Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
  • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
  • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
  • F42C15/184—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
  • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
  • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
  • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
  • F42C9/18—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a system for starting and self-destruction of a munition, in particular of a submunion intended to be ejected from a cargo shell with a clean rotational movement around an axis
• the priming part comprises means for priming a military charge housed in the munition, said priming means being carried by a slide movable from a safety position to an arming position, a main striker for initiating the priming means sensitive to percussion and an inertia impact detector for actuating the main striker at the time of the impact on the ground of the ammunition and causing the initiation of the priming means by axial percussion
• the self-destruction part includes a secondary striker armed by a spring.
• the munition comprises a body of generally cylindrical shape which contains the military charge.
• This body is surmounted by a housing in which is housed a Security and Weapon Device or DSA including in particular the system for priming and self-destruction of the munition.
• DSA Security and Weapon Device
• the slide which supports the load initiating means is housed in the part of the case which is adjacent to the military charge, while the impact detector is mounted in the other part of the case.
• the impact detector generally comprises a screw, one end of which is connected to a parachute ribbon and the other end of which supports the main striker.
• the screw is aligned along the longitudinal axis of the ammunition and it is screwed through a nut which is movable by inertia in a bore of the housing.
• the main striker is not located in the axis of the priming means, but it is often used to lock the slider in the safety position.
• the parachute tape In normal operation, after ejection of the ammunition from the cargo shell for example, the parachute tape is deployed to stabilize the trajectory of the ammunition during its fall towards the ground and to give it an orientation determined at the time of its impact on the ground.
• the deployment of the parachute tape combined with the rotational movement which is printed on the munition after it has been ejected around its longitudinal axis, results in a relative displacement of the impact detector screw relative to the nut in a direction which tends to move the slider and the main striker away from each other.
• the slider then passes into the cocking position and the striker is found axially aligned with the priming means.
• the detector screw-nut assembly moves by inertia in the direction of the slide, which has the effect of causing the axial percussion of the means d 'priming by the main striker secured to the screw and causing instantaneous ammunition operation.
• the impact detector operates in a preferred manner along the longitudinal axis of the munition. In other words, if the trajectory of the ammunition at the time of its impact on the ground corresponds substantially to this axis, the probability of having instantaneous operation of the ammunition is very high, then we are in optimal operating conditions.
• the subject of the invention is a system for initiating and self-destroying a munition, in particular a submunition intended to be ejected from a cargo shell with a clean rotational movement around a axis, and comprising an initiating means carried by a movable slide from a safety position to an arming position, a main striker for initiating the initiating means and a secondary self-destruct striker armed by a spring,
• the self-destruction part includes:
• centrifugal trigger pivotally mounted about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the ammunition, trigger movable by the effect of centrifugal force against the action of a return spring
• the retaining means being released by the trigger when the rotational movement of the ammunition ceases, for example after the impact on the ground of the ammunition, and when the trigger changes position following the relaxation of its return spring,
• the self-destruction part of the system according to the invention is actuated when the ammunition is no longer subjected to a rotational movement, that is to say after its impact on the ground. Its operation is almost instantaneous, whereas in previous systems, the pyro ⁇ technical delay is initiated during the fall of the ammunition and after the passage of the slide in the arming position, and its operation is delayed by a certain delay after the ground impact of the ammunition.
• the use of a secondary striker ensuring a radial percussion of the priming means adds to the reliability of the self-destruction system which aims to compensate for a failure of the main striker.
• the system is also simpler and more reliable because it does not use a pyrotechnic delay.
• the holding means is formed by a finger integral with the trigger and disposed at one end of the latter, the finger cooperating with an annular groove arranged on a body of the secondary striker so as to maintain the latter ci with its spring in the armed state, when the trigger return spring is compressed and to release it when the trigger, pushed by its return spring, has adopted a firing position.
• the striker, secondary remains in the armed state as a result of the blocking ensured by the locking finger of the centrifugal detector, this finger retracting after the impact on the ground of the ammunition to release the secondary striker.
• the system comprises means for maintaining the secondary striker with its spring in the armed state when the slide is in the safety position.
• the advantage of such an arrangement is that it makes it possible to control the energy available for self-destruction. indeed this is provided by a spring which is kept in the compressed state during storage and during the arming phase.
• the secondary striker when the system is in the safety position, the secondary striker is maintained in the armed state by the slide on which it comes to bear. According to another embodiment, when the system is in the safety position, the secondary striker is held in the cocked state by the trigger finger, the latter being held by a part of the slide in a position such that it compresses its own return spring.
• the slide is a drawer movable in translation from its safety position to its cocking position, and carries a stud on which the trigger is supported when the drawer is in the safety position.
• Pressing the trigger on the nipple ensures that the secondary striker is kept in the armed state by the trigger finger without pressing it on the slide.
• the trigger comprises a notch intended to receive a projecting stop on a lateral face of the slide, after the impact on the ground of the ammunition, to prevent the drawer from passing into the cocking position.
• the mobile element of the centrifugal detector comprises a locking means to prevent the passage of the slide in the arming position after the impact on the ground of the ammunition.
• the slide is produced in the form of a flap mounted rotating around an axis parallel to the axis of the ammunition, and the flap comprises a spout on which the end of the trigger.
• the end of the trigger constitutes a lock preventing any rotation of the flap.
• the secondary striker is constituted by a hollow body closed at one end by a bottom wall extended externally by a percussion point and closed at its other end by a closing disc fixed to the housing, the spring of arming the secondary striker being housed inside said body.
• the secondary striker is integral with the trigger, the spring of the secondary striker then being constituted by the return spring of the trigger.
• the priming and self-destruction system is mounted in a box surmounting the body of the munition which contains the military charge, the slide which supports the priming means having a first face adjacent to the military charge and a second opposite face adjacent to the impact detector, and according to another characteristic of the invention, the secondary striker and the centrifugal detector are mounted outside the slide and in the vicinity of a face lateral thereof, this face comprising said opening through which the secondary striker can initiate the priming means.
• the secondary striker and the slide will be substantially coplanar, the secondary striker being movable in translation along an axis inclined relative to the axis of movement of the slide.
• the operation of the secondary striker can intervene whatever the direction of the trajectory of the ammunition at the time of its impact on the ground.
• FIG. 1 is a view in partial longitudinal section d '' a system for initiating and self-destroying ammunition, according to the invention
• FIG. 1a is a detail view of the slide alone
• FIG. 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of FIG. 1, with the slide which supports the priming means of the ammunition shown in the safety position,
• FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG.
• FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG.
• FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2, after blocking of the slider by the self-destruction part of the system when the slider has not passed into the arming position,
• FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3, to illustrate a second embodiment of the invention, the slide being shown in the cocking position
• FIG. 7 is a view similar to that of FIG. 6, after actuation of the self-destruction part of the system according to the invention
• FIG. 8 is a sectional view along line II-II of FIG. 1, of a munition according to a third embodiment of the invention, the slide being shown in the safety position,
• FIG. 9 is a view similar to that of FIG. 8, the slide being shown in the cocking position
• FIG. 10 is a view similar to that of FIG. 8, after actuation of the self-destruction part of the system. ,
• FIG. 11 is a view in partial longitudinal section of a system for priming and self-destructing ammunition, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the section being taken along the broken planes
• FIG. 12 is a sectional view along the plane XII-XII, the trace of which is visible in FIG. 11, the flap being shown in the safety position,
• FIG. 13 is a sectional view along the parallel planes, the trace of which XIII-XIII is visible in FIG. 12,
• FIG. 14 is a view similar to that of FIG. 12, the shutter being shown in the cocking position
• FIG. 15 is a view similar to that of FIG. 12, after actuation of the self-destruction part of the system. .-
• Ammunition 1 as shown in Figures 1 and 2 according to a first embodiment, comprises a body 2 of generally cylindrical shape which contains a military charge 3. Towards one end, the body 2 is surmounted by a housing 5 in which is housed the priming and self-destruction system of ammunition 1.
• the priming part of the system comprises in particular a pyrotechnic chain 10 housed in the part of the housing 5 which is adjacent to the military charge 3, and an impact detector 11 with inertia housed in the part of the housing 5 which is opposite the charge 3 .
• the pyrotechnic chain 10 comprises an initiating means 12, such as a primer, carried by a slide 13 which has the shape of a drawer movable in translation from a safety position (FIG. 1) to an arming position. ( Figure 3) where it partially protrudes outside the housing through an opening 14.
• the drawer 13 Towards one end, called the rear end, the drawer 13 has a cavity 15 in which the priming means 12 is housed.
• This cavity 15 opens to the outside by an upper opening 15a located on the face of the drawer 13 adjacent to the detector of 'impact 11. It also opens to the outside by an opposite lower opening 15b located on the face of the drawer 13 adjacent to the load 3 and which is for example closed by a spangle (not shown). It finally opens to the outside, and to the rear part of the drawer 13, through an opening l ⁇ c provided on a lateral face of the drawer.
• the drawer 13 is mounted between two parallel side walls 16a and 16b of the housing 5, and its displacement in translation along an axis Y-Y from its safety position to its arming position is ensured by a spring 17.
• the underside of the slide 13, adjacent to the load 3 has a longitudinal recess 18 delimited between two bottom walls 13a and 13b, the wall 13a being adjacent to the cavity 15 which encloses the starting means 12.
• the impact detector 11 comprises a movable assembly consisting of a nut 20, a screw 21 and a main striker 22. More precisely, the nut is mounted in a bore 24 of the housing axially aligned with the axis XX of rotation of the ammunition 1, this bore 24 opening out of the housing 5. The nut 20 is retained in the bore 24 of the housing ⁇ by means of a shoulder 25 resulting from a reduction in diameter by ⁇ the nut 20 and which cooperates with a complementary shoulder resulting from a reduction in diameter of the bore 24.
• the screw 21 is axially aligned along the axis XX and it is screwed through the nut 20, partly protruding by one end outside the housing 5, 0 while its other end supports the main striker 22 terminated by a percussion point 22a.
• the self-destruction part of the system 30 comprises a secondary firing pin armed 'by a spring 31 and a centrifugal detector 32.
• the secondary firing pin 30 consists of a hollow body 33 closed at one end by a bottom wall 34 beyond which a percussion point 30a projects.
• the secondary striker 30 is movable in translation inside a housing 35 of the housing 5.
• This housing 35 5 is open at its two ends, and it opens out through the wall 16b which delimits the housing of the drawer 13, so that the translational movement of the secondary perciiteuc- 30 takes place along an axis ZZ which is angularly offset from the axis of movement YY 0 of the slide 13 by an angle a of about 30 °.
• the arming spring 31 of the secondary striker 30 is mounted in the body 33 and it bears, on the side opposite to the percussion tip 30a, against a closure plate 36 secured to the housing 5.
• the body 33 of the secondary striker 30 bears by its bottom wall 34 against the face side of the drawer 13, which keeps the secondary striker 30 in the armed state with its arming spring 31 in the banded state.
• the centrifugal detector 32 comprises a movable element or centrifugal trigger 40 which is pivotally mounted around an axis 41 extending parallel to the axis XX of proper rotation of the munition 1.
• the trigger 40 is associated with a spring 42 partially wound around the axis 41 and one end of which is anchored in the housing 5 and the other end 42a of which bears against the trigger 40 to keep it in abutment against the drawer 13.
• the trigger 40 comprises a locking finger 43 which is intended to project through an opening 44 inside the housing 35 to bear against an annular groove 37 arranged on the body 33 of the secondary striker 30.
• This finger locking constitutes a means for holding the secondary striker 30 in the armed state when the priming system is rotated around the axis XX of the munition. It thus makes it possible to maintain the secondary striker in the armed state when the drawer 13 has passed into the cocking position.
• the trigger 40 Towards its other end, the trigger 40 has a notch 45 intended to receive a stop 46 projecting from the lateral face of the drawer 13 adjacent to the trigger 40, under conditions which will be explained below.
• the drawer 13 is in its safety position with its arming spring 17 in the banded state, and it is held in this position by the main striker 22 which protrudes, by its tip 22a, in the orifice 28 of the drawer 13, the secondary striker 30 is retained in the armed state with its banded spring 31, bearing by its bottom wall 34 against the drawer 13, and
• the trigger 40 occupies a first position where it exerts no action on the secondary striker 30, its associated spring 42 exerting a slight force which keeps it only in abutment against the drawer 13.
• the ammunition After its ejection, the ammunition is rotated around its longitudinal axis XX, and the resulting centrifugal forces cause the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 to pivot about its axis 41.
• the trigger 40 s' then moves away from the drawer 13 by compressing the spring 42.
• the arming spring 17 relaxes and the drawer 13 moves towards its arming position which is reached when the bottom wall 13a of the recess 18 of the drawer 13 has come into contact with the fixed stop 19
• the secondary striker 30 is no longer supported thereon, but it is however kept in the armed state by means of the finger 43 of the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32.
• the lateral opening l ⁇ c of the housing 15 which contains the priming means 12, is then axially aligned with the percussion tip 30a of the secondary striker 30.
• the impact of the munition 1 on the ground causes a strong deceleration which causes the displacement of the screw (21) / nut (20) / main striker (22) assembly in the direction of the drawer 13.
• the main striker 22 is axially aligned with the priming means 12 and it can thus initiate it by percussion and cause instantaneous operation of the munition 1.
• the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 is returned to its first position due to the relaxation of the associated return spring 42.
• the finger 43 of the trigger 40 emerges from the opening 44 and thus releases the secondary striker 30 which, as a result of the relaxation of its arming spring, 31 strikes, r.adia.lement. the priming means 12 with its tip 30a through the opening l ⁇ c of the drawer 13 ( Figure 4).
• the priming means For an initiation of the priming means to be possible by radial or axial percussion, it is sufficient that the latter comprises a sufficiently thin envelope to be able to be perforated both radially and axially, envelope inside which is placed a priming composition sensitive to percussion.
• Figure la is a detail view of the slider showing an example of such an initiation.
• composition 53 will be placed directly by compression in the housing 15 of the slider equipped with the upper 50 and lateral flakes 51.
• the closing flap 52 is then added and maintained for example by an annular crimping 54 of the opening 15b of the slider l ⁇ .
• a counterbore will be provided at the opening 15b of the slide to allow crimping and prevent the latter from overflowing from the underside of the drawer and disturbing the sliding of the drawer relative to the housing.
• the initiation of the priming means 12 causes the detonation of the military charge 3 and the ammunition 1 is neutralized.
• the priming and self-destruction system is inoperative.
• the main striker 22 is not axially aligned with the starting means 12, and the secondary striker 30 is not axially aligned with the opening 15c of the drawer 13.
• the invention provides a notch 45 produced on the trigger 40 towards its end opposite to its finger 43.
• the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 being in its first position (following the stopping of the rotation of the munition 1), the notch 45 is located opposite the lateral stop 46 of the drawer 13. Under these conditions, if the drawer 13 tends to move towards its cocking position, as a result of an accidental shock, its stop 46 will be automatically received in the notch 45 of the trigger 40 which will prevent cocking of the drawer 13 (figure 5).
• FIGS. 6 and 7 A second embodiment of the self-destruction part is illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
• the secondary striker 30 is integral with the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32.
• the priming and self-destruction system is in the position shown in FIG. 6.
• the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 has passed from its first to its second position by having moved away from the slide 13 and the associated spring 42 is in the banded state.
• the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 After passage of the drawer 13 in the cocking position and in the event of a malfunction of the main striker 22 at the time of the impact on the ground of the ammunition 1, the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 changes from its second to its first position by the relaxation of the spring 42 following the stopping of rotation of the munition 1.
• the arming spring of the secondary striker 13 is constituted by the spring 42 which returns the trigger 40 of the centrifugal detector 32 from its second to its first position.
• the secondary striker 30 is housed in an orifice 28a provided at the level of the lateral face of the drawer 13 located opposite the trigger.
• the secondary striker thus plays the role of an additional lock for the drawer, which increases the safety of the priming system.
• the secondary striker 30 could replace the means 45 and 46 of the first embodiment to avoid the drawer
• a third embodiment is shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10.
• FIG. 1 is a representation which is common to this embodiment and to the first mode described with reference to the figures 1 to 5.
• This third embodiment differs from the first embodiment only at the level of the self-destruction part. If reference is made to FIG. 8 which represents the priming system in the safety position, it is noted that the trigger 40 still has a finger 43 which projects into the opening 44 arranged in the body 5.
• the finger 43 bears against the body 33 of the secondary striker at an annular groove 37 arranged therein.
• the trigger 40 therefore maintains the secondary striker with its spring 31 in the bandaged state when the priming system is in the safety position
• the bottom wall 34 is not in abutment against the drawer 13 and there is a play j between these two elements.
• the spring 4.2. of the waste is also in the compressed position, it bears by its end 42a against the trigger and by its end 42b against a flange 23 of the body 5.
• the trigger is held in this position by a stud 47 secured to the drawer 13.
• Figure 9 shows the same system when the slide 13 is in the cocking position.
• the ammunition is driven in a rotational movement which has the effect of maintaining the trigger 40 in its locking position of the secondary striker 30, with the springs 42 and 31 in the banded state,
• the screw 21 is unscrewed by the action of the parachute ribbon.
• the main striker moved and released the drawer 13 which adopted its armed position.
• Figure 10 shows the priming system on arrival on the ground. Stopping the rotation of the munition releases the trigger 40 which, pushed by its spring 42, abuts against the housing ⁇ .
• the finger 43 then emerges from the opening 44 and it releases the secondary striker 30.
• the latter urged by its spring 31, strikes the initiating means 12 radially through the opening l ⁇ c of the drawer.
• the trigger 40 is simply supported on the stud 47 of the drawer 13. It therefore does not disturb the passage of the drawer in the armed position by the action of the spring 17. It will also be noted that, in the case of 'A munition dispersed by an artillery cargo shell, the ammunition is rotated before it disperses out of the shell, this due to the rotation of the latter. The trigger 40 deviates slightly from the drawer before the dispersion of the ammunition, therefore before the release of the drawer by the main striker. absolutely does not disturb the passage of the drawer to its armed position.
• Figures 11 to 15 show a fourth embodiment of a priming system according to the invention.
• the slide is produced in the form of a rotary flap 113 carrying a primer 112.
• FIGS 11, 12 and 13 show the system in its safety position.
• the priming system is enclosed in the body 102 of the ammunition. It is held in abutment on a bottom plate 155 by a closing cover 156 made of sheet metal. Lid 156 is made integral with the body 102 by means of an annular rim 157 which is put in place by deformation in a corresponding groove in the body 102.
• the bottom 155 is pierced with an axial orifice 158 which is intended to allow the priming of the military charge 103 by the primer 112 integral with the flap 113.
• the main striker 122 carries at its rear part a parachute ribbon 150, made integral with the striker by crimping 151.
• the striker 122 is slidably mounted in a bore 152 arranged in a housing 105.
• a front part of the main striker 122 comprises two flanges 153a and 153b having the same diameter.
• the flange 153a is adjusted in the bore 152
• the flange 153b is adjusted in a bore 154 of the flap 113 and constitutes a lock preventing the flap 113 from passing into the armed position.
• Figure 12 shows more precisely the shape of the flap 113. It is rotatably mounted on an axis 159 integral with the housing 105 and parallel to the axis X-X of the munition (see also Figure 13).
• the shutter is immobilized in its safety position shown in Figure 12 by three latches.
• a first lock is formed by the flange 153b of the striker (not shown in this figure but adjusted in the bore 154).
• a second lock is an inertia lock comprising a counterweight 160 engaged in one. hole 161 of the flap 113. The core is held in this position by a spring
• the flyweight is intended to fade against the action of its spring when firing the shell inside which is placed this ammunition.
• the counterweight remains trapped in the space 163 which surrounds the spring 162 and does not resume its place in the hole 161 of the shutter.
• the flyweight remains trapped because it is subjected to a centrifugal acceleration which pushes it against the walls of the space 163 and prevents it from returning to its safety position.
• a third lock is constituted by one end 164 of a centrifugal trigger 140 rotatably mounted around an axis 141 parallel to the axis of rotation X-X of the munition.
• the flap 113 has a spout 165 which comes into contact with the end 164 of the trigger 140.
• the trigger 140 is held in abutment on the flap 113 by its spring 142.
• the spring 142 is partially wound around the axis 141, it is supported by its end 142a on the trigger 140 and by its end 142b on the housing 105.
• the trigger 140 comprises, as in the previous embodiments, a finger 143 which penetrates through an opening 144 inside a housing 135 arranged in the housing 105.
• the locking finger 143 presses against a body 133 of a secondary striker 130 at an annular groove 137 arranged therein.
• the trigger 140 maintains the secondary striker with its spring 131 in the banded state when the priming system is in the safety position.
• the operating mode of this priming system is as follows: When firing the cargo shell which contains the ammunition, the counterweight 160 is released from the flap 113 by the action of the inertia forces.
• the parachute ribbon deploys and pulls on the main striker.
• the flange 153b is then released from the bore 154 of the flap.
• the flap 113 then adopts its armed position represented in FIG. 14 by the effect of the centrifugal forces of inertia which are exerted on it. So that it can pass into this position, the flap will be defined so that its center of gravity is placed to the right of the XIII-XIII axis when the flap is in the safety position ( Figure 12).
• the spout 165 of the flap 113 is then supported on an abutment surface 166 arranged on the housing 105.
• a lock 167 can be provided, constituted in a known manner by a pin pushed by a spring.
• the pin and the spring are positioned in a housing (not shown) arranged in the bottom plate 155.
• the spring is kept bandaged by the underside of the flap 113.
• the trigger 140 then adopts the position shown in FIG. 15 in which, pushed by its spring 142, it comes into abutment on the flap 113.
• the finger 143 disengages, then e from the opening 144 and it releases the secondary striker 130.
• the latter pushed by its spring 131, strikes radially the priming means 112 through the opening 115c of the flap 113.
• the release of the secondary striker is made possible by the fact that the flap has a notch 168.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
• Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=9436788

Family Applications (1)

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• 1992
  • 1992-12-18 FR FR9215313A patent/FR2699660B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1993
  • 1993-12-01 US US08/244,076 patent/US5440992A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-12-01 EP EP94900893A patent/EP0627067B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-12-01 WO PCT/FR1993/001178 patent/WO1994015170A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1993-12-01 DE DE69313830T patent/DE69313830T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-12-17 IL IL10807293A patent/IL108072A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-12-17 ZA ZA939458A patent/ZA939458B/xx unknown

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