EP0591674A2 - Utilisation des plantes ou de leurs parties de famille de meliaceae comme des agents de protection ayant une activité fongicide - Google Patents

Utilisation des plantes ou de leurs parties de famille de meliaceae comme des agents de protection ayant une activité fongicide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0591674A2
EP0591674A2 EP93113676A EP93113676A EP0591674A2 EP 0591674 A2 EP0591674 A2 EP 0591674A2 EP 93113676 A EP93113676 A EP 93113676A EP 93113676 A EP93113676 A EP 93113676A EP 0591674 A2 EP0591674 A2 EP 0591674A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plants
active ingredient
use according
synonym
fruits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93113676A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0591674A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Lehmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebr Schaette KG
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Gebr Schaette KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebr Schaette KG filed Critical Gebr Schaette KG
Publication of EP0591674A2 publication Critical patent/EP0591674A2/fr
Publication of EP0591674A3 publication Critical patent/EP0591674A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of crop protection and more particularly to crop protection agents with a fungicidal action, i.e. to combat the infestation of crop plants with pathogenic fungi or the damage caused by pathogenic fungi.
  • seedling diseases of beets are caused by seed and soil-borne fungi.
  • the soil-borne mushrooms accumulate when the crop rotation distance is too short and are spread over the rest of the field by machine tillage, initially starting from herds.
  • the fungal disease known as 'root fire'
  • the disease manifests itself through the 'falling over' of the seedlings (falling beet disease), caused by constrictions just below the surface of the soil.
  • Early infections can kill the seedlings before they emerge. Inhibitions of growth can also result from browning of the root tips and damage to the side roots - hence the name of the disease as 'root fire'.
  • the conventional control of root fire is carried out by adding fungicides to the seed coating substances.
  • the toxicological concerns of conventional additives make research into alternatives appear desirable.
  • carbamates carbamates
  • TMTD fungicide thiocarbamates
  • PSM plant protection products
  • carbofuran in water protection zones some of the currently active ingredients for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural seeds belong, such as carbamates (carbofuran insecticide) and thiocarbamates (TMTD fungicide), which are used to secure the initial development of the seedlings against soil-borne pests and soil-borne or seed-borne pathogens , on plant protection products (PSM) that are banned from use, such as carbofuran in water protection zones.
  • PSM plant protection products
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a plant protection product which, with a pronounced, significant fungicidal action, does not have the mentioned disadvantages and limitations of the known conventional fungicides (environmental intolerance, harmful to health, development of resistance of the pathogenic fungi combated) or only to a reduced extent. It would be particularly desirable to create such fungicidal plant protection products based on natural products; Natural substances have the advantage that the effect usually starts from several components and synergistically, additively and also attacks the pathogen or the resistance at different sites of action the crop can induce against the pathogen.
  • the above object is achieved according to the invention by the use of plants or parts of plants from the neem tree (Antelaea azadirachta, synonym: Melia azadirachta L., synonym: Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) Or Persian lilac (Melia azedarach L., synonym: M. sempervirens Sw., synonym: M. japonica Don.) as an active ingredient in plant protection products with a fungicidal action, for inhibiting the infestation or damage to crops with or by phytopathogenic fungi.
  • German patent 3,631,858 discloses the use of seeds of the neem tree as a mother tincture for liquefying viscous mucus and viscous secretions, particularly in bronchial asthma.
  • German patent 3 809 427 discloses the use of Neem tree seeds for the prophylaxis and therapy of viral infections.
  • the present invention is based on the knowledge that plants or parts of plants of the Meliaceen neem tree and Persian lilac contain ingredients with a pronounced fungicidal action.
  • the neem kernels and the fruits of the Persian lilac have proven to be interesting because of their active ingredient content with a fungicidal action.
  • the use in the form of active ingredient concentrates obtained from the Neem tree parts, in particular Neem tree kernels or from the Persian lilac, in particular the fruits of the Persian lilac, by processing extraction is intended.
  • the meliaceen-based fungicide preparations according to the invention are natural substances with the abovementioned advantages compared to conventional, synthetic crop protection agents: synergistic, additive and these substances, which act at different sites of action of the pathogen, and which at the same time can also have the resistance-inducing effect mentioned.
  • extracts of different purity and enrichment levels obtained by aqueous or alcoholic extraction preparation is particularly advantageous.
  • the specified meliacs (neem tree and Persian lilac) are also suitable with other parts of the plant, such as pulp, leaves, roots, wood, inner and outer bark, for use as effective fungicidal crop protection agents.
  • the fungicide preparations according to the invention can preferably be used in the pilling process by incorporation into conventional seed coating substances in order to prevent the seedlings from attacking by seed or soil-borne seeds protect pathogenic fungi.
  • the preparations in aqueous composition can also be applied directly to the developed plants as spray liquors, for protection against infection or for reducing the damage to plants which have already been infected.
  • the effect of the use of meliaceen extracts according to the invention for reducing seedling diseases in beets by root fire exciters was particularly investigated.
  • NKE Neem-Kernel-Extract
  • Rhizoctonia solani - one of the pathogens belonging to the root fire pathogen complex - could be considerably reduced.
  • the ED50 value - i.e. the concentration of a fungicidal substance at which the pathogenic fungus only reaches 50% of the growth compared to the control group - was at a concentration of 100 mg / l, but significant growth inhibitions could already be detected when using 1 mg / l.
  • the other pathogens belonging to the root fire pathogen complex such as Pythium ultimum, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Phoma betae, Alternaria tenuis and Fusarium, could also be significantly inhibited in growth by using the enriched NKE according to the invention, as was found in greenhouse and field tests.
  • the infestation-reducing effect does not appear to be linked to a single active substance, and that an additive or synergistic effect appears to be present in various active substance components contained in the specified meliaceen. Due to the complexity of the substances contained in the extracts, multilayered complementary and synergistic effects are possible, e.g. also an inhibition of nitrification.
  • the invention also relates to processes for the production of active ingredient concentrates for use as intended as a fungicide, and to a crop protection agent with a fungicidal action comprising an active ingredient content of the specified meliacs, in preparation for use as a fungicidal crop protection agent.
  • the following manufacturing examples relate specifically to products made from neem kernels (manufacturing examples I to V) or from fruits of Persian lilac (manufacturing examples VI and VII), to strengthen the plant and reduce it of phytopathogenic fungi that cause root fire.
  • production examples I to V or from fruits of Persian lilac (manufacturing examples VI and VII)
  • Peeled or unshelled neem cores are crushed in a cold press, whereby a large part of the oil can be separated at the same time.
  • the simplest type of production is followed by a water extraction (3 in FIG. 1) of approximately 5 to 7 hours, in which 500 g of neem cores are extracted in 10 liters of water by shaking, stirring or simply soaking and a sediment is formed in the idle state .
  • the supernatant liquid is filtered off and forms, as 'crude extract W' (4 in FIG. 1), a first active ingredient concentrate which can be used for the purposes of the invention.
  • this crude extract is immediately ready for use and can be applied in this form as a fungicide preparation, cf. Example III below.
  • a homogenization in petrol (in Fig. 1) can be carried out in order to extract any residual oil, as a preliminary stage for obtaining more highly purified and thus more effective active ingredient concentrates according to the invention.
  • stirring extraction with ethanol or methanol (6 in FIG. 1), for example five repeated 20-hour extraction, followed by vacuum drying (7 in FIG. 1), resulting in a 'crude extract I' (8 in Fig. 1) is obtained, which in turn can be used directly as such, for example in the pilling or spraying process, but which in particular can serve as a starting material for further refining.
  • ethanol or methanol 6 in FIG. 1
  • vacuum drying (7 in FIG. 1) resulting in a 'crude extract I' (8 in Fig. 1) is obtained, which in turn can be used directly as such, for example in the pilling or spraying process, but which in particular can serve as a starting material for further refining.
  • the stirring extraction 6 as a five-time 20-hour extraction, the first two extractions - starting from 500 g cores - each give approximately 20 g extract, the following three extractions approximately 7 g extract each.
  • a further embodiment of the example can be used for further refining in the following manner:
  • the 'crude extract I' obtained as above (8 in FIG. 1) is slurried in water at 9 and subjected to a first liquid-liquid extraction in petrol-petrol at 10, that is, it is shaken out in petrol-petrol to remove any remaining oil.
  • the petrol-gasoline phase is discarded at 11.
  • This first liquid-liquid extraction gives an 'oil-free crude extract II' (12 in Fig. 1).
  • the 'enriched crude extract III' (16 in FIG. 1) obtained as the end product in production example II serves here as the starting product for a further cleaning treatment.
  • the redissolved 'crude extract III' is subjected to a first column chromatography (20 in Fig. 1) in a silica gel column, in which lipophilic substances with the eluent mixture petroleum ether: vinegar ester: methanol (800: 200: 50) as 'eluate I' ( 21 in Fig. 1) can be eliminated.
  • a second column chromatography with a mobile phase mixture of vinegar-ester: methanol (850: 150) 22 in FIG. 1)
  • a 'purified extract I' is obtained at 22, which in turn either alone or as an additive to the 'crude extracts I, II or III 'can be used.
  • Example IV The chromatography column used in Example IV is now cleaned with MeOH; in this third column chromatography run with MeOH (at 23 in Fig. 1) one obtains a 'purified extract II' (at 24 in Fig. 1). This 'purified extract II' has applicability to various diseases.
  • One of the extracts W, I to VI according to Preparation Examples I to VII is used as the active ingredient concentrate, specifically in the pilling process by incorporating the relevant extracts into conventional seed coating substances.
  • FIG. 2 shows the results of the tests in the form of a graphical representation showing the survival rate the beet plants pelleted with the extracts according to the invention and thus the effect of the fungicidal crop protection preparations according to the invention in comparison with conventional pelleting additives.
  • 2 shows the different pilling variants (with different preparations according to the invention in different concentrations and in comparison with conventional additives) on the ordinate on the left;
  • the result obtained is shown in the form of a bar in association with the abscissa, on which the number of beets accumulated for 100 beet seeds is plotted.
  • Extracts I to IV obtained in accordance with FIG. 1 are used in different mixtures depending on the requirements and incorporated into the seed coating substances; here, an effective protection of the seedlings against the different fungi present was consistently achieved.
  • the advantageous results were also tested on cereals and in vegetable growing on crops propagated via seeds.
  • This example relates to the use of crop protection compositions according to the invention in the spray process, specifically for protection against phytophthora in potato and tomato plants.
  • the aqueous crude extract W (4 according to FIG. 1) is already ready for use and can be applied directly; Good wetting of the leaves when used against phytophthora in tomatoes is the prerequisite for successful control. Depending on the infestation pressure, it may be appropriate to repeat the spraying after a few days.
  • non-aqueous extracts are brought into an aqueous phase and then sprayed uniformly onto the plant stand in the form of a spray (depending on the fungus and its stage and on the growth stage of the plant).
  • potato and tomato of the enriched crude extract III should be applied with 600 g / ha in 1000 l, or a mixture of crude extracts I, II and III as well as additives of the purified extracts I or II (depending on the degree of contamination and the stage of development of the crop).
  • Corresponding applications relate to apple scab, cucumber powdery mildew, powdery mildew on gooseberries and rust on celery, and also against cereal mushrooms, for example powdery mildew.
  • treatment with the crop protection preparations according to the invention achieved significant effects which are comparable to those of conventional crop protection preparations which are however indicated for reasons of health or environmental protection or whose use is restricted.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
EP19930113676 1992-09-07 1993-08-26 Use of meliaceae plants or parts of these plants as plant protecting agent with fungicidal activity Withdrawn EP0591674A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4229815 1992-09-07
DE19924229815 DE4229815A1 (de) 1992-09-07 1992-09-07 Verwendung von Meliaceen-Pflanzen bzw. - Pflanzenteilen als Pflanzenschutzmittel mit fungizider Wirkungsrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0591674A2 true EP0591674A2 (fr) 1994-04-13
EP0591674A3 EP0591674A3 (en) 1994-07-27

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EP19930113676 Withdrawn EP0591674A3 (en) 1992-09-07 1993-08-26 Use of meliaceae plants or parts of these plants as plant protecting agent with fungicidal activity

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EP (1) EP0591674A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4229815A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002043495A1 (fr) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-06 Bayer Cropscience Ag Combinaisons de principes actifs fongicides
WO2011138570A1 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Extraits de bois durables amazoniens, leur procédé d'obtention, et leur utilisation comme agent biocide
PT109187A (pt) * 2016-02-25 2017-08-25 Barroso Tavares Manuel Produto inseticida e fungicida biológico para uso agrícola
US20220159971A1 (en) * 2019-03-01 2022-05-26 Hi-Ag Group, Ltd. Plant and Soil Amendment Composition and Method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10037670C2 (de) * 2000-07-26 2003-03-06 Kreactiv Gmbh Pflanzenschutzmittel auf Naturstoffbasis

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2013754C (fr) * 1989-12-26 2000-02-29 James Charles Locke Huile de margousier a feuilles de frene extraite en milieu hydrophobe - un nouveau produit insecticide et fongicide
CA2039918C (fr) * 1991-01-03 2001-01-02 James Frederic Walter Compositions pesticides derivees de l'huile de margousier et de fractions de cires de margousier nouveau

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002043495A1 (fr) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-06 Bayer Cropscience Ag Combinaisons de principes actifs fongicides
US6884798B2 (en) 2000-12-01 2005-04-26 Bayer Cropscience Ag Fungicidal agent combinations
WO2011138570A1 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Extraits de bois durables amazoniens, leur procédé d'obtention, et leur utilisation comme agent biocide
PT109187A (pt) * 2016-02-25 2017-08-25 Barroso Tavares Manuel Produto inseticida e fungicida biológico para uso agrícola
US20220159971A1 (en) * 2019-03-01 2022-05-26 Hi-Ag Group, Ltd. Plant and Soil Amendment Composition and Method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4229815A1 (de) 1994-03-10
EP0591674A3 (en) 1994-07-27

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