EP0612059B1 - Verfahren zur Laufzeitschätzung an gestörten Sprachkanälen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Laufzeitschätzung an gestörten Sprachkanälen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0612059B1 EP0612059B1 EP93120010A EP93120010A EP0612059B1 EP 0612059 B1 EP0612059 B1 EP 0612059B1 EP 93120010 A EP93120010 A EP 93120010A EP 93120010 A EP93120010 A EP 93120010A EP 0612059 B1 EP0612059 B1 EP 0612059B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- signals
- estimated
- increase
- maxima
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
- G10L21/0216—Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
- G10L2021/02161—Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed
- G10L2021/02165—Two microphones, one receiving mainly the noise signal and the other one mainly the speech signal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a method is used in automatic Speech recognition systems or for hands-free systems e.g. in offices, motor vehicles etc.
- Disrupted speech is easier to grasp if it is with two or multiple channels is recorded.
- Man uses two channels, his two ears. Through a psychoacoustic Post processing becomes his direction of the speaker and the Background noise is hidden.
- For technical devices can use two or more channels for recording become. These signals can then be processed using digital signal processing be processed.
- An essential aspect of multi-channel processing is the estimation of the runtime difference of the individual Channels. If the runtime difference is known, the Direction of the sound event (speaker) can be determined. The signals of the individual channels can be adjusted accordingly runtime corrected and processed. Become e.g. signals which have not been corrected are combined to form a sum signal, individual spectral components of the Amplify, attenuate or cancel signals by interference.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a method to estimate the runtime for a speech recognition system specify that even with strong background noise is applicable, suitable for a multi-channel transmission system is and saves time and money.
- FIG. 1 becomes the phase estimate using a block diagram explained.
- FIG. 2 shows a representation of the quantities S B , S I , S N and g as a function of time for a driving noise of 140 km / h.
- 2-channel runtime compensation presented.
- the expansion to several Channels are easily possible with the corresponding additional effort.
- the runtime compensation is part of the signal preprocessing a multi-channel noise reduction, e.g. can be used for a speech recognizer in the vehicle can.
- the runtime is determined in the frequency domain. This makes possible a simple runtime correction by multiplication of the spectrum with the new phase and leads to a low computing effort.
- the voice and sound recordings for development and evaluation The present procedure was in a vehicle performed with two microphones. The trouble is that Driving noise in different driving situations.
- the microphone signals x and y are transformed into the frequency range (FFT, Fast Fourier Transformation).
- the transformed segments X l (i) and Y l (i) resulted.
- the segments are half overlapped and weighted with a Hamming window. (The sampling rate of the signals x and y is 12 kHz.)
- the long-term mean of the magnitude spectrum becomes subtracted (SPS, spectral subtraction).
- SPS spectral subtraction
- the phase of the signals is not changed.
- the noise is reduced.
- the PLC is a standard procedure and can be used here can be used in a simple version. Are only minor Malfunctions can be dispensed with entirely on the PLC become.
- the interference spectrum S nn (i) is estimated with the smoothing constant ⁇ .
- the interference spectrum is normalized and subtracted.
- the magnitude of the cross power density B XY, l is calculated from the estimated values X and and Y and.
- For example, ⁇ 1 is selected as the smoothing constant ⁇ . Values ⁇ ⁇ l do not make sense.
- the values of the cross power B xy (i) can, for example, be increased linearly by 10dB in the range 300 to 1500 Hz.
- the pre-emphasis can also be predetermined by the microphone characteristics.
- a "simulated impulse response" S I is calculated via an impulse monitor.
- the smoothing of the phase value "from the beginning of the word into the word" can be adjusted with ⁇ .
- S I, l (1 - ⁇ ) S I, l-1 + ⁇ S B, l
- an adaptive smoothing constant h is calculated using a noise monitor. This smoothing constant results in an estimate S N for the disturbance. If spectral subtraction (SPS) was carried out beforehand, S N is an estimate of the residual interference.
- SPS spectral subtraction
- the phase of the disturbed signals is calculated from the real and imaginary parts of S xy . The phase is only calculated on the M predetermined maxima.
- the smoothing constant g is weighted according to the variance.
- G l : 0.09 * g l ; for 0.2 ⁇ 2nd Max ⁇ 2nd ⁇ ', l ⁇ 2nd Max
- the following applies to medium scatter: G l : 0.3 * g l ; for 0.02 ⁇ 2nd Max ⁇ ⁇ 2nd ⁇ ', l ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ 2nd Max
- G l : g l ; for ⁇ 2nd ⁇ ', l ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ 2nd Max According to Eq. 17-20, g will usually only be greater than zero at the beginning of the word.
- the energy of the word must be greater than the energy of the residual noise and the simulated impulse response.
- the condition g> 0 is fulfilled only once in succession as a result of a fault, the phase estimate is not updated.
- the phase estimate is only updated if g> 0 is met at least twice in succession.
- FIG. 2 An example of the intermediate quantities S B , S I , S N 'and g and the phase estimate derived therefrom is shown in FIG. 2.
- the word "station selection” is spoken and the driving noise at 140 km / h is added. The method is used as indicated above.
- the phase estimate is given in samples n. With the size S I , the "speech impulse" is partially masked and thus an estimate is only allowed in the case of strong energy increases (S B must exceed S I by a factor of 2).
- the estimation of the residual disturbance S N enables greater robustness against noise (S B must exceed S N by a factor of 3).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Noise Elimination (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Description
Claims (11)
- Verfahren zur Laufzeitschätzung bei dem Laufzeitunterschiede von geräuschgestörten Signalen von zumindest zwei Sprachkanälen mittels einer Kreuzkorrelation bestimmt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß im Frequenzbereich die Phasenwerte von zumindest zwei Signalen über eine bestimmte Anzahl von Maxima der Kreuzleistungsdichte ermittelt werden und deren Phasenverschiebung bestimmt wird, unddaß der erforderliche Phasenausgleich ebenfalls im Frequenzbereich durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Hintergrundstörungen und das Einschwingverhalten des Raumes bei der Bestimmung der Phasenwerte ständig mitgeschätzt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hintergrundgeräusch über einen Geräuschmonitor geschätzt wird, und daß ein neuer Phasenwert lediglich dann ermittelt wird, wenn der Schätzwert des Hintergrundgeräusches um einen bestimmten Faktor überschritten wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einschwingverhalten des umgebenden Raumes über einen Impulsmonitor derart geschätzt wird, daß lediglich bei starkem Energieanstieg in den Signalen ein neuer Phasenschätzwert ermittelt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine lineare Laufzeitverschiebung der Signale angenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da-durch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Glättung des Phasenwertes vom Wortanfang in das gesprochene Wort hinein durchgeführt wird, und daß die Varianz der Schätzung bei der Glättung der Phasenwerte mitberücksichtigt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß zumindest zwei Mikrofonsignale x, y mittels einer FFT (Fast Fourier Tansformation) in den Frequenzbereich transformiert werden,daß durch spektrale Subtraktion aus den transformierten Signalen die Schätzwerte X and, Y and bestimmt werden,daß aus den geschätzten Werten X and, Y and der Betrag der Kreuzleistungsdichte Bxy bestimmt wird,daß die Maxima der Kreuzleistungsdichte bestimmt werden, und daß aus einer bestimmten Anzahl Maxima der Kreuzleistungsdichte Bxy ein aktueller Wert SB für die gestörten Signale ermittelt wird, daß abhängig vom aktuellen Wert SB die Phasen ϕ der gestörten Signale ermittelt werden und damit der Phasenanstieg ϕ' bestimmt wird,daß der Phasenanstieg ϕ' geglättet wird, indem über einen Impulsmonitor ein simulierter Sprachimpuls SI mit dem aktuellen Wert SB der gestörten Signale gekoppelt wird, derart, daß eine erneute Phasenschätzung lediglich dann durchgeführt wird, wenn ein starker Energieanstieg des Mikrofonsignals registriert wird, unddaß mit einem Geräuschmonitor ein Schätzwert SN für die Hintergrundgeräuschstörung ermittelt wird und mit dem aktuellen Wert SB der gestörten Signale gekoppelt wird, derart, daß eine erneute Phasenschätzung lediglich dann durch geführt wird, wenn vom Signal die Hintergrundstörung deutlich überschritten wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein maximaler Phasenanstieg |ϕ'|max für die Phase an den einzelnen Maxima vorgebbar ist und eine erneute Phasenschätzung lediglich dann durchgeführt wird, wenn der Phasenanstieg um mindestens M' der M Maxima den maximalen Anstieg |ϕ'|max nicht überschreitet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Varianz der Phasenanstiege an den einzelnen Maxima bei der zeitlichen Glättung des Phasenanstiegs berücksichtigt wird.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erneute Phasenschätzung lediglich dann durchgeführt wird, wenn die Bedingungen für einen gültigen Phasenanstieg zeitlich mehrfach in Folge auftreten.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gestörte Sprache auf mehr als zwei Sprachkanälen aufgenommen wird und daß die Laufzeitunterschiede der einzelnen Kanäle geschätzt werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4243831 | 1992-12-23 | ||
| DE4243831A DE4243831A1 (de) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Verfahren zur Laufzeitschätzung an gestörten Sprachkanälen |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0612059A2 EP0612059A2 (de) | 1994-08-24 |
| EP0612059A3 EP0612059A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
| EP0612059B1 true EP0612059B1 (de) | 1999-03-17 |
Family
ID=6476383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93120010A Expired - Lifetime EP0612059B1 (de) | 1992-12-23 | 1993-12-11 | Verfahren zur Laufzeitschätzung an gestörten Sprachkanälen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5479517A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0612059B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4243831A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09212196A (ja) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-15 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 雑音抑圧装置 |
| DE19813285B4 (de) * | 1998-03-26 | 2005-12-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zur automatischen Messung der Sprachverständlichkeit in Kraftfahrzeugen |
| US7117149B1 (en) * | 1999-08-30 | 2006-10-03 | Harman Becker Automotive Systems-Wavemakers, Inc. | Sound source classification |
| DE19942868A1 (de) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Mehrfachmikrofonanordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug sowie Mehrfachmikrofonanordnung selbst |
| DE19955156A1 (de) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-06-21 | Univ Karlsruhe | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung eines Störsignalanteils im Ausgangssignal eines Schallwandlermittels |
| DE10118653C2 (de) * | 2001-04-14 | 2003-03-27 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Geräuschreduktion |
| GB2391322B (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2005-12-14 | British Broadcasting Corp | Signal comparison method and apparatus |
| US8073689B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2011-12-06 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | Repetitive transient noise removal |
| US7885420B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2011-02-08 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | Wind noise suppression system |
| US7949522B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2011-05-24 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | System for suppressing rain noise |
| US7725315B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2010-05-25 | Qnx Software Systems (Wavemakers), Inc. | Minimization of transient noises in a voice signal |
| US8326621B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2012-12-04 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Repetitive transient noise removal |
| US7895036B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2011-02-22 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | System for suppressing wind noise |
| US8271279B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2012-09-18 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Signature noise removal |
| US7949518B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2011-05-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Hierarchy encoding apparatus and hierarchy encoding method |
| US7949520B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2011-05-24 | QNX Software Sytems Co. | Adaptive filter pitch extraction |
| US7610196B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2009-10-27 | Qnx Software Systems (Wavemakers), Inc. | Periodic signal enhancement system |
| US8306821B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2012-11-06 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Sub-band periodic signal enhancement system |
| US8170879B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2012-05-01 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Periodic signal enhancement system |
| US8543390B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2013-09-24 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Multi-channel periodic signal enhancement system |
| US7716046B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2010-05-11 | Qnx Software Systems (Wavemakers), Inc. | Advanced periodic signal enhancement |
| US7680652B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2010-03-16 | Qnx Software Systems (Wavemakers), Inc. | Periodic signal enhancement system |
| US8284947B2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2012-10-09 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Reverberation estimation and suppression system |
| US8027833B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2011-09-27 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | System for suppressing passing tire hiss |
| US8311819B2 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2012-11-13 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | System for detecting speech with background voice estimates and noise estimates |
| US8170875B2 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2012-05-01 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Speech end-pointer |
| US7844453B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2010-11-30 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | Robust noise estimation |
| US8326620B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-12-04 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Robust downlink speech and noise detector |
| US8335685B2 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2012-12-18 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Ambient noise compensation system robust to high excitation noise |
| US8850154B2 (en) | 2007-09-11 | 2014-09-30 | 2236008 Ontario Inc. | Processing system having memory partitioning |
| US8904400B2 (en) | 2007-09-11 | 2014-12-02 | 2236008 Ontario Inc. | Processing system having a partitioning component for resource partitioning |
| US8694310B2 (en) | 2007-09-17 | 2014-04-08 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Remote control server protocol system |
| US8209514B2 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2012-06-26 | Qnx Software Systems Limited | Media processing system having resource partitioning |
| EP2249333B1 (de) * | 2009-05-06 | 2014-08-27 | Nuance Communications, Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schätzung einer Grundfrequenz eines Sprachsignals |
| CN114859308A (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 陕西昱琛航空设备股份有限公司 | 一种雷达目标模拟器及其校准方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4017859A (en) * | 1975-12-22 | 1977-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multi-path signal enhancing apparatus |
| US4112430A (en) * | 1977-06-01 | 1978-09-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Beamformer for wideband signals |
| US4333170A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1982-06-01 | Northrop Corporation | Acoustical detection and tracking system |
| US4254417A (en) * | 1979-08-20 | 1981-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Beamformer for arrays with rotational symmetry |
| DE3531230A1 (de) * | 1985-08-31 | 1987-03-05 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren zur detektion von fahrzeugen |
| US4912767A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1990-03-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Distributed noise cancellation system |
| JP2791036B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-23 | 1998-08-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 音声処理装置 |
| JPH0272398A (ja) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 音声信号用前処理装置 |
| US4982375A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-01-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Acoustic intensity probe |
-
1992
- 1992-12-23 DE DE4243831A patent/DE4243831A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-12-11 DE DE59309463T patent/DE59309463D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-11 EP EP93120010A patent/EP0612059B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-23 US US08/171,472 patent/US5479517A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0612059A2 (de) | 1994-08-24 |
| DE4243831A1 (de) | 1994-06-30 |
| DE59309463D1 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
| US5479517A (en) | 1995-12-26 |
| EP0612059A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
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