EP0631034B1 - Palier de butée à compression contrÔlée pour anneaux de cuvelage de tunnels - Google Patents

Palier de butée à compression contrÔlée pour anneaux de cuvelage de tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0631034B1
EP0631034B1 EP94109459A EP94109459A EP0631034B1 EP 0631034 B1 EP0631034 B1 EP 0631034B1 EP 94109459 A EP94109459 A EP 94109459A EP 94109459 A EP94109459 A EP 94109459A EP 0631034 B1 EP0631034 B1 EP 0631034B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thrust bearing
cavities
bearing according
box
webs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94109459A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0631034A1 (fr
Inventor
Norbert Herwegh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daetwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel Gummi und Kunststoffwerke
Original Assignee
Daetwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel Gummi und Kunststoffwerke
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Application filed by Daetwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel Gummi und Kunststoffwerke filed Critical Daetwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel Gummi und Kunststoffwerke
Publication of EP0631034A1 publication Critical patent/EP0631034A1/fr
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Publication of EP0631034B1 publication Critical patent/EP0631034B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
    • E21D11/388—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members having longitudinal cavities communicating with the exterior on the outer side of the lining elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a controlled compressible thrust bearing for segments in a segment ring, consisting of a certain to be arranged between two adjoining segments, due to compression of the thrust bearing and the resulting mutual approximation in height of the box made of elastically deformable material, the inside of which several Bridges has separate, deformable cavities.
  • Tubbings are rectangular concrete slabs for lining tunnels or vaults. As a rule, they have a curvature in order to adapt to the tunnel or vaulted arch. By assembling segments on their faces, a ring is created, and as the tunnel continues to advance, this ring is preceded by further rings of the same type, so that finally a tube, or at least an open shell, is created, which now has a supporting function in relation to the surrounding area Depending on the local conditions, rock takes over when the tunnel tube is excavated.
  • the rock formation surrounding the pipe may be compressed, causing the original cross-section to be reduced.
  • This process can run at different speeds and usually takes a few months before it comes to a standstill. As a rule, the largest movements can be expected within the first hours after opening.
  • the invention now aims to create a special element for this process in the form of a thrust bearing, which not only allows this approaching over a much larger extent, but is also designed so that this extent can be freely determined in advance by a controlled compression of the thrust bearing .
  • a thrust bearing which is characterized by the features of claim 1.
  • FIG. 1 sections of two adjacent rings for lining tunnels are shown, which drilled or bored in rock formations. were driven up with a large mountain overlap. In such formations, settlement can occur immediately after excavation and removal of the excavated material, which results in a reduction in the tunnel diameter. If one wanted to prevent the settlement from the outset, a lining of a wall thickness would be necessary, which would not only be inefficient, but would also make it necessary to drill to a larger diameter than the nominal diameter because of the size of this wall thickness. Since the aforementioned settlement subsides after some time anyway, it is more cost-effective to provide lining by means of tubbing rings, which give way under the mountain pressures occurring during the settlement by reducing their diameter and thus their circumference.
  • thrust bearings 2 can be designed. It is the same in all embodiments that such a thrust bearing 2 is essentially a thick plate made of rubber with a grid, which thus forms a box which has longitudinal webs 3 and transverse webs 4 in its interior, which together form cavities 5.
  • the width and length of the box are adapted to the dimensions of the end faces of the segments 1, 1 '.
  • the height H is preferably double the desired deflection, and the sum of all cavity volumes is 50 percent of the volume of the box defined by height, width and length.
  • FIG. 3 shows an adhesive layer 6 between the respective tubbing 1 or respectively. 1 'and the thrust bearing 2.
  • the connection is made positively through a recess 7 in the corresponding end face of the segment.
  • This figure also shows how the edges of the box or outermost crossbars 4 'can be made stronger by having the largest cross-section at half height and the smallest at their upper and lower ends. This counteracts excessive bulging.
  • the longitudinal webs 3 and the transverse webs 4 expediently have a reinforcement 8, as shown in FIG. 5 for the latter.
  • This reinforcement expediently consists of a cross-inlaid band consisting of glass fibers or having at least such, which in this way connects the longitudinal webs 3 and the cross webs 4 including the box walls. In this way, their compression is carried out to some extent in a controlled manner in order to also reliably achieve the final shape which is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 already mentioned. It can be seen there that the webs 3, 4 after the Compress each other to their half height, and thus at least inside the thrust bearing 2 no further deformation takes place.
  • it may be unvulcanized rubber, which is vulcanized only after the basic deformation has been reached, but other plastically deformable, crosslinkable and non-crosslinkable materials are also suitable.
  • a fine rubber powder from waste which is provided with a lubricant and crosslinking agent.
  • these In order to be able to achieve a deformation in spite of the filled cavities 5, these must be connected to one another, and this entire composite must be provided with one or more openings towards the inside of the tunnel. These openings can be controlled if the deformation behavior of the rubber is used and the openings can be closed with progressive deformation of the grid element. But it is also possible to let excess material escape in a controlled manner through a valve. We will come back to this later.
  • a branch is connected, which leads through the adjacent side wall of the box to a manometer 14 and to a drain valve 15 already mentioned.
  • filling compound can flow away through the holes 13, similar to a drainage line for leachate, and flow into the line.
  • the pressure can be read on the manometer 14 and regulated by means of the drain valve 15. The deformation of the thrust bearing 2 can thus be controlled even better.
  • the filling compound 9, which fills the cavities and partially flows off through the lines is not shown in this figure.
  • the openings 10, 11 known from FIG. 5 are also present here, at least in those webs 3, 4 through which no line 12 or respectively. 12 'passes. You must ensure pressure equalization within the cavities 5 when the filling compound 9 flows off.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 show further embodiments of the thrust bearing 2.
  • the cavities 5 are open at the top and bottom.
  • the transverse webs 4 shown here, but also the longitudinal webs 3, have concave ends, so that rather sharp-edged edges 16 are formed, which seal particularly well against the uncontrolled escape of the filling compound 9 at the adjacent segment 1, 1 '. 8
  • the cavities 5 are closed at the top and bottom by covers 17 made of rubber or plastic, so that no filling compound 9 is guaranteed to escape. This must flow through the already known openings 11 in order to be able to flow out in a special opening 10 'in one longitudinal wall either in an uncontrolled manner or then with the aid of the device 14, 15 (not shown here).
  • the lid 17 can be glued to the segments; However, their use above all allows positive connections to be created by means of ribs which are formed on the covers and which engage in corresponding grooves in the respective tubbing.
  • Fig. 8 shows one of such ribs 18, which run parallel to the narrow side of the box and can be supplemented by longitudinal ribs 19 connecting them if necessary. If these ribs are used, the cover may not be glued together and is sometimes even replaced by the application of a lubricant to reduce the friction between the tubbing and the cover.
  • pins arranged only at intervals from one another and only corresponding depressions instead of the grooves in the tubbing can be provided.
  • Pins and recesses are particularly suitable to form a shear-resistant connection, i.e. to prevent the thrust bearing from being able to move transversely to the circumference of the segment ring under the action of lateral forces, such as occur with the trapezoidal segment rings mentioned at the beginning, relative to the segment rings adjacent to it.
  • each tubbing must be provided with a sealing frame that completely surrounds it on its narrow sides. Not just the sealing frames of neighboring segments of the same Tubbing rings are then sealed against each other under pressure, but all sealing frames of a tubbing ring against those of the adjacent rings. However, these sealing frames can only be compressed to a limited extent. The problem therefore arises of arranging them in such a way that they do not hinder the circumferential reduction of the segment ring made possible by the thrust bearings, in particular also in view of the fact that, according to FIG.
  • the thrust bearings of adjacent rings do not abut one another, but are arranged offset. It follows from this that when reducing the circumference of the segments in which this enables compression of the thrust bearing, relative movements between the tubbings of one ring and those adjacent to them of the neighboring rings must occur. However, the sealing effect of the sealing frames should be retained.
  • FIG. 9 shows a seal for moderate water pressures.
  • Each tubbing 1, 1 'now has a sealing frame 20, 20' surrounding its narrow or end face, which is embedded in corresponding circumferential grooves 21.
  • Fig. 9 shows this sealing frame both in top view and in section; from the latter, the cavities 22 which enable their own compressibility are shown schematically.
  • the sealing frame 20 now includes a section of the same on its one side, here on its upper, the thrust bearing 2, which has its own grooves 23 for this purpose, which influences the shape of the cavities 5, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the upper sealing frame 20, on the other hand, is located in the tubbing groove 21 where it contacts the lower sealing frame 20 ', because the tubbing 1 rests there on the thrust bearing 2.
  • This arrangement applies to all sealing frames of a segment ring.
  • the grooves 23 are located on the top and the adjoining narrow sides of the thrust bearing, where they connect to the grooves 21.
  • the tubbing groove on the side of the tubbing on which the thrust bearing 2 rests is thus replaced by the grooves 23 of the thrust bearing, so that tubbing 1 'and thrust bearing 2 form a unit for the sealing frame to be assembled.
  • This also applies to all other segments of a ring.
  • a plastic adhesive strip 24 must be placed in the sealing plane between thrust bearing 2 and tubbing, which extends laterally to the grooves 21 and is at least as wide as this (Fig. 10) can be provided.
  • This strip is intended to prevent the seal package, consisting of the thrust bearing and the seal frame, from infiltrating under water. At the same time, it seals the transition area when it hits the groove 21. With increasing compression, if slight displacements between the thrust bearing and the tubbing can occur at this point, this mass expands in the direction of the groove and thus seals possible gaps.
  • a sealing adhesive strip 24 is not required.
  • a cuff-shaped recess 26 is provided on the underside of the thrust bearing 2 in the area of the groove, which is filled with an unvulcanized mass and can take on the same task when pressing as the sealing adhesive strip 24 in the thrust bearing not glued.
  • each sealing frame 20 and the sections adjoining it in the annular joint area can also slide within a certain distance within the grooves 21.
  • the grooves 21 are treated over a distance of approx. 15 cm, starting from the corner in the direction of the ring joint, with a coating, the so-called primer, which has a very low friction ratio in the fully reacted state.
  • a liquefied variant of the sealing strip can be used instead of the primer, which acts like a lubricating film when dried under pressure.
  • the rule applies that the greater the water pressure to be sealed, the greater the sealing pressure of the sealing system. If the water pressure can get in a wedge shape between two seals that are pressed together, he tries to push them apart and thus removes some of the sealing pressure.
  • the arrangement of the sealing ribs which have to be attached as far as possible to the outside of the seal, allows the specific sealing pressure to be increased in this area and a water wedge between the seals to be avoided.
  • Such an embodiment, which can be used here for a sealing frame is described in Swiss Patent 679 510 and shown in FIG. 13.
  • One of the sealing frames, here the frame 20, receives a connection 27 of all of its hollow chambers 22 to one side.
  • a sealing frame 29 is provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 14. It is divided into two functional areas, the anchoring area 30 and the sealing area 31, which are connected by means of a web 32, which acts like a joint.
  • the active water pressure can intervene between these areas and presses the sealing area 31 against the opposite one.
  • the actual sealing body 33 is crescent-shaped on the outside and is considerably reinforced in the middle. On the inside, i.e. the water-away side, it lies flush with a groove on the tubbing or on the thrust bearing 2, while on the water side it shows a pre-tension corresponding to the joint tolerances to be recorded.
  • the free crescent-shaped tip 34 lies against the opposite sealing body and here forms a sealing point, respectively. seen in length a sealing line.
  • the sealing mechanism works better, the smaller the area that a given force presses on. This means that the higher the specific contact pressure, the higher the sealing effect.
  • the arched design and the reinforcement of the cross section in the middle of the seal ensure that the seal tip is always in contact and can generate a high specific pressure here.
  • one of the two sealing frames is mounted in the thrust bearing 2 at each point of contact between the thrust bearing and the tubbing, while the other lies in the tubbing groove in this section.
  • the seal is pressed very little by its own preload, but even more by the active water pressure.
  • the selected embodiment creates a large area that is pressed by the water pressure in the direction of the sealing edge, while the actual sealing area is very small. This favorable ratio is decisive for the permanent sealing effect.
  • the water pressure not only presses against the sealing tip 34, but evenly on the entire sealing body 33 and tries to push it out of the joint at the opposite end.
  • the water pressure which presses the anchoring side into the groove, also acts against this force. This effectively prevents the cavities 5 of the thrust bearing from being filled with water over time and no longer being compressible.
  • the uniform force acting in the direction of the groove base is available in the area of the joint 32 and the profile anchoring area 30 is not deformed in itself, it is conical, i.e. it increases evenly in the direction of the pivot point so that it can evenly derive tensile forces that occur there.
  • the anchoring area is designed so that it can be mechanically anchored in the joint.
  • the sealing frame which rests on thrust bearing 2 is compressed when it is compressed. Even if the outer contact surface is provided with a sliding layer and the groove 21 has been treated with a lubricious primer, the compressive force under certain conditions can lead to warping (deforming, evading), especially the sealing edge.
  • a spiral spring is inserted into the sealing body, which causes a deformation force, embedded in the rubber, acts as a ring reinforcement, and the enclosed rubber forms a rod-shaped spring body, which is underneath Pressure deformed evenly along the entire length, makes.
  • the sealing frame can absorb the circumferential reduction imposed on it by the compression of the thrust bearing. This applies to all of the illustrated embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Panneau de butée, susceptible d'être soumis à une compression contrôlée, pour des panneaux de cuvelage dans un anneau de cuvelage, constitué d'un caisson (2) déterminé, à disposer entre deux panneaux de cuvelage limitrophes l'un à l'autre, pouvant être comprimés en hauteur par suite de la compression du panneau de butée et de leur approche mutuelle, conditionnée de ce fait, caisson réalisé en un matériau déformable élastiquement, qui présente intérieurement une pluralité d'espace creux (5) déformables, séparés les uns des autres par des nervures (3, 4), caractérisé en ce que tant les nervures (3), qu'également les autres nervures (4), s'étendant transversalement par rapport à celles-ci, s'étendent jusqu'à son autre face de pose, ces faces de pose étant constituées d'un agencement en réseau, s'étendant transversalement dans la direction de la compression, des espaces creux (5), et les espaces creux (5) étant déterminés pour que la diminution, se produisant lors de la compression du panneau de butée, de l'espacement entre les deux surfaces de pose s'achève par un remplissage final complet, des nervures (3, 4) par le matériau, qui s'échappe latéralement par rapport à la direction de la diminution de l'espacement, les nervures ayant une épaisseur qui est prédéterminable du fait de la diminution d'espacement souhaité, résultant de la proportion du volume total de l'espace creux (5) à l'état non comprimé du caisson (2) vis-à-vis de son volume, défini par sa longueur, sas largeur et sa hauteur.
  2. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le volume total de tous les espaces creux (5) est de la moitié du volume du caisson.
  3. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les espaces creux (5) sont remplis d'une masse (9) déformable plastiquement.
  4. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les espaces creux (5) sont reliés ensemble par des ouvertures (10, 11) ménagées dans les nervures (3, 4).
  5. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que toutes les ouvertures (10, 11) ont la même section transversale.
  6. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures, ménagées dans les nervures s'étendant parallèlement à des parois du caisson (2), ont une autre section transversale que les nervures qui s'étendent parallèlement aux autres parois.
  7. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures présentent, dans l'une quelconque des nervures, des sections transversales qui différent entre elles.
  8. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur d'au moins quelques espaces creux (5), s'étend une conduite (12, 12') qui les relie, conduite pourvue de trous (13) destinés au passage d'une partie de la masse (9) et sortant en un endroit du caisson hors de celui-ci, pour; lors de la compression du caisson, laisser s'évacuer par les trous (13) la masse (9) y étant comprimée et s'y trouvant.
  9. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que, au point de sortie cité, sont disposés des organes (14, 15) destinés à effectuer une régulation mesurable de la pression, régnant à l'intérieur des espaces creux (5) et influencée par la sortie d'écoulement de la masse (9) et la compression du caisson.
  10. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les espaces creux (5) sont ouverts en partie haute et en partie basse.
  11. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les nervures (3, 4) présentent des extrémités supérieures et inférieures concaves, afin de constituer des bords (16) à arrêtes vives et à effets d'isolation étanche.
  12. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les espaces creux sont obturés en partie haute et en partie basse au moyen de couvercles (17).
  13. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des couvercles (17) est pourvu de saillies (18, 19) dans le but d'assurer un ancrage du caisson (2) sur sa base.
  14. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le panneau de butée est enchâssé par un tronçon du cadre d'étanchéité (20, 20', 29) et présente à cette fin des gorges (23) destinées à recevoir ce tronçon.
  15. Panneau de butée selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que ce tronçon présente, soit lui-même soit conjointement avec un tronçon d'un autre cadre d'étanchéité ou bien le dernier tronçon seul, des moyens (27, 31, 33) qui, sous l'effet d'une pression d'eau, produisent une isolation, étanche contre l'entrée d'eau, des espaces creux du panneau de butée (3).
EP94109459A 1993-06-25 1994-06-19 Palier de butée à compression contrÔlée pour anneaux de cuvelage de tunnels Expired - Lifetime EP0631034B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01909/93A CH687557A5 (de) 1993-06-25 1993-06-25 Kontrolliert zusammendrueckbares Drucklager fuer Tuebbinge in einem Tuebbingring.
CH1909/93 1993-06-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0631034A1 EP0631034A1 (fr) 1994-12-28
EP0631034B1 true EP0631034B1 (fr) 1997-12-29

Family

ID=4221440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94109459A Expired - Lifetime EP0631034B1 (fr) 1993-06-25 1994-06-19 Palier de butée à compression contrÔlée pour anneaux de cuvelage de tunnels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0631034B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE161611T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH687557A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59404867D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2113580T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009057521A1 (de) 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Tübbing-Ausbau mit integriertem Nachgiebigkeitselement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1267301A (en) 1999-09-14 2001-04-17 Phoenix Ag Sealing arrangement
CN110778343B (zh) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-27 济南市市政工程设计研究院（集团）有限责任公司 一种双向滑动挤压式大变形防水变形缝构造

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH574023A5 (en) * 1973-07-24 1976-03-31 Schmitter Adolf Junction seal for channels or conduits - has ring expansion member anchored to one channel inflated to force ends apart
CH629869A5 (de) * 1978-03-23 1982-05-14 Daetwyler Ag Fugendichtung mit dichtungsstreifen bei stossfugen zwischen einzelnen bauelementen.
DE3783457T2 (de) * 1987-09-23 1993-08-05 Joint Francais Vorrichtung zum positionieren der dichtung eines tunnelausbausegments.
ES2045345T3 (es) * 1988-11-09 1994-01-16 Phoenix Ag Perfil de estancamiento para los segmentos de los tuneles.
CH679510A5 (fr) * 1989-11-10 1992-02-28 Daetwyler Ag

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009057521A1 (de) 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Tübbing-Ausbau mit integriertem Nachgiebigkeitselement
WO2011069480A2 (fr) 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Cuvelage à élément élastique intégré
DE102009057521B4 (de) * 2009-12-10 2011-07-21 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG, 44793 Tübbing-Ausbau mit integriertem Nachgiebigkeitselement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2113580T3 (es) 1998-05-01
CH687557A5 (de) 1996-12-31
EP0631034A1 (fr) 1994-12-28
DE59404867D1 (de) 1998-02-05
ATE161611T1 (de) 1998-01-15

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