EP0604457A1 - Jouet ameliore pour volatiles d'elevage - Google Patents

Jouet ameliore pour volatiles d'elevage

Info

Publication number
EP0604457A1
EP0604457A1 EP92917040A EP92917040A EP0604457A1 EP 0604457 A1 EP0604457 A1 EP 0604457A1 EP 92917040 A EP92917040 A EP 92917040A EP 92917040 A EP92917040 A EP 92917040A EP 0604457 A1 EP0604457 A1 EP 0604457A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toys
red
blue
peckable
white
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92917040A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0604457A4 (fr
Inventor
Gadi Gvaryahu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KARASH Michael J
KEREM Elitan
Cornell Research Foundation Inc
Original Assignee
KARASH Michael J
KEREM Elitan
Cornell Research Foundation Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KARASH Michael J, KEREM Elitan, Cornell Research Foundation Inc filed Critical KARASH Michael J
Publication of EP0604457A1 publication Critical patent/EP0604457A1/fr
Publication of EP0604457A4 publication Critical patent/EP0604457A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
    • A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices; Toys specially adapted for animals
    • A01K15/025—Toys specially adapted for animals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to toys for farm animals.
  • Layer chickens are typically quartered in cages, 2 to 10 birds per cage.
  • the birds are known to peck at one another. Although some of the pecking is harmless, some of the pecking causes physical damage and may even be fatal to the pecked bird.
  • a hierarchy develops between the birds whereby the birds which are high within the hierarchy peck birds lower within the hierarchy. The birds lowest in the hierarchy are most
  • Toys for layer chickens are known which are intended to attract pecking birds, thereby diverting attention from the lower status birds and reducing the rate of pecking at the lower status birds.
  • the toys are also believed to be beneficial over and above the consideration of preventing pecking because of the general principle that environmental stimulation is advantageous for creatures having at least some intelligence.
  • Agro Top Ltd. P. O. B. 2268, Rehovot 76120, presently markets AGROTOY, a pecking toy which is suspended in layer cages.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved toy for farm animals.
  • a farm animal toy including a colored structure suitable for stimulating at least one farm animal characterized in that the color of the colored structure is selected so as to significantly improve at least one measure of the output of at least one farm animal.
  • the farm animal is a layer and the at least one measure of the output of the farm animal comprises at least one of the following group: egg weight; egg mass (number of eggs x egg weight); life expectancy; and number of eggs laid.
  • the color of the colored structure is selected from among colors well perceived by the farm animal.
  • a substantial portion of the colored structure is blue.
  • the frame of the colored structure is blue.
  • the color of at least one portion of the colored structure is red.
  • the color of at least one portion of the colored structure is white.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are pictorial illustrations of peckable toys
  • Figs. 3A and 3B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 3A is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 3B;
  • Figs. 4A and 4B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 4A is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 4B;
  • Figs. 5A and 5B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 5A is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 5B;
  • Figs. 6A and 6B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 6A is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 6B;
  • Figs. 7A and 7B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 7A is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 7B;
  • Figs. 8A and 8B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 8A is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 8B; and
  • Figs. 9A and 9B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys characterized in that the color combination of Fig. 9B is preferable over the color combination of Fig. 9A.
  • the remaining portions of the peckable toy are blue and/or red.
  • Fig. 1 is a pictorial illustration of a configuration for a peckable toy similar to the configuration of the peckable toy marketed by Agro Top Ltd.
  • the peckable toy 10 comprises a frame portion 12 suspended from a hanging portion 14 which may be hung on a suitable support within the chicken cage such as a bar.
  • the peckable toy 10 also comprises at least one moving part 18, which is preferably pivotably mounted on the frame 12.
  • the various parts of the toy 10 may be formed of any suitable material such as
  • the frame 12 is blue.
  • At least one moving part from among the moving parts 18, and preferably all of the moving parts 18, are either blue or red or a combination thereof.
  • the peckable toy 30 comprises a frame portion 32 which may be hung on a suitable support within a chicken cage.
  • the peckable toy 30 also comprises at least one moving part 34.
  • Each moving part 34 may comprise a colored bead 36 fixedly mounted on a bead support portion 38 including a loop 40 which is operative to allow relatively, free motion of the moving part 34 relative to the frame 32.
  • the various parts of the toy 10 may be formed of any suitable material.
  • all parts of the toy may be formed of a suitable metal apart from the colored bead, which may be formed of a suitable plastic.
  • peckable toy configurations illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 are merely exemplary of possible configurations. Any configuration which includes a movable part which may be arranged so as to be accessible for pecking, such that the movable part reacts to being pecked, is suitable.
  • Experiment 1 6 Leghorn layers housed one per cage in 30 cm x 45 cm cages were exposed to toys such as the toy illustrated in Fig. 2. Three identical sequences of experimental conditions were provided. Each sequence included 6 observations, spaced 1-2 days apart. In the first observation, the 6 Leghorn layers, referenced herein layers 1-6, were exposed to blue, red, white, green, yellow and pink toys, respectively for a one-hour period. In the second observation, 1-2 days later, the 6 layers 1-6 were respectively exposed to red, white, green, yellow, pink and blue toys, for a one-hour period. Observations 3-6 were designed similarly. For example, in observation 6, layers 1-6 were respectively exposed to pink, blue, red, white, green and yellow toys, for a one-hour period.
  • the total number of pecks at the toy for each of the six layers was recorded.
  • the 6 colors were then ranked by pecking preference. For example, a color was ranked 1 if it was pecked more than the other 5 colors.
  • Red toys were less preferred than blue or white toys, but not to a statistically significant extent, and were more preferred than green, yellow or pink toys, but not to a statistically
  • Experiment 2 6 Leghorn layers housed one per cage in 30 cm x 45 cm cages were exposed to toys such as the toy illustrated in Fig. 2, except that 4 moving parts were used instead of 3. Three identical sequences of experimental conditions were provided. Each sequence included 3 observations. In the first observation, the 6 Leghorn layers, referenced herein layers 1-6, were exposed to red, white, red/white, red, white, and red/white toys, respectively, for a one-hour period. In the red toys and the white toys, all beads were,
  • red and white toys two of the beads were red and two of the beads were white.
  • layers 1-6 were respectively exposed to white, red/white, red, white, red/white and red toys, respectively, for a one-hour period.
  • layers 1-6 were respectively exposed to red/white, red, white, red/white, red and white toys, respectively, for a one-hour period. The total number of pecks for each one-hour period were recorded. When red/white toys were used, the total number of pecks were recorded separately for white and red beads. The total number of pecks data was employed to rank the color preferences of the layers.
  • Experiment 3 was identical to Experiment 2 except that blue toys were used instead of red toys and green toys were used instead of white toys. Red/white toys were also used, as in Experiment 2.
  • the layers were housed in 30 cm x 45 cm cages, 2 birds per cage. 77 cages were assigned to a control group and were not exposed to toys. 77 cages were exposed to colored toys. 70 cages were exposed to white toys. Each 7 cages corresponds to a unit of obseirvation within which mean daily egg count and mean egg weight were computed. In other words, each 14 birds formed a unit of observation and there were 11, 11 and 10 units of observation in the control, colored and white experimental groups, respectively. In total, there were 32 units of observation.
  • Table 4 shows that layers exposed to colored toys laid more eggs per day and their mean egg weight was greater to a statistically
  • Fig. 1 A first experimental group of 35 cages was exposed to peckable toys with blue frames, blue hanging portions and 3 moving parts which were respectively red, green and blue. A second experimental group of 35 cages was exposed to peckable toys with blue frames, blue hanging portions and 3 moving parts which were respectively red, green and blue. A second experimental group of 35 cages was exposed to peckable toys with blue frames, blue hanging portions and 3 moving parts which were respectively red, green and blue. A second experimental group of 35 cages was exposed to peckable toys with blue frames, blue hanging portions and 3 moving parts which were respectively red, green and blue. A second
  • Each 7 cages was a unit of observation within which mean daily egg count and mean egg weight were computed. Therefore, there were 5, 5, 10 and 11 units of observations in the first and second experimental groups and in the first and second control groups, respectively, or a total of 33 units of observation.
  • the layers were housed in 30 cm x 45 cm cages, 2 birds per cage. The experiment took place over a period of 18 days. The results of the experiment were as follows:
  • Table 5 shows that layers exposed to blue framed toys having blue hanging portions and red, blue and green moving parts laid more eggs per day and their mean egg weight was greater, to a
  • group 1 is the Blue group
  • group 2 is the Red group
  • group 3 is the White group
  • group 4 is the No Toy group.
  • first laying period were exposed to peckable toys similar to the peckable toy illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • a first experimental group of 20 cages was exposed to peckable toys with blue frames, two red moving parts and one blue moving part between the two red moving parts.
  • a second experimental group of 20 cages was exposed to peckable toys with blue frames and three moving parts which were red, blue and green, respectively.
  • a control group of 40 cages was not exposed to any toys. Each 10 cages
  • the layers were housed in 30 cm x 45 cm cages, 3 birds per cage. The experiment took place over a period of 36 days. The results of the experiment were as follows:
  • the above table shows that layers exposed to blue framed toys having 2 red and one blue moving part laid more eggs per day and their mean egg mass was greater, relative to the layers in the other experimental groups.
  • a plurality of layers such as 10 - 18 layers, were housed 3 per cage in 30 cm x 45 cm cages. Depending on the experimental condition, the cages were or were not provided with a peckable toy. The duration of the experiment was from 13 November 1990 to 29 July 1991.
  • the colors of the peckable toy were as follows: blue frame, 3 moving parts which were red, blue and red, and a red hanging portion, as illustrated in Fig. 4A.
  • the ANOVA table shows that mortality was significantly increased in the experimental group which was provided with peckable toys, relative to the control group which was not so provided.
  • a preferred combination of colors for a peckable toy is as follows: A substantial portion of the toy, such as the frame, is blue. Other portions of the toy such as the hanging portion and moving parts, may be other than blue. Preferably, approximately half of the hanging portion and moving parts is blue and the remaining half is either red, blue or white.
  • One particularly suitable combination is: blue frame, red hanging portion, two red moving parts, one blue moving part.
  • Figs. 3A-9B are conceptual illustrations of color combinations for peckable toys
  • Figs. 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9B are believed to be preferable in improving the output of layers, relative to the color combinations of Figs. 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B and 9A respectively. It is believed to be preferable in improving the output of layers, relative to the color combinations of Figs. 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B and 9A respectively. It is
  • Figs. 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9B may be used for any suitable configuration of peckable toy. It is also appreciated that the particular toys illustrated in Figs. 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9B are merely illustrative of the preferred pecking toys

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Abstract

Jouet (10) conçu pour des animaux de ferme, comprenant une structure colorée (12, 18) servant à stimuler au moins une espèce d'animaux de ferme et caractérisé par le fait que la couleur de ladite structure colorée est sélectionnée de façon à améliorer considérablement au moins un des facteurs de rendement d'au moins une espèce.
EP92917040A 1991-08-05 1992-08-04 Jouet ameliore pour volatiles d'elevage. Withdrawn EP0604457A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL99093A IL99093A (en) 1991-08-05 1991-08-05 Toy for farm animals
IL99093 1991-08-05
PCT/US1992/006492 WO1993002551A1 (fr) 1991-08-05 1992-08-04 Jouet ameliore pour volatiles d'elevage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0604457A1 true EP0604457A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
EP0604457A4 EP0604457A4 (fr) 1995-01-04

Family

ID=11062786

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92917040A Withdrawn EP0604457A4 (fr) 1991-08-05 1992-08-04 Jouet ameliore pour volatiles d'elevage.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0604457A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2404592A (fr)
CA (1) CA2114734A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL99093A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993002551A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL102150A0 (en) * 1992-06-09 1993-01-14 Gallus Ltd Device for stimulating precocial birds and method for using same
US7017523B2 (en) * 2003-05-01 2006-03-28 The Hartz Mountain Corporation Pet chews and methods of providing dental care to pets
DE202015100780U1 (de) 2015-02-18 2015-10-21 Inno4Cons Gmbh Geflügelspielzeug sowie Bereitstellungsbehälter für Geflügelspielzeuge

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB103141A (en) * 1916-01-10 1917-01-10 Albert Henry Childs Improvements in or relating to Automatic Poultry Feeders.
GB250875A (en) * 1926-01-07 1926-04-22 Edward Dawson Improvements in feeding devices for poultry or animals
US4625728A (en) * 1982-08-09 1986-12-02 Michael Schonberg Improving poultry egg production
US4542714A (en) * 1984-08-03 1985-09-24 Ingraham John T Bird exerciser and amusement toy device
US4993363A (en) * 1988-07-12 1991-02-19 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Method of raising farm animals by exposing them to toys
US5010851A (en) * 1987-06-04 1991-04-30 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Methods of raising commercial animals
US4913092A (en) * 1987-06-04 1990-04-03 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Method of raising precocial birds utilizing filial imprinting, environmental enrichment, and music

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993002551A1 (fr) 1993-02-18
CA2114734A1 (fr) 1993-02-18
EP0604457A4 (fr) 1995-01-04
AU2404592A (en) 1993-03-02
IL99093A (en) 1993-03-15
IL99093A0 (en) 1992-07-15

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