspection system for the identification of specific target items
US7505563B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2009-03-17 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources
US7512215B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2009-03-31 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube electron sources
US7564939B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2009-07-21 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Control means for heat load in X-ray scanning apparatus
US10175381B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2019-01-08 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners having source points with less than a predefined variation in brightness
US7664230B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2010-02-16 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tubes
US7903789B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2011-03-08 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube electron sources
US8085897B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2011-12-27 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanning system
US8094784B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2012-01-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources
US11796711B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2023-10-24 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Modular CT scanning system
US9618648B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2017-04-11 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners
US10483077B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2019-11-19 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources having reduced electron scattering
US9113839B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2015-08-25 Rapiscon Systems, Inc. X-ray inspection system and method
US9183647B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2015-11-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Imaging, data acquisition, data transmission, and data distribution methods and systems for high data rate tomographic X-ray scanners
WO2004097886A3 (fr) * 2003-04-25 2005-07-28 Cxr Ltd Tubes a rayons x
GB2417822A (en) * 2003-04-25 2006-03-08 Cxr Ltd X-ray tubes
US9675306B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2017-06-13 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanning system
US9747705B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2017-08-29 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Imaging, data acquisition, data transmission, and data distribution methods and systems for high data rate tomographic X-ray scanners
US10901112B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2021-01-26 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanning system with stationary x-ray sources
US7349525B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2008-03-25 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources
US10591424B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2020-03-17 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tomographic inspection systems for the identification of specific target items
US9223050B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2015-12-29 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray imaging system having improved mobility
US9208988B2 (en) 2005-10-25 2015-12-08 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Graphite backscattered electron shield for use in an X-ray tube
US9726619B2 (en) 2005-10-25 2017-08-08 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Optimization of the source firing pattern for X-ray scanning systems
US9638646B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2017-05-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners and X-ray sources therefor
US10295483B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2019-05-21 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Data collection, processing and storage systems for X-ray tomographic images
US10976271B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2021-04-13 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Stationary tomographic X-ray imaging systems for automatically sorting objects based on generated tomographic images
US9048061B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2015-06-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners and X-ray sources therefor
EP2030218A2 (fr) * 2006-04-20 2009-03-04 Multi-Dimensional Imaging, Inc. Tube à rayons x comportant une anode de transmission
WO2008136749A1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Lars Lantto Agencement destiné à générer un rayonnement de rayons x avec une grande focalisation réelle et une focalisation virtuelle ajustée en fonction des besoins
DE102008007413A1 (de) 2008-02-04 2009-08-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Röntgentarget
US10585207B2 (en) 2008-02-28 2020-03-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Scanning systems
US11275194B2 (en) 2008-02-28 2022-03-15 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Scanning systems
US12386097B2 (en) 2008-02-28 2025-08-12 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Scanning systems
US11768313B2 (en) 2008-02-28 2023-09-26 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Multi-scanner networked systems for performing material discrimination processes on scanned objects
US10098214B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2018-10-09 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Detector support structures for gantry scanner systems
US9332624B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2016-05-03 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Gantry scanner systems
US9263225B2 (en) 2008-07-15 2016-02-16 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube anode comprising a coolant tube
US8824637B2 (en) 2008-09-13 2014-09-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tubes
US9420677B2 (en) 2009-01-28 2016-08-16 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray tube electron sources
US9218933B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-12-22 Rapidscan Systems, Inc. Low-dose radiographic imaging system
US11550077B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2023-01-10 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Portable vehicle inspection portal with accompanying workstation
US10317566B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2019-06-11 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Portable security inspection system
US9791590B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2017-10-17 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Portable security inspection system
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EP0584871B1 (fr) 1996-11-20
DE59304524D1 (de) 1997-01-02
DE4228559A1 (de) 1994-03-03
JPH06162972A (ja) 1994-06-10

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