EP0632694A1 - Prelevement d'une peau d'animal - Google Patents

Prelevement d'une peau d'animal

Info

Publication number
EP0632694A1
EP0632694A1 EP93906391A EP93906391A EP0632694A1 EP 0632694 A1 EP0632694 A1 EP 0632694A1 EP 93906391 A EP93906391 A EP 93906391A EP 93906391 A EP93906391 A EP 93906391A EP 0632694 A1 EP0632694 A1 EP 0632694A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hide
carcass
clearing
pulling
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93906391A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0632694A4 (fr
Inventor
John William Meat Research Laboratory Buhot
Russel James Meat Research Laboratory Rankin
Andrew Leslie Meat Research Laboratory Finney
Phillip Rodney Meat Research Laboratory Boyce
David Paul Meat Research Laboratory Thomas
John Cornell Meat Research Laboratory Abood
Edward Graham Meat Research Laboratory Mills
Paul Anthony Meat Research Laboratory Green
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Meat Research Corp
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Meat Research Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO, Meat Research Corp filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Publication of EP0632694A1 publication Critical patent/EP0632694A1/fr
Publication of EP0632694A4 publication Critical patent/EP0632694A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22B—SLAUGHTERING
    • A22B5/00—Accessories for use during or after slaughtering
    • A22B5/16—Skinning instruments or knives
    • A22B5/161—Methods or means for pulling the hide from carcasses

Definitions

  • the removal of the hide from an animal carcass by pulling the 5 hide is, in general terms, a known process.
  • various preli ⁇ ⁇ inary operations are manually carried out on the carcass.
  • These preliminary preparations carried out on the carcass may ⁇ -prise the following: 10 1.
  • the foreleg and rear leg hocks are removed and the pizzle or udders removed.
  • the rectum is separated from the hide by separating the anal 25 sphincter muscles. The rectum is then sealed.
  • a process for ⁇ e ⁇ oving a hide from an animal carcass the carcass having a longitudinal direction being along or parallel to the general line of the spine of the animal c-arcass, the animal carcass initially having an opening in the hide to provide an edge of the hide, the process being characterised by the steps of: pulling the edge of the hide in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction so as to separate the hide progressively from the carcass, the pulling of the hide in the transverse direction being carried out until a strip of hide remains attached to and extends along the carcass generally in the longitudinal direction; and, subsequent to the hide pulling step: longitudinally clearing the strip of hide by moving a clearing means along between the carcass and the strip of hide so as to clear the strip from the carcass.
  • the transverse direction in which the hide is pulled is preferably at an angle of between 70" and 110" to the longitudinal direction.
  • the transverse direction does not intersect the longitudinal line of the spine.
  • a prelimi-nary dressing operation is preferably carried out to open and clear the hide ventrally along the length of the cjarcass so as to produce edges of the hide, the hide pulling step co-prising engaging the edges of the hide followed by the application of pulling forces applied to the hide edges in the transverse direction.
  • the carcass is supported in the supine position with the legs of the animal extending upwardly, the spine of the carcass being inclined to the horizontal with the anterior end of the carcass lower than the posterior end of the carcass.
  • the step of pulling the hide may be carried out so that the line of dislocation of the hide from the carcass is maintained substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction, the line of dislocation being defined as the line along which separation of the hide from the carcass is ccxjurring during the hide pulling step.
  • the spine of the carcass is supported during the hide pulling step and the hide is pulled simultaneously at both sides of the carcass.
  • the transverse direction being the direction of application of the pulling force, is preferably maintained so that the hide during the pulling step is essentially peeling back upon itself away from the subcraneous tissues of the carcass so as to minimise damage to the subcutaneous tissues.
  • the strip of hide is located along the spine of the carcass and on both lateral sides of the spine.
  • the carcass is stretched in the longitudinal direction before and during the step of pulling the hide so as to apply tension to the tissues of the carcass.
  • the strip of hide has an outside surface which is preferably supported by a support surface during the clearing step so as to lie along a known t»ntour, the clearing means being moved along that known contour and parallel to the support surface so as to clear the strip of hide from the carcass.
  • the direction of -overrent of the clearing means is preferably from the anterior end of the carcass towards the posterior end, the
  • the process may include a further step of applying tension to the hide in the longitudinal direction after the step of hide pulling and before cx-Ji-enceme ⁇ t of the longitudinal clearing step.
  • the step of applying tension may co ⁇ prise applying a tensile force to the hide towards the end of the carcass where the longitudinal clearing movement begins and in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the clearing means.
  • the process may also include a further step of pulling the hide from the head of the carcass at the end of the step of clearing the strip of hide, the hide being pulled from the head by application of pulling force to the hide in a direction at an angle of between 30" and 60" to the longitudinal direction so as to pull the hide over the head.
  • the force applied to the hide to pull the hide from the head may be generally in the longitudinal direction but the point of application of the force may be spaced from the spine so that the line of force through the hide forms an angle of about 45° to the general longitudinal line of the spine.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for removing a hide from an animal carcass, the carcass having a longitudinal direction being along or parallel to the general line of the spine of the anir ⁇ al carcass, the animal carcass initially having an opening in the hide to provide an edge of the hide, the apparatus being characterised by: pulling means for pulling the edge of the hide in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction so as to separate the hide progressively from the carcass, the pulling of the hide in the transverse direction being carried out until a strip of hide remains attached to and extends along the carcass generally in the longitudinal direction; and clearing means operable, after operation of the pulling means, to be inserted between the carcass and the strip of hide and to longitudinally clear the strip of hide by moving in the longitudinal direction between the carcass and the strip of hide so as to clear the strip from the carcass.
  • the apparatus may further include a strip supporting means for contacting and supporting the outside surface of the strip of hide along a known contour during the longitudinal movement of the clearing means.
  • the clearing means may co ⁇ prise a clearing tool having a leading edge which, as the tool is advanced along between the carcass and the hide, clears the strip of hide from the adjacent subcutaneous tissues.
  • the clearing tool may comprise a clearing bar which is -Inserted laterally so as to be initially located between the subcutaneous tissues and the inside surface of the hide.
  • the apparatus preferably further includes clearing tool support means arranged to support the clearing tool on both sides of the carcass when it is ⁇ oving longitudinally to clear the strip of hide and prevent the leading edge moving away from the inside surface of the strip of hide.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a beef carcass after prelimiriary dressing operations prior to c ⁇ -- ⁇ ene * - ⁇ ent of the process of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a carcass suspended and prestretched as a first stage in the process of the invention
  • Fig. 6 and 7 show a support plate in its unfolded position and in use for the longitudinal clearing step.
  • Fig. 8 shows an underneath perspective view of a carcass at the start of the longitudinal clearing step
  • Fig. 9 shows a possible arrangement of clearing tool and tensioning tool for use in the longitudinal clearing step
  • the carcass 10 is suspended by the legs 11, 12 from an overhead conveyor 13 with the head 14 down, i.e. lower than the posterior end
  • the automated hide removal process may be defined as having three stages:
  • a 'pre-stretch' is applied to the carcass 10 by means of a tensioning device incorporated into the upper rail of the overhead conveyor 13. This enables longitudinal tensioning of the carcass 10 during the hide pull stage - see Fig. 2 which shows in broken line the tensioned carcass 10a.
  • the longitudinal stretching of the carcass 10 can be achieved in the case of an inverted carcass suspended by the legs 11,12 by separating the suspension means by a predetermined extent e.g. by tensioning device 18 in Fig. 11 arranged to move the support for the fore legs 11 away from the support for the hind legs 12. Stretching of the carcass also assists -laintenance of the carcass 10 in a stable position during the hide pulling operation and will assist in maintenance of a line of dislocation 16 (defined later) parallel to the longitudinal direction LL.
  • the hide cla ⁇ ps 31 are then retracted in a downward direction PP, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction EL of the spine, in a manner which maintains a low angle of dislocation ⁇ - see Fig 5.
  • the pulling force is preferably ' greater than about 3kN per clamp.
  • the hide 20 is pulled down, at a speed preferably less than or equal to 0.05 metres/second, to a pre-determined level, at which point the clamps rise to release tension from the hide.
  • the predetermined level to which the hide is pulled is preferably the line of the support means 22.
  • Pulling of the hide to this level may be ensured by sensing the hide pulling forces being applied by the clamps 31 and, when the forces from individual hide clamps 31 exceed a predetermined value, the application of force at that individual clamp 31 can be discontinued.
  • a strip of the hide 25 approximately 400 to 500 ran wide is left attached along the back of the carcass 10.
  • the direction PP in which the hide 20 is pulled away from the carcass is transverse to the longitudinal direction LL at a relatively large angle, e.g. between 70° and 110 ⁇ .
  • the direction PP does not intersect the longitudinal line of the carcass spine.
  • the preliminary dresssing operations provide edges 21 of the hide by clearing the hide 20 ventrally along the length of the carcass 10. These edges 21 are clamped for application of the hide pulling forces.
  • the carcass 10 is suspended by the shackled legs 11,12 from an overhead conveyor 13 and the spine may be either generally horizontal or if desired may be inclined to the horizontal at an acute angle, either head up or, more preferably head down, e.g. at 5" to 20°, preferably 10°, to the horizontal.
  • the hide 20 as it is being pulled from the carcass 10 defines in a plane generally transverse to the longitudinal direction LL an angle ⁇ between the line being formed by the hide 20 as it is pulled away from the carcass and a tangent 17 to the carcass at the dislocation line 16.
  • This angle ⁇ will be called the "angle of dislocation”.
  • the angle of dislocation ⁇ is maintained at a relatively small value throughout the pulling of the hide. Maintenance of this angle ⁇ less than 90 ⁇ throughout the pulling of the hide 20 is desirable and most preferably the angle of dislocation ⁇ is as small as possible.
  • the angle of dislocation ⁇ when the line of dislocation 16 is along the flanks of the carcass 10 will be relatively small, e.g. less than 10° to 15".
  • the angle of dislocation ⁇ will increase if the force continues to be applied in the same direction through the hide, e.g. vertically.
  • the direction from which the pulling force is applied may be varied so as to maintain the angle of dislocation ⁇ as small as possible.
  • the support plate 22 in the e ⁇ ibcidiment of Figs. 4 to 7 folds out from its previous width of approximately 150 mm to form a flat plate having an upper support surface 41 approximately 600 mm wide.
  • the support surface 41 is a separate me ⁇ iber. The support surface 41 contacts and supports the full length of the carcass 10, along the spine.
  • the clamps 31 at the rear of the carcass 10 disengage from the hide 20 and retract whilst the front clamps remain engaged and are used to tension the hide 20 across the front of the surface 41.
  • the outer longitudinal edges of the surface 41 may be radiused to reduce any possible damage to the hide 20 where it passes over those edges.
  • a clearing means 40 cior ⁇ prising a clearing bar 45, incorporating a longitudinal tensioning device 50, is then inserted laterally between the hide 20 and the carcass 10 below the carcass scapula - see Fig. 8 where the clearing bar 45 is shown schematically only. The point of insertion may be automatically determined by inserting the clearing bar 45 at a predetermined proportion (e.g.
  • the clearing bar 45 in Fig. 9 is bevelled and has a leading edge 43 with a radius of 0.2 ran, which extends along its length and around the nose 46 of the bar.
  • the radius along the clearing edge 43 is to prevent any cutting of the hide 20, while the bevel 47 is to keep the bar 45 between the carcass fat and the hide 20.
  • Clearing bar support means 46 supports the bar 45 at both sides of the carcass 10 to prevent the bar 45 lifting off the inside surface of the strip of hide 25.
  • the tension bar 50 then traverses in the direction TT towards the head 14 of the carcass 10, stopping when a preset tension is achieved.
  • hide cla ⁇ ps 50,51 can apply tension to the hide in directions TT which have a longitudinal coitponent so as to apply tension to the hide 20.
  • the longitudinal tension is maintained while the clearing bar 45 then is driven along guide rail 48 so as to traverse the length of the carcass 10 from the anterior end 16 to the posterior end 15 of the carcass thereby clearing the strip of hide 25 from the carcass 10.
  • the speed of travel is preferably 0.1 to 0.2 metres per second.
  • the clearing tool 42 may be tilted before -Dverrient along the strip of hide 25 so that the leading edge 43 is at a shallow angle to the inside surface of the hide and this assists the leading edge 43 to travel along the hide without piercing either the hide or the subcutaneous tissues which remain attached to the carcass.
  • the weight of the carcass 10 will assist pressing of the leading edge 43 against the hide inside surface.
  • the application of a stretching or tensile force to the strip of hide 25 in direction TT assists advancement of the clearing tool 42 without buxching or gathering of the strip of hide 25 in front of the advancing leading edge 43 of the clearing tool 42 and inhibits piercing of the hide or subcutaneous tissues by the leading edge 43 of the clearing tool 42.
  • the spine of the carcass 10 may be inclined at, say, 20° to the horizontal with the head down and the near hide clartps may be removed. Hide tension ⁇ nfc ues to be applied by the front clamps. This produces tension in a downward and forward direction with respect to the carcass spine. This reduces bunching of the hide in front of the leading edge 43 of the advancing clearing tool 42.
  • the clearing bar 45 completes its travel at a predefined point i ⁇ ediately prior to reaching the tail 19.
  • the clearing bar 45 is then locked to the support surface 41, creating a clamping point on the hide.
  • the front hide clamps disengage from the hide 20 and retract while simultaneously the support surface 41 and clearing bar 45 assembly are powered in a downward direction away from the carcass 10 (or alternatively the carcass 10 is lifted) .
  • the clamping point of the hide between the clearing bar 45 and support surface 41 allows the hide 20 to be stripped rom the tail 19 as the assembly is lowered.
  • the hide 20 is left attached to the carcass 10 on the narrow strip from the scapula to the head 14 and the head itself.
  • the final step involves pulling the hide 20 from the head 14 of the carcass 10 (see Fig. 10).
  • the direction HH of the pulling force applied to the hide to pull it from the head is such that the angle of separation 0 is substantially more than 0° and substantially less than 90", e.g. between the angles of 30° and 60°, to the longitudinal direction LL.
  • the force applied to the hide 20 through the clamping means 55 is generally in the longitudinal direction but at a point on the hide spaced from the spine so that the direction HH of force through the hide forms the angle of separation 0 of about 45".
  • the clamps 55 disengage from the hide, allowing it to drop onto a hide conveyor for removal.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé et un apparel permettent de prélever la peau (20) sur la carcasse d'un animal (10). La carcasse est d'abord ouverte et fournit ainsi une prise (21) sur la peau qu'on tire dans un sens (PP) transversal par rapport à la longueur (LL) de l'animal pour séparer progressivement la peau de la carcasse jusqu'au moment où elle ne tient plus que par une bande (25) rattachée à l'épine dorsale. Cette bande de peau (25) est alors séparée par le déplacement d'un appareil séparateur (40) entre la carcasse et elle. Pendant qu'on exerce une traction sur la peau et qu'on la détache, la carcasse (10) est soutenue en position renversée, avec son extrémité antérieure (16) placée plus bas que la postérieure (15). Pendant la traction, on maintient en pratique la ligne de dislocation (16) séparant la peau de la carcasse parallèle à la direction longitudinale (LL). On garde la direction (PP) d'application de la force de traction de façon à ce que la peau (20) s'enroule pratiquement sur elle-même en s'écartant des tissus sous-cutanés de la carcasse. On tend la peau dans le sens longitudinal (LL) après l'avoir détachée et avant de commencer à la séparer longitudinalement. On retire la peau (20) de la tête (14) lorsque la bande de peau (25) est complètement séparée.
EP93906391A 1992-03-24 1993-03-24 Prelevement d'une peau d'animal. Withdrawn EP0632694A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU1507/92 1992-03-24
AUPL150792 1992-03-24
PCT/AU1993/000125 WO1993018658A1 (fr) 1992-03-24 1993-03-24 Prelevement d'une peau d'animal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0632694A1 true EP0632694A1 (fr) 1995-01-11
EP0632694A4 EP0632694A4 (fr) 1995-03-29

Family

ID=3776051

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93906391A Withdrawn EP0632694A4 (fr) 1992-03-24 1993-03-24 Prelevement d'une peau d'animal.

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0632694A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993018658A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1287964B (fr) * 1969-01-23
DE667670C (de) * 1936-10-21 1938-12-06 Studiengesellschaft Der Deutsc Vorrichtung zum Abzug von Haeuten und Fellen
GB784118A (en) * 1955-04-13 1957-10-02 Bernard Poupet Improvements in or relating to a process and apparatus for skinning slaughterhouse animals
US2897537A (en) * 1956-06-08 1959-08-04 Cincinnati Butchers Supply Co Hide puller
US3553767A (en) * 1968-08-06 1971-01-12 Cincinnati Butchers Supply Co Hide peeler
DE2101571A1 (de) * 1971-01-14 1972-07-27 Wilhelm Stohrer, Maschinenfabrik, 7250 Leonberg Vorrichtung zum Abziehen des Fells
AU8418382A (en) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-02 Raph Engle Systems Ltd. Pelt pulling device
AU1529783A (en) * 1982-06-02 1983-12-08 Sly, W.C.T. Linear actuated skin removal

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
No further relevant documents disclosed *
See also references of WO9318658A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993018658A1 (fr) 1993-09-30
EP0632694A4 (fr) 1995-03-29

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