EP0588179B1 - Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande - Google Patents

Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588179B1
EP0588179B1 EP93114114A EP93114114A EP0588179B1 EP 0588179 B1 EP0588179 B1 EP 0588179B1 EP 93114114 A EP93114114 A EP 93114114A EP 93114114 A EP93114114 A EP 93114114A EP 0588179 B1 EP0588179 B1 EP 0588179B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixer
oscillator
antenna
circuit arrangement
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93114114A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0588179A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig
Bernhard Dipl.-Ing. Schweizer
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Reber
Heinz-Peter Dr. Feldle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz Aerospace AG filed Critical Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0588179A1 publication Critical patent/EP0588179A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0588179B1 publication Critical patent/EP0588179B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/42—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means using frequency-mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operation a broadband phased array antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a phased array antenna consists of several generally individual antennas arranged in a matrix, which are designed as transmitting and / or receiving antennas. Now, for example, a common to these individual antennas Transmitted signal, so is the direction of the the transmission signal emitted by the group antenna (transmitting lobe) of the electrical set between the individual antennas Phase differences dependent. The same applies to the so-called reception lobe of the group antenna when receiving electromagnetic signals.
  • From US 4,749,995 is an electronically controllable phase-controlled radar antenna known. It is for the Send / receive signals from adjacent send / receive arrays creates a phase difference. For that, a mixer used, at one input a modulated (transmit) Signal is present. The other input is electronic via one controllable phase shifter another signal fed. The output signal of the mixer is the Send and the receive path fed. With one Arrangement is an electronically controlled pivoting of the Send / receive direction possible.
  • the invention has for its object a generic Specify circuitry that allows using an inexpensive to manufacture and precisely adjustable Phase actuator producing a broadband as possible Group antenna with a highly precise swiveling To implement transmitting and / or receiving lobe.
  • a first advantage of the invention is dap one Phase actuator is used, which is essentially on a frequency is tuned.
  • Such a phase actuator is inexpensive and can be reliably produced in particular in an industrial mass production and in reproducible Way a high phase and amplitude accuracy.
  • a second advantage is that when adjusting the Phase actuator possibly occurring amplitude changes at most negligible changes effect the transmitting and / or receiving lobe.
  • a third advantage is that the transmit and / or Reception lobe (directional characteristic) of the group antenna highly accurate and with a high main to secondary lobe ratio can be adjusted and that this setting essentially in the entire swivel range of the transmission and / or receiving lobe is retained.
  • a fourth advantage is that with a single Group antenna several transmitting and / or receiving lobes independently are pivotable from each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows a proposed circuit arrangement works with a broadband phase actuator, which can be produced in monolithic technology and which are particularly useful for operating an active and / or receiving) individual antenna is suitable.
  • Such active single antenna consists of a passive transmission and / or individual reception antenna which is directed to the one to be transmitted and / or frequency band to be received, e.g. the frequency range from 11 GHz to 13 GHz.
  • a transmitter and / or receiver amplifier in the immediate vicinity coupled.
  • Such an example active single antenna can be connected to the following P4 designated input / output port can be connected.
  • a signal to be sent in a first Intermediate frequency range e.g. a center frequency of 3 GHz and has a bandwidth of 2 GHz.
  • This Intermediate frequency signal passes through a matched Bandpass filter BPZF on an input of a first Mixer M1, e.g. as a bidirectional mixer, e.g. is designed as a diode mixer.
  • a first Mixer M1 e.g. as a bidirectional mixer, e.g. is designed as a diode mixer.
  • the first mixer M1 is one of an oscillator OSC generated oscillator signal which e.g. a frequency of 9 GHz.
  • One takes place in the first mixer M1 so-called upmixing, so that a signal in the already mentioned first intermediate frequency range arises.
  • This signal passes through another adapted to it Bandpass filter BPA and a phase actuator PH to the already mentioned input / output port P4 and can be connected to an active Single antenna can be connected.
  • the oscillator signal is further branched VER Transmit / receive modules provided so phase coherence is guaranteed. This is shown in FIG. 1 through the connecting lines starting from the VER branch shown.
  • the circuit arrangement is also in the opposite direction usable, that is, from one at the input / output port P4 received signal is through a so-called downmixing in the first mixer M1 in the first intermediate frequency range implemented and then lies for further processing at the input / output port P1.
  • phase actuator PH must be very broadband, at least that is the entire frequency range of the transmission or Receive frequency must include.
  • Adjustment of the phase control element PH has a high amplitude and phase accuracy can be achieved. These demands are at the same time at high cost to meet and require high circuit and space requirement for the phase actuator PH. Farther is a high effort for calibration, i.e. the Compensation for possible phase and amplitude errors in the Individual modules required.
  • phase actuator PH is arranged in the oscillator path.
  • One of those Phase actuator PH downstream amplifier V is used only for impedance matching and / or for decoupling the signals and to generate the necessary power to control mixer M1. This seemingly minor However, change has significant advantages. Because that Phase actuator advantageously only needs to a frequency, namely the oscillator frequency tuned become.
  • Such a phase actuator PH can e.g. as switchable filter structure according to FIG. 5 be formed.
  • Such a phase actuator necessarily has at least a phase shift of 360 °.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement in which in the oscillator path no phase actuator PH according to the figures 2 and 5 is required.
  • the one fed to the first mixer M1 Oscillator signal is also mixed generated.
  • a signal e.g. generated with a frequency of 6 GHz.
  • This becomes one first input of a second mixer M2, e.g. Likewise a diode mixer is supplied.
  • that will Signal of the oscillator OSC also all other active ones Transmit / receive modules provided so that the Phase coherence is guaranteed.
  • the DDS synthesizer generates a signal, e.g. at a fixed frequency of 3 GHz, which is the frequency and phase of a reference oscillator REF transmitted signal is coupled.
  • This signal is common to all S / E modules (coherence).
  • the output signal generated by the synthesizer DDS is connected to a second input of the second mixer M2.
  • the actual oscillator signal then arises at its output, that e.g. has a frequency of 9 GHz. Because of this mixture, this is the actual oscillator signal within wide limits both in frequency, e.g. from 8 GHz to 10 GHz, as well as in the phase position, changeable with high precision.
  • This actual oscillator signal is then via a bandpass filter BPOS and a (driver) amplifier V fed to the first mixer Ml.
  • the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 enables in an advantageous manner Way, exactly repeatable and fast Setting the frequency and phase of the actual Oscillator signal, e.g. with the help of a not shown Data processing system (microprocessor), by which e.g. the synthesizer DDS and the oscillator OSC is adjusted.
  • a circuit arrangement e.g. a quick change in the frequency of the actual Oscillator signal possible, e.g. a so-called Multi-beam operation in time-division multiplex operation is possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary circuit arrangement for Driving a single (active) single antenna EA with for example three different intermediate frequency signals ZF1 to ZF3, which are characterized by their center frequency differentiate and are present at the inputs P1 to P3.
  • These intermediate frequency signals pass through associated Bandpass filter BPZF 1 to BPZF 3 to the first inputs of the first mixer M11 to M13.
  • BPZF 1 to BPZF 3 Bandpass filter
  • OS 1 to OS 3 On by the output of a single oscillator OSC are derived.
  • the oscillator signals OS 1 to OS 3 therefore all have the same frequency, but different Phases by the phase actuators PH 1 to PH 3 are adjustable.
  • the amplifier V 1 to V 3 serve, according to FIG.
  • the output signals of the first mixer M 11 to M 13 pass through the associated BPA bandpasses 1 to BPA 3 on a coupling element KO, e.g. one out of several Couplers existing branching arrangement.
  • a coupling element KO e.g. one out of several Couplers existing branching arrangement.
  • the individual antenna EA is connected to P4.
  • the circuit arrangement described thus consists of a Coupling of several, here three, circuit arrangements according to FIG.2 to a single antenna EA.
  • this can advantageously with three different transmitters simultaneously and / or receiving lobes are operated. These are advantageous completely independent of each other and can therefore e.g. in three different directions at the same time send and / or receive. In this case it is only a one-time adjustment of the phase actuators is required.
  • Such a group antenna is e.g. as a directional radio antenna usable with the three different at the same time fixed directions independent of each other can be sent and / or received if the first mixer M 11 to M 13 as a bidirectional mixer are trained.
  • the existing one is otherwise very complex Signal processor through a more cost-effective design be replaced.
  • the described exemplary embodiments enable in particular at high frequencies, e.g. 12 GHz, working Radar systems in close proximity to a (Single) antenna an advantageous frequency conversion in a lower IF frequency position, e.g. 3 GHz.
  • This will further signal processing, e.g. Processing of Transmitting and / or receiving signals, greatly simplified, because disruptive effects of possibly existing phase errors occur at most in a negligible form on.
  • the low IF frequency range is advantageous a cheaper production of the signal processing system mentioned possible because the required components and assemblies are cheaper.
  • circuit arrangements are advantageous can be integrated monolithically on a chip, so that spatial compact and mechanically robust units can be manufactured are who work reliably and reproducibly.
  • FIG. 5 shows exemplary embodiments for a phase actuator PH (FIG. 2, FIG. 4) which is suitable for a frequency of 5 GHz to 6 GHz and a phase shift of 360 ° and which can also be integrated monolithically.
  • the exemplary embodiments show switched filter structures (left part of FIG. 5) which contain field effect transistors and can therefore be used both as high-pass HP and as low-pass LP. Switching takes place using switching voltages U 1 , U 2 . In the right part of FIG. 5 the associated functional principles are shown.
  • the invention is not based on the exemplary embodiments described limited, but applicable to others.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Circuit de commande d'une antenne multiple à large bande commandée en phase, qui se compose de plusieurs antennes élémentaires à large bande,
    à chaque antenne élémentaire pouvant être appliqué un signal d'antenne associé et dans le cas d'antennes élémentaires adjacentes, les signaux d'antenne qui appartiennent à une fréquence se différencient par une différence de phase,
    à chaque antenne élémentaire est associé un dispositif de mélange, se composant au moins d'un premier mélangeur, qui est relié à une extrémité d'un trajet de fréquence intermédiaire, d'un trajet d'oscillateur et d'un trajet d'antenne,
    dans le dispositif de mélange est prévu un circuit limiteur d'amplitude et
    dans le trajet d'oscillateur est prévu un élément de réglage de phase réglable selon la différence de phase entre les signaux d'antenne, caractérisé,
    en ce que l'élément de réglage de phase (PH) se compose au moins
    d'un second mélangeur (M2), dont la première entrée est reliée à l'oscillateur (OSC) du trajet d'oscillateur et dont la sortie est couplée à une entrée d'oscillateur du premier mélangeur (M1), et
    d'un oscillateur auxiliaire (DDS), qui est relié à la seconde entrée du second mélangeur (M2) et dont la fréquence et la phase sont réglables et couplés à celle de l'oscillateur (OSC), la fréquence et la phase étant choisies de façon correspondante à la différence de phase à régler,
    en ce qu'en vue de la commande d'une antenne élémentaire (EA) avec un nombre prédéterminé de signaux de fréquence intermédiaire différents, sont prévus des trajets de fréquence intermédiaire correspondants à ceux-ci,
    en ce que pour chaque trajet de fréquence intermédiaire est prévu un dispositif de mélange,
    en ce que les trajets d'oscillateur des dispositifs de mélange sont réunis et reliés à un oscillateur (OSC) et
    en ce que les trajets d'antenne des dispositifs de mélange sont réunis par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de couplage ((KO) et sont couplés aux antennes élémentaires (EA).
  2. Circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'oscillateur auxiliaire (DDS) est réalisé sous la forme d'un synthétiseur numérique.
  3. Circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier mélangeur (M1) est réalisé sous la forme d'un mélangeur bidirectionnel.
  4. Circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mélange est réalisé sous la forme d'un circuit monolithique.
  5. Circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne multiple est réalisée sous la forme d'une antenne radar.
  6. Circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne multiple est réalisée sous la forme d'une antenne directive.
  7. Circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne multiple est dimensionnée pour un fonctionnement à fréquences multiples.
  8. Circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une des fréquences intermédiaires est dimensionnée pour la bande radar.
EP93114114A 1992-09-10 1993-09-03 Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande Expired - Lifetime EP0588179B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4230252 1992-09-10
DE4230252A DE4230252A1 (de) 1992-09-10 1992-09-10 Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer breitbandigen phasengesteuerten Gruppenantenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0588179A1 EP0588179A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
EP0588179B1 true EP0588179B1 (fr) 1999-01-27

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EP93114114A Expired - Lifetime EP0588179B1 (fr) 1992-09-10 1993-09-03 Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande

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EP (1) EP0588179B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4230252A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5142650A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-08-25 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Bottom electrode for a direct current arc furnace
CN1316835C (zh) 1994-11-04 2007-05-16 安德鲁公司 天线控制系统
US6239744B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2001-05-29 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Remote tilt antenna system
DE10104564C1 (de) 2001-02-01 2002-09-19 Kathrein Werke Kg Steuerungsvorrichtung zum Einstellen eines unterschiedlichen Absenkwinkels insbesondere von zu einer Basisstation gehörenden Mobilfunkantennen sowie eine zugehörige Antenne und Verfahren zur Veränderung eines Absenkwinkels
US6573875B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2003-06-03 Andrew Corporation Antenna system
DE10130764C1 (de) * 2001-06-26 2002-11-07 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Integrierte HF-Schaltung zur Amplitudenbeeinflussung von Signalen
US7557675B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2009-07-07 Radiacion Y Microondas, S.A. Broad band mechanical phase shifter

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750175A (en) * 1967-12-14 1973-07-31 Texas Instruments Inc Modular electronics communication system
US4749995A (en) * 1985-02-26 1988-06-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Phased array radar antenna system
EP0359238A3 (fr) * 1988-09-13 1991-05-22 Nec Corporation Réseau d'antennes avec des unités à circuits intégrés à conversion de fréquence intermédiaire connectant les éléments d'antenne avec un réunificateur de signaux
US4951060A (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Dual frequency transmit-receive module for an active aperture radar system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59309339D1 (de) 1999-03-11
EP0588179A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
DE4230252A1 (de) 1994-03-17

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