Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/32—Transportable units, e.g. for cleaning room air
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
  • B03C3/014—Addition of water; Heat exchange, e.g. by condensation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
  • B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
  • B03C3/88—Cleaning-out collected particles

Definitions

• a gas can be purified very effectively by dispersing a liquid reagent between the electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator.
• Several methods have been used, proposed or patented to produce a liquid mist in this type of contactor between three media, respectively gaseous liquid and solid:
• electrostatic nebulization at the roughness of the high voltage electrodes, of a liquid coming from a hydraulic and electrically charged tank (French patent n ° 1.406.086 dated 05/06/1964) 2 °) electrostatic nebulization, at the roughness electrodes at earth potential, of a liquid brought by pipes to the top of these electrodes.
• the technology of the proposed devices takes into account neither the specificity of certain reagents used in spraying, nor the necessary depollution of the liquid effluent.
• An electrostatic reactor has two functional features: a) It ensures the purification of a gas and simultaneously the concentration of the transfer liquid (s) according to a multi-stage contact process and in gas-liquid counter-current (reflux liquid). The transfer of pollutants taking place within aerosols, the reflux is necessarily carried out from the liquid contained in accumulation tanks which collect by means of hoppers the runoff of the flat or tubular electrodes of the electrofilter-washer and partially recycles it in the corresponding spray fields; b) It associates with the gas treatment line a line for treating liquids drawn off at the levels of particular storage tanks called “extraction tanks", with a view firstly to totally or partially eliminating the undesirable constituents by appropriate separation techniques, on the other hand to recycle at the level of particular stages a partially or completely purified process liquid, and optionally to return to the gas treatment line regenerated reagents or liquid or gaseous residues originating from the treatment liquids and sludge.
• the "gas treatment line” or “effect line” is formed by the succession of spray fields at the level of which the transfers and reactions take place between the gas and the liquid mist, from entry to leaving the device.
• a “spray field” is the space occupied by a group of electrodes sprayed frontally with a curtain of liquid finely dispersed by sprayer booms distributed in a plane perpendicular to the gas flow. It corresponds to an "effect" of the gas-liquid transfer.
• additional spraying is carried out at the top of a group of flat electrodes using the same liquid as that of front spraying. Additional spraying is also possible at the top of a group of tubular collecting electrodes, the front spraying being carried out in this case at the base, that is to say at the gas inlet.
• the composition of the spray liquid can be the same for all the spray fields flowing in the same accumulation tank.
• the first case offers the possibility of optimizing the treatment of gas with a particular reagent at a single spray field
• the second case is a contribution to reflux by a route other than that of the direct transport of liquid from a accumulation tank to the next
• the third case has the advantage of reducing entrainment by gases, from one spray field to another, pollutants contained in excessively concentrated liquid vesicles.
• the multiplication of the spray fields has two advantages: a) The flow rate, the composition and the spatial distribution of the primary mist can be adapted, at the level of each spray field, to the local and temporal characteristics of the gas stream (temperature, hygrometry, chemical composition of gases, continuous or discontinuous emission regime); b) It is possible to produce a continuous liquid film on the surface of the collecting and emitting electrodes, on the one hand avoiding excess runoff responsible for too frequent short-circuits by uninterrupted liquid net between the bottom of a high voltage electrode and the envelope, on the other hand of the drying zones responsible for the local burning of the electrodes when the latter are made of an electrically insulating organic material.
• the "module” is a section of a gas processing line.
• An electrostatic reactor according to the invention may consist of a single module in the case of planar electrodes, it is necessarily of several in the case of cylindrical electrodes, but it necessarily includes in all cases at least one field multi-stage reflux concentration.
• a module can include one or more concentration fields at reflux.
• a reflux concentration field is necessarily formed of several modules, each constituting a spray field. Modular construction has many advantages: a) the device which meets the specifications of the specifications can be advantageously produced by association suitable for standard modules, arranged in series and / or in parallel.
• each module can be chosen as a function of the more or less aggressive local compositions of the gas and of the liquid along the treatment line for the two fluids.
• the modular design fades to some extent from the gas flaring at the top and bottom of the enclosure.
• a "hopper field” is the section of apparatus to which is assigned an accumulation tank which collects by means of one or more hoppers the sludge or the concentrated solutions which flow at the base of a field or several spray fields.
• the collected liquid is partly recycled by sprinkling in the same hopper field with possible adaptations of its chemical composition, partly withdrawn to carry out the liquid reflux from stage to stage, and partly withdrawn from the extraction tanks in view eliminate unwanted transfer products by means of appropriate separation methods (precipitation, sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, pH adjustment, chemical reactions, etc.).
• the multiplication of hopper fields has several advantages which we will specify: a) The possibility of subjecting the gas to successive treatments and in line with liquids of different compositions, which constitutes one of the original features of the device, responds to the concern to treat the most loaded gas with the least expensive reagents, to adapt the composition of the liquid reagent to the local and temporal composition of the gas and to reserve for the last fields of 'sprinkling the use of very specific reagents for the transfer of certain residual gaseous pollutants; b) The concentration of pollutants up to extraction tanks, obtained by playing on two mechanisms at the same time on the one hand recycling the spraying liquid at the same hopper field on the other hand multiple reflux stages carried out by transporting the liquid from one accumulation tank to the next, which also constitutes an originality of the device, makes it possible to optimize the specific treatments of gases and those of liquids with a view to eliminating undesirable products under the forms either solids or concentrated solutions which can be upgraded.
• the reflux of liquid can take two ways, that of direct transport from one
• the “concentration field”, which ends with an extraction tank, is the section of apparatus to which the concentration of certain transfer pollutants by liquid-gas reflux contact with multiple stages is allocated.
• it therefore comprises several fields of hoppers, that is to say several accumulation tanks materializing the stages.
• cylindrical collecting electrodes it necessarily comprises several modules and as many accumulation tanks.
• the electrostatic reactor according to the invention necessarily has at least one concentration field.
• a “sequential residence time” is the average time it takes the gas to travel through a particular section of the treatment line: spray field, hopper field, concentration field or gas treatment line.
• spray field hopper field
• concentration field or gas treatment line In the case of dusting it varies proportionally to the "volume area of electrodes of the corresponding section", ie of the area of electrodes contained in this section by normal cubic meters of gas passing through the device in one hour .
• modular construction it can be varied by assigning more or less modules in series or in parallel to a particular processing sequence. If the residence time necessary to remove a gaseous pollutant is greater than that necessary for the electrostatic precipitation of the dust which accompanies it, a gas washer (not electrostatic) can be placed at the head or tail of the electric purifier.
• composition of the "transfer liquid”, in either a nebulized or a runoff state collected in accumulation tanks, varies along the gas treatment line due, on the one hand, to the specificity of the reactions in question.
• the composition can also vary from one spray field to another if reagents are introduced directly into the spray bars in addition to those introduced into the tanks.
• the composition of the "spray liquid" is determined by the nature and kinetics of the transfer reactions which are assigned to a spray field, a hopper field, or a concentration field. It is most generally a water containing soluble reagents, reactive or inert solids in the dispersed state, catalysts, optionally ionic or nonionic surfactants or oleophyl emulsified substances.
• An "electric field”, according to its classic definition, is the space occupied by one or more groups of electrodes powered by the same electric generator.
• the multiplication of electric fields has well known advantages: a) It avoids stopping the precipitation of particles simultaneously in all sections of the device. The temporary interruption of sedimentation, following a local electrical ignition, only concerns the electrodes supplied by the same transformer, ie only one electric field. b) It is possible to adjust the electrical voltage as close as possible to the local breakdown voltage, in order to optimize the rate of sedimentation of solid or liquid particles suspended in the gas.
• This disruptive voltage is indeed a function of many factors such as: density of particles in suspension in the gas, distribution of the size of these particles, chemical composition, temperature and homogeneity of the gas, anomalies of centering or parallelism of the electrodes, configuration of the stops and emissive points.
• the chemical composition of the gas can vary considerably between the inlet and the outlet of the device. In the case of a single electric field, it is the section of the gas stream which has the lowest breakdown voltage which imposes this voltage on all the other sections to the detriment of the overall efficiency of the device. We know, for example, that a high SO2 content significantly lowers the breakdown voltage.
• a “street” is the space between two collecting electrodes on either side of an emissive electrode in the case of an electrostatic precipitator with planar geometry.
• the "liquid processing line” is that of the physical and chemical operations carried out on the concentrated liquids drawn off at the level of the extraction tanks in view on the one hand to eliminate undesirable products on the other hand to partially or totally recycle, at suitably chosen points of the gas treatment line, washing liquids thus totally or partially purified, and optionally regenerated reagents.
• Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a wet electrofilter with liquid-gas counter-current.
• Figure 2 is a top view of the electrostatic filter shown in the previous figure.
• Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of a bundle of tubular electrodes constituting one of the stages of a wet electrostatic filter against liquid-gas counter-current.
• Figure 4 is a top view of the floor shown in the previous figure.
• Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view of a cylindrical collecting electrode and the corresponding emissive counter-electrode, with different spraying devices.
• Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view of a spray field with vertical booms and horizontal booms, the runoff of the electrodes being collected by two hoppers in a single accumulation tank constituting one of the stages for concentrating a flat wet electrostatic precipitator against liquid-gas counter-current.
• FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show diagrammatically and in section, respectively vertical and horizontal, an apparatus with plane geometry with three "electric fields” 46, 47, and 48. It consists of an envelope 44, four spray fields 5, 6, 7, 8, three hopper fields 9, 10, 11, the first two 9 and 10 each consisting of a single spray field, the third 11 of two spray fields, 7 and 8. All the spray fields have three "streets” such as 12 and are each watered by vertical ramps such as 13. Other ramps such as 19 ensure the saturation in water vapor of the gas entering the device. These spray bars 19 can advantageously be part of a head stage assigned to the drying of the sludge by the sensible heat of the gas in order to finally obtain solid or pasty products.
• Two accumulation tanks 17 and 18 participate in a two-stage concentration field, the reflux of which passes through the tube 30, the tank 17 being an extraction tank as well as the tank 16. Ceramic or silica pieces 33 support the emissive electrodes and isolate them from the earth 45.
• 20 is the arrival of the gas.
• 21 is the gas extractor.
• 22 is the arrival of the recycled liquid after • its purification in the liquid treatment line, or that of the process make-up liquid.
• the reagents are introduced into the accumulation tanks at 23, and possibly and for some of them directly into the spray bars at 24. The undesirable products are eliminated in the liquid treatment line made up of the separation units 25 and 26 operating on the withdrawals from the extraction tanks 16 and 17.
• the tanks 16 17 and 18 may possibly participate in the reflux concentration of certain pollutants not removed at 26 if the incompletely purified liquid is transported by the line 27 to the accumulation tank 16.
• the three hopper fields represent a reflux concentration field for these particular pollutants.
• the undesirable products are extracted from the liquid treatment line at 31, and 32, in the form of solid precipitates which may be recoverable, highly concentrated sludge intended for landfill, industrially recyclable solutions, or purified liquid totally or partially recycled in the gas treatment line by pipes such as 22, 28, 27 or 29.
• FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show schematically and in section, respectively vertical and horizontal, all at the same time a module and a spray field 6. 13 is a front spray boom.
• the three accumulation tanks 16, 17, 18 participate in a reflux concentration field consisting of three modules such as 6.
• Cylindrical electrodes such as 4 are fixed to a plate 34.
• the emissive electrodes such as 2, which carry asperities such as 35 with an electric field effect, are suspended from a trellis of beams 36 supported and isolated from the ground by ceramic or fused silica blocks such as 33.
• 37 is an air intake sweeping the protective housing 38 insulation 33 which is also optionally heated and thus protected from contact with the gas to be treated and from humidity. 20 and 21 respectively represent the arrival and departure of the gas.
• 39 is the high-voltage terminal.
• FIG. 5, which relates to the case of a cylindrical collecting electrode 4, represents the front spraying boom 13 arranged at the base of the cylinder at the gas inlet, and the device for additional spraying to supply the top of the emissive electrode 2 with runoff liquid.
• This liquid is supplied either by primary spraying carried out by means of sprayers such as 14 and it is then partly collected by a conical collar 40 flared upwards and perforated at its connection with the electrode 2, or by electrostatic nebulization of the liquid 41 coming from the same primary spray and collected by trickling in the conical collar 42, flared upwards and fixed by its base to the top of the collecting electrode.
• FIG. 6, which relates to planar electrodes, represents the single spray field of a hopper field 10 (itself belonging to a reflux concentration field of at least three stages 16, 17, 18), of which the spraying booms are of three types: vertical booms 13 disposed frontally in front of the group of planar electrodes 6, booms horizontal 14, watering the first part of the group of electrodes 6 from the top, and supplied with the same recycled liquid from the accumulation tank 17, horizontal booms 15 watering, continuously or discontinuously, the second part of the group of electrodes 6 also from the top, but supplied by the liquid coming from the accumulation tank 18.
• This third type of ramps when it exists, constitutes one of the ways of the liquid reflux from stage 11 to stage 9, the other reflux path being that of the pipe 30 which brings directly, by gravity or by means of a pump, the liquid from the tank 18 to the tank 16. 43 is the direction of the gas flow.
• the reactor includes a hopper field or a final module intended for the cumulative analysis of traces of harmful products, the continuous dosing of which becomes impossible in the event of excessively strict standards
• the reactor constitutes a mobile unit for cumulative analysis of industrial gaseous effluents.

Landscapes

• Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=9416392

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (50)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 1991
  • 1991-08-21 FR FR9110616A patent/FR2680474B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1992
  • 1992-08-20 JP JP5504154A patent/JPH06509976A/ja active Pending
  • 1992-08-20 EP EP92918939A patent/EP0600011B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-08-20 ES ES92918939T patent/ES2094368T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-08-20 WO PCT/FR1992/000811 patent/WO1993003849A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1992-08-20 AT AT92918939T patent/ATE145157T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-08-20 DE DE69215229T patent/DE69215229T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-08-20 US US08/196,256 patent/US5624476A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-08-20 CA CA002115987A patent/CA2115987C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1994
  • 1994-02-17 OA OA60473A patent/OA09886A/fr unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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