EP0595898A1 - Farbentklebung und ausflockungszusammensetzung und verfahren - Google Patents

Farbentklebung und ausflockungszusammensetzung und verfahren

Info

Publication number
EP0595898A1
EP0595898A1 EP92915655A EP92915655A EP0595898A1 EP 0595898 A1 EP0595898 A1 EP 0595898A1 EP 92915655 A EP92915655 A EP 92915655A EP 92915655 A EP92915655 A EP 92915655A EP 0595898 A1 EP0595898 A1 EP 0595898A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
methyl
component
poly
aluminum
propanol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92915655A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilbert J. Roberts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel Corp
Original Assignee
Henkel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Corp filed Critical Henkel Corp
Publication of EP0595898A1 publication Critical patent/EP0595898A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/71—Paint detackifiers or coagulants, e.g. for the treatment of oversprays in paint spraying installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/14—Paint wastes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to compositions and processes for both detackifying and flocculating paint entrained in water, particularly circulating water in a conventional spray booth, to produce a flocculated sludge that floats on the circulating water from which it has been flocculated.
  • "Paint” as used herein is to be understood as a generic term which encompasses all common varieties of water insoluble organic binder containing coatings commonly applied in spraying operations, including but not limited to oil based paints, enamels, lacquers, high solids solvent based automotive body base coat, high solids solvent based automotive body clear coat, water borne auto body base and clear coats, urethane polymer containing auto body top coats, and solvent and water borne primers.
  • paints may utilize asphaltic, acrylic, polyester, melamine-form- aldehyde, isocyanate, epoxy, alkyd, melamine alkyd, and blocked polyurethane resins among others, along with appropriate solvents, pigments, and ancillary additives.
  • Paint "overspray" the portion of the sprayed paint which does not fall on the surface(s) it is intended to protect, if left untreated, readily adheres to the walls of spray booths and any other surfaces that it contacts, such as the surfaces of water distribution piping, spray nozzles, and the like.
  • Use of a process according to this invention converts the paint overspray to a non-sticky sludge suitable for convenient disposal.
  • more up-to-date spray booth opera ⁇ tions generally are designed to produce paint sludge that, at least to a predominant extent and most preferably en- tirely, floats on the circulating water from which it is flocculated rather than sinks.
  • the floating sludge can then be skimmed more or less continuously from the circulating water systems, so that at best no shutdowns for sludge pit cleaning are ever required, and at worst such shutdowns are needed much less often than with the type of spray booth management where most or all of the sludge formed is denser than water.
  • Normal current commercial spray booth management that produces floating sludge, especially in high volume output automotive spray booths, requires additions of at least three separately supplied chemical compositions: a detack- ifier; a flocculant that is chemically different from the detackifier; and a basic (usually caustic) material to adjust the pH of the circulating water used in the spray booth.
  • the most widely used flocculants for such an opera ⁇ tion are normally supplied commercially as solvent con- taining polymer emulsions, which must be diluted with water before use to a concentration of only about 0.1 - 0.5 % of the concentration as supplied. The dilution process is time consuming and normally is repeated every day.
  • One object of the present inven- tion is to provide a single chemical composition that can be effectively used to achieve both flocculation and de- tackification if needed, while avoiding the mixing diffi ⁇ culties described above and producing sludge that largely floats on water.
  • U. S. Patent 4,686,047 of Aug. 11, 1987 to Arots teaches detackifying paint with water soluble polymers of N-dialkyldiallyamine hydrohalides and epihalohydrins. Sim ⁇ ple metal salts such as aluminum chloride and sulfate are taught as acceptable, although not preferred, optional ingredients.
  • ⁇ . S. Patent 4,440,647 of Apr. 3, 1984 to Puchalski teaches a detackifying composition comprising a water- dispersible polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin, another polymer formed by reaction of hexamethylene diamine and ethylene dichloride, and an amphoteric metal salt. The latter component may be aluminum chloride, although zinc salts are preferred.
  • U. S. Patent 4,566,986 of Jan. 28, 1986 to aldmann teaches flocculating agents that are inorganic polymers including divalent and trivalent metal atoms, optionally including aluminum.
  • No reference to paint detackifying has been noted in this reference, but it does describe floccu- lating acrylic sizing latex waste water, an application that might be considered somewhat analogous.
  • U. S. Patent 4,401,574 of Aug. 30, 1983 to Farrington et al teaches the use of polyaluminum chloride, optionally combined with acryla ide polymers that may include cationic acry a ide polymers, in flocculating aqueous waste process streams generated during the production of latex based paints.
  • acryla ide polymers that may include cationic acry a ide polymers
  • U. S. Patent 4,792,364 of Dec. 20, 1988 to Huang teaches a paint spray booth detackifying composition com ⁇ prising a mixture of melamine-formaldehyde polymers and polyvinyl alcohol polymers, optionally also including styrene-acrylate polymers.
  • U. S. Patent 4,401,574 of Aug. 30, 1983 to Farrington et al teaches the use of polyaluminum chloride, optionally combined with acryla ide polymers that may include cationic acry a ide polymers,
  • Patent 4,759,855 of July 26, 1988 to Kaiser teaches the use of inorganic detackifying agents including alkaline zinc compounds. Quaternary polymers are taught as optional but not preferred ingredients, along with clays and other materials, including aluminum oxide. ⁇ . S. Patent 4,629,572 of Dec. 16, 1986 to Leitz et al . teaches paint detackification with a composition in- eluding both a water dispersible polymer of urea or an a inotriazine with an aldehyde and a water swellable clay.
  • U. S. Patent 4,637,824 of Jan. 20, 1987 to Pominville teaches detackifying with a combination of an alkali metal silicate, an amphoteric metal salt, and a poly(diallyldi- alkylammoniu halide) .
  • Aluminum chloride is listed as one of three preferred amphoteric metal salts. Because of the silicate content, it is expected that the sludge produced by such a composition would sink in water rather than float on it, and silicate is an objectionable content of sludges that are to be used as fuel, a growing practice, because of the danger of forming glassy materials that will impede the operation of the fuel using burners.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a single water based liquid product composition suitable for both flocculating and detackifying paint entrained in water, to produce a sludge that will, to the extent of at least 60% of its total volume, or, with increasing preference, to the extent of 75%, 82 %, or 90% of its total volume, float on the entraining water from which it is flocculated.
  • the water based liquid composition comprises, or preferably consists essentially of, water and an effective amount of a combination of: (A) a component of water soluble and/or dispersible inor ⁇ ganic polymers of aluminum compounds, optionally in ⁇ cluding other metal ions, said polymers being prefer ⁇ ably selected from the group consisting of poly ⁇ alumi- num chloride ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum hydroxychloride ⁇ , poly- ⁇ aluminum hydroxysulfate ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum magnesium hy- droxysulfate ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminumhydroxysilicate sulfate ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminumhydroxysilicate chloride ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum hydroxysilicate phosphate ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum hydroxy ⁇ chloride ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum ferric hydroxychloride ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum ferrous hydroxychloride ⁇ , poly ⁇ aluminum (mixed ferric and ferrous)
  • the term "effective amount" for each of components (A) and (B) means an amount such that when the combination is dissolved and/or dis ⁇ persed at some concentration level in water containing dis- persed entrained paint, detackification and flocculation of the paint to produce a sludge that floats on water to the extent of at least 60 % of its total volume will occur.
  • the concentration of the detackifying and flocculating com ⁇ position that is needed to achieve this result varies sub- stantially with the conditions of painting, but normally an amount of the active detackifying and flocculating agent, i.e., of the combination of components (A) and (B) as described above (not including any water or other mater ⁇ ials that may be present in the sources used for the spec- ified ingredients), of between 0.2 grams per liter ("g/L”) and 25 g/L of circulating water would be preferable in a typical circulating water scrub system as used in a paint spray booth, with from 1 to 5 g/L even more preferable.
  • an amount of the active detackifying and flocculating agent i.e., of the combination of components (A) and (B) as described above (not including any water or other mater ⁇ ials that may be present in the sources used for the spec- ified ingredients
  • the ratio by weight between component (A) and component (B) is in the range from 12:1 to 1:5, more preferably in the range from 8:1 to 1:1, still more pref ⁇ erably in the range from 5.8:1 to 3.5:1. All these ratios are based on the specific ingredients as described above, not including any water or other materials that may be present in the sources used for the specified ingredients.
  • each of the three organic moieties, other than the distancing moiety, that is at ⁇ tached to the nitrogen atom in each quaternary nitrogen atom in the polymers used for component (B) as described above has no more than 4, 3, 2, or 1 carbon atoms.
  • suitable and preferred polymers for this inven ⁇ tion are those in which at least 25 % of the mass, more preferably at least 40 % of the mass, still more preferably at least 80 % of the mass, of the polymer is provided by repeating units conforming to the formula shown below:
  • R represents a divalent moiety derived by removing two hydrogen atoms from methane, ethane, propane, methyl propane, or butane; or R represents a divalent moiety derived by removing two hydrogen atoms, including the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group or one of the hydrogen atoms from the amino group, from methanol or methyl amine, ethanol or ethylamine, 1-propanol or 1- aminopropane, 2-propanol or 2-aminopropane, 2-methyl-l- propanol or 2-methyl-l-aminopropane, 2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methyl-2-aminopropane, 1-butanol or 1-aminobutane, or 2- butanol or 2-aminobutane; x is an integer from 0 to 10; and X represents an anion, preferably chloride or methylsul- fate.
  • R is ethylene and x is 0.
  • repeating units are preferably those derived from acrylamide.
  • Some polymers of these preferred types are commercially available, and oth ⁇ ers may be conveniently made by reacting polymers of acryl ⁇ amide, methacrylamide, and the like with formaldehyde and dialkyl or alkyl alkoxyl amines, then quaternizing by treatment with dimethyl sulfate or methyl chloride.
  • the paint sludge formed by detackification and flocculation according to this invention should be cap ⁇ able of being easily handled, by a human hand inside a thin latex glove, without sticking. Even more preferably, the sludge should remain non-tacky after being squeezed, rolled, and rubbed between the fingertips while held in such a gloved hand.
  • One reason for the superior perform ⁇ ance of compositions containing an inorganic aluminum con- taining polymer as required for this invention is that the sludge produced in a process using such a composition can resist more shear without becoming retackified.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a process for detackifying and flocculating paint by using a composition according to the invention as noted above, and still another embodiment is a concentrate, from which a composi ⁇ tion ready for direct use in a detackifying and flocculat ⁇ ing process as noted above, can be prepared by dilution with water.
  • Optional and preferred additional components for compositions according to the invention include: (C) water soluble inorganic salts of amphoteric, prefer ⁇ ably polyvalent metals, for example the sulfates, ni ⁇ trates, and chlorides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, and ferric iron, with aluminum and magnesium sulfates being most preferred; the weight ratio of this component to the sum of components (A) and (B) is, with increasing preference, less than 10:1, in the range from 5:1 to 1:2, and in the range from 2:1 to 1.2:1; and (D) water soluble acids or bases as needed to adjust the pH to a desirable value: from 2 to 6, or more prefer ⁇ ably from 3 to 5. (These pH values refer to the con ⁇ centrate only; the pH of the circulating water after the concentrate is added in a process according to the invention is preferably from 6.5 to 10, or more pref- erably from 7.5 to 8.5.)
  • a defoamer may also be used in the compositions according to this invention, but generally is not needed.
  • the paint that is to be detacki ⁇ fied and flocculated dispersed into fine droplets before or during contact with the detackifying and flocculating com ⁇ position. It is therefore preferred either to contact the paint to be detackified with a dispersing agent before de- tackifying and flocculating the paint, or to include a dis ⁇ persing agent in the solution used for detackifying and flocculating.
  • the most preferred dispersing agent for a process or composition according to this invention is an aqueous solution of one or more alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide; other suit ⁇ able dispersing agents include water soluble alkali metal and alkaline earth metal silicates, such as sodium sili ⁇ cate, and some polyacrylics.
  • alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide
  • other suit ⁇ able dispersing agents include water soluble alkali metal and alkaline earth metal silicates, such as sodium sili ⁇ cate, and some polyacrylics.
  • the various embodiments of this invention produce sev- eral advantages in operation, compared with the previous ⁇ ly used methods.
  • the use of polymeric aluminum compounds in combination with cationic polymers significantly in ⁇ creases the shear stability of the detackified and floccu ⁇ lated paint sludge, compared with use of cationic polymers alone or with mixtures of cationic polymers and simple aluminum salts. This is important because modern high speed painting requires relatively rapid water circulation in spray booths, and such rapid circulation can cause once detackified paint sludge particles to be sheared to expose fresh, tacky surfaces.
  • detackification according to this in ⁇ vention produces far less solid waste per unit volume of paint detackified. While exact values depend upon specific conditions such as the type of paint used, the "absorbent" clay and/or talc detackifiers normally produce detackified sludge volumes of at least five times the volume of the paint detackified. Operation according to this invention generally produces detackified sludge volumes that are no more than twice the volume of paint detackified, and often considerably less.
  • the practice of the present in ⁇ vention offers a smaller, but still significant, relative volume advantage even when measured at the stage of wet detackified sludge.
  • This comparative advantage of the present invention can be further increased, because the organic part of the detackifying and flocculating composi ⁇ tions according to this invention can normally be disposed of by incineration, leaving only a relatively small amount of ash requiring conventional solid waste disposal.
  • the sludge texture produced by the preferred embodi- ments of the present invention is as easily handled as that obtained now with conventional clay and/or talc based de ⁇ tackifiers or with conventional polymer salt detackifiers, in either case combined with conventional flocculating agents, which are generally regarded as the best products available for present commercial use with respect to ease of handling the sludge produced.
  • compositions according to the present invention produce significantly less volume of both wet detackified sludge and dry solid waste derived from this sludge per unit volume of paint detackified.
  • compositions according to the present invention can readily be formulated without requiring special care in diluting and/or mixing with any other materials that may be used and do not require any special storage conditions or mixing conditions, unlike most current commercial floccu- lants.
  • the results achieved, however, are as good as those normally now achieved with a combination of the best of commercial flocculants and detackifiers now available sepa ⁇ rately.
  • the pre ⁇ ferred components of a detackifying and flocculating agent according to this invention often are less expensive than other materials conventionally used for the purpose.
  • PAC-10 M is an aqueous solution of basic poly ⁇ aluminum chloride ⁇ , with an average molecular weight of about 217, 32 - 34 w/o total solids and 5.3 - 5.8 w/o aluminum, with no more than 3 w/o sulfate. (This product is commercially available from Pine River Group, Detroit, Michigan.)
  • PASS is an acronym for a poly ⁇ aluminum silicate sulfate ⁇ solution in water containing about 33 w/o of polymer (8.3 w/o stoichiometric equivalent of alum ⁇ ina) . It is available commercially from Pine River Group, Detroit, Michigan. "50 % Liquid Alum” is an aqueous solution containing 48.5 % by weight of A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 .
  • HYPERFLOCTM CP-708, CP-712, and CP-713 are all white, free-flowing, granular powdered solid materials prepared by quaternizing, by treatment with dimethyl sulfate, homopolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacry ⁇ late or copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylamide.
  • the mole % of the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (out of the total of this monomer and acrylamide) in the polymers is from 40 - 50 % for CP- 708, 80 - 90 % for CP-712, and 100 % for CP-713, and their average molecular weights are about 10, 9, and 6 million respectively.
  • These polymers are commerci ⁇ ally available from hychem incorporated, 10014 North Dale Mabry Highway, Tampa, Florida.
  • MAGNIFLOC 486 C is a generally similar materi- al to the HYPERFLOC polymers described immediately above, except that it is quaternized with methyl chloride instead of dimethyl sulfate. It has a con- centration of quaternary nitrogen atoms intermediate between that of CP-708 and CP-712 and a molecular weight of about 9 million. It was supplied by Amer ⁇ ican Cyanamid Co.
  • Dispersant 1 is a basic aqueous solution con- taining about 13 w/o of sodium hydroxide and about 38 w/o of sodium aluminate.
  • Dispersant 2 is an aqueous solution containing about 10 % by weight of sodium hydroxide and about
  • Composition 3 Ingredient Parts by weight
  • composition for the comparative example was as follows:
  • composition for the comparison example was pre ⁇ pared by the methods known in the art. All the composi ⁇ tions according to the invention were mixed by adding the water first to a mechanically stirred vessel, then adding the remaining ingredients slowly with constant stirring, with sufficient intervals between ingredients to allow the mixture to become clear. Ingredients were added to the initial charge of water in the following order: acid, metal oxide(s), inorganic salt(s) , inorganic polymer(s), organic polymer(s) .
  • Acid is usually used in these compositions to control the pH of the product.
  • compositions above were tested in a pilot scale spray booth apparatus. This uses 1041 liters of water in addition to all the other components shown below.
  • the a- terials, other than paint, shown under the description of specific experiment numbers below are metered into the cir ⁇ culating water of this spray booth while paint is being sprayed into it in a consistent manner that approximates very closely the practical use of a full scale spray booth.
  • the resulting solid sludge is collected and separated by means conventional for practical spray booths and is avail ⁇ able for conventional chemical analysis, with some results of such analysis shown in Table 1.
  • Some characteristics of the composition of the treated circulating water are shown in Table 2.
  • the experiment numbers in Table 2 refer to use of the same compositions as for the same experiment number in Table 1, and the abbreviation "nd" has the same meaning in Table 2 as in Table 1.
  • a simple number in this column refers to the composi ⁇ tion number above.
  • a number prefixed by "CE” refers to the comparison example composition.
  • the feed of detackifying and flocculating composition was dis- continued at the header port but continued at the chemical port, to give a volume ratio of about 1:6 for the detack ⁇ ifying and flocculating composition according to this in ⁇ vention as compared to the paint sprayed.
  • These operating conditions produced a slightly wet sludge which dried very well within 24 hours after forming, and the circulating water after treatment appeared entirely clear visually.
  • Example 7 In this example, the same equipment as in the previous examples was used, but with a wider variety of paints and paint:detackifying and flocculating composition ratios. Also, Dispersant 2 rather than Dispersant 1 was used as the dispersing agent and also for pH control. The paints used were:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
EP92915655A 1991-07-19 1992-07-15 Farbentklebung und ausflockungszusammensetzung und verfahren Withdrawn EP0595898A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US73284591A 1991-07-19 1991-07-19
US732845 1991-07-19
PCT/US1992/005781 WO1993002147A1 (en) 1991-07-19 1992-07-15 Paint detackifying and flocculating composition and process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0595898A1 true EP0595898A1 (de) 1994-05-11

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ID=24945170

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92915655A Withdrawn EP0595898A1 (de) 1991-07-19 1992-07-15 Farbentklebung und ausflockungszusammensetzung und verfahren

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0595898A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06509371A (de)
CN (1) CN1068839A (de)
AU (1) AU2343392A (de)
BR (1) BR9206277A (de)
CA (1) CA2110905A1 (de)
MX (1) MX9204213A (de)
NZ (1) NZ243547A (de)
WO (1) WO1993002147A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA925325B (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5614103A (en) * 1993-06-22 1997-03-25 Betzdearborn, Inc. Methods for detackifying paint spray booth water
US6262012B1 (en) 1999-12-20 2001-07-17 Kurita Water Industries Ltd. Wet paint spray booth treating agent
RU2292309C1 (ru) * 2005-06-22 2007-01-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Волгоградский государственный технический университет (ВолгГТУ) Способ получения водорастворимого реагента для очистки сточных вод и разделения фаз
GB2462988B (en) * 2007-07-06 2012-03-14 Duluxgroup Australia Pty Ltd Coagulation of paint
US10093562B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2018-10-09 Ecolab Usa Inc. Methods and compositions for the treatment and recovery of purge solvent
US8591744B2 (en) * 2009-06-24 2013-11-26 Nalco Company Composition and process for removing impurities from a circulating water system
CN106147354A (zh) * 2015-04-23 2016-11-23 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 一种涂料防粘剂组合物及其应用
CN109415579B (zh) 2016-07-01 2022-03-25 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 低氯化物涂料脱粘剂
WO2019240947A1 (en) 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Ecolab Usa Inc. Addition of caustic soda for improving detackifier stability
CN110282713A (zh) * 2019-07-05 2019-09-27 吴天宋 一种有机物污水处理用具有絮凝吸附作用的试剂

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE446969B (sv) * 1983-12-09 1986-10-20 Olof Carlsson Sett att framstella ett flockningsmedel
US4746457A (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-05-24 Calgon Corporation Flocculation of suspended solids from aqueous solutions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9302147A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA925325B (en) 1993-04-28
NZ243547A (en) 1994-04-27
MX9204213A (es) 1993-08-01
AU2343392A (en) 1993-02-23
WO1993002147A1 (en) 1993-02-04
CA2110905A1 (en) 1993-02-04
BR9206277A (pt) 1995-10-10
JPH06509371A (ja) 1994-10-20
CN1068839A (zh) 1993-02-10

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