EP0633100A1 - Werkzeug zum Messen eines Drehmoments, wie z.b. ein elektronischer Drehmomentschlüssel - Google Patents

Werkzeug zum Messen eines Drehmoments, wie z.b. ein elektronischer Drehmomentschlüssel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0633100A1
EP0633100A1 EP94401544A EP94401544A EP0633100A1 EP 0633100 A1 EP0633100 A1 EP 0633100A1 EP 94401544 A EP94401544 A EP 94401544A EP 94401544 A EP94401544 A EP 94401544A EP 0633100 A1 EP0633100 A1 EP 0633100A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
handle
measuring
tool according
torque
stresses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94401544A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0633100B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Brihier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Facom SA
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Facom SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0633100A1 publication Critical patent/EP0633100A1/de
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Publication of EP0633100B1 publication Critical patent/EP0633100B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a tool for measuring a torque such as for example an electronic torque wrench, making it possible to know the value of the torque exerted on a tightening member (nut, screw, bolt or the like) actuated in rotation by means of this key, and therefore to check the tightening ensured by this key.
  • a tightening member nut, screw, bolt or the like
  • the version generally considered to be the simplest torque wrench 1 using resistive extensometers and electronic signal processing shown in Fig. 1 includes a control head (of a variable model) for the part to be screwed, a flexible part 4 (handle) equipped with an extensometer (M) and used to measure the force F applied perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the handle 4, and a manual handle 3 used to apply the force F at a variable point P.
  • the geometries and the embodiments of these different parts can, of course, be very variable.
  • the control head of the workpiece can, for example, include an open-end wrench or a square 5 for socket driving, or a "universal" adapter.
  • Equation (5) shows that the value obtained does not exactly correspond to that of the torque applied to the workpiece unless the position of the point of application P of the control force F is constant. For practical applications, this imprecision limits the possibility of using this simple solution when looking for precise measurements. A number of embodiments have therefore been proposed for producing torque wrenches that do not have this defect.
  • a first embodiment described in particular in French patent 2,400,996, consists in placing the means for measuring the force physically or functionally concentric with the axis of the screw or nut tightened (loosened) by the key.
  • This device leads to an increase in the volume of the key at the level of its head, which poses accessibility problems in many case.
  • certain types of drive, especially open-end wrench are not compatible with this solution.
  • a third embodiment described in US Pat. No. 4,006,629, consists in providing two independent measuring devices located at distances D1 and D2 different from the axis of the head of the key.
  • the ratio of the values measured by the two devices is influenced by the position of the point of application of the force and allows by the same to determine this position. Once this is known, the exact ratio between the measured value and the torque can be determined and this can therefore be calculated exactly.
  • the simple addition of the measured values M1 and M2 with suitable coefficients allows the global resolution, and therefore dispenses with carrying out explicit calculation operations. Due to the very principle of this device, the overall signal provided by the elongation sensors has a value much lower than the signal corresponding to a simple bending, and is therefore more sensitive to disturbances.
  • a fourth embodiment described inter alia in French patent 2,538,741, consists in mechanically coupling the metal part, the measurement of which is measured. deformation and the handle of the key, so that only the forces corresponding to the transmission of a torque are transmitted to the part used for force measurement.
  • this type of solution uses mechanical devices of the joint type, which, due to the imperfections inherent in this function, leads to a limitation of the possible precision.
  • the object of the present invention is a device for overcoming errors due to the position of the point of application of the control force, designed in such a way that it causes little or no substantial increase in the cost price of the key.
  • the electronic torque wrench targeted by the invention is of the type comprising a tightening head of a screw-in member, a manual control handle, a deformable and flex-sensitive handle connecting the handle to the tightening head, as well as electronic means for measuring the deformation of the handle and for displaying the tightening torque determined from said deformation measurement.
  • the handle has an area whose main section is different from that of the rest of the handle and such that it can locally transform shear stresses, generated by the control force, into elongation-compression stresses.
  • parallel to the surface of the handle, and said measuring means are made in order to be sensitive to the stresses due to bending and shearing in proportions such as the influence of shear stresses compensates for an error caused by the consideration of bending alone in determining the torque transmitted by the clamping head.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevational view of a known torque wrench.
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal elevational view of a first embodiment of the electronic torque wrench according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal elevational view of a second embodiment of the torque wrench according to the invention.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are graphs illustrating the variations respectively of the shear stresses and the bending stresses, on both sides of the area of the handle of the wrench according to Fig.3, whose section has been modified in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partial elevational view of a third embodiment of the key according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the key handle of Fig.6.
  • Figure 8 is a partial side elevation view of a fourth embodiment of the key according to the invention.
  • the torque wrench 1 shown in Fig.1 known per se, has a suitable clamping axis 5, for example square section as shown, or rectangular or hexagonal ...
  • the extensometer M can be connected, in a manner known in itself and not shown, to an electronic circuit for measuring and displaying the tightening torque exerted by the axis 5.
  • equation (6) By bringing equation (6) closer to equations (2) and (3) we note the analogy between the second term on the right of equation (6) and equation (2), but also that existing between equation (3) and the first term of equation (6). Indeed in these last two cases the value depends, with constant constants, only on that of the force F.
  • the measurement of the bending stresses is carried out in a conventional manner using resistive extensometers bonded to the appropriate faces of the bar.
  • the measurement of the shear stresses can be carried out by the conventional methods for this type of measurement, for example by means of extensometers glued on the lateral faces of the bar.
  • this solution leads to costs close to those of known solutions, which limits the practical interest of this solution to specific cases.
  • the signal from the extensometers measuring the shear may then be too weak to be combined directly (according to equation (6)) with the signal from the extensometers providing the information of bending, and it would then be necessary to attenuate this latter signal, which would be detrimental to the quality of the measurements.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention consists in varying the section of the flexible part (4) at the level of the measurement system (M), in order to locally transform the shear stresses into elongation / compression stresses parallel to the surface. It is then easy to measure these stresses using conventional resistive extensometers.
  • the stresses thus created are superimposed on those due to bending.
  • By measuring the bending stresses separately in an area of regular section it is possible to isolate by calculation the value of the stresses due to shear.
  • Another more efficient possibility, to measure the bending consists in adding (or subtracting according to the signs of origin) the values obtained in two zones where the shear and bending stresses are respectively of the same value, but where their relative sign is in one zone the reverse of what it is in the other zone.
  • the operator can therefore easily avoid exceeding the nominal value of the torque.
  • a first favorable solution consists in providing in the handle 4 a recess of preferably constant section, and of main axis perpendicular both to the longitudinal axis of the handle 4 and to the axis of application of the control force.
  • the handle 7, of rectangular periphery comprises a parallelepipedal bore 8, the axis XX of which is at the distance D from l geometric axis of clamping of the profile 5 and at a distance L1 from the point of application P of the control force F.
  • the main axis XX of the recess 8 is perpendicular both to the axis of application of the force F and at the longitudinal axis YY of the bar or handle 7.
  • the measuring means M resistive extensometers
  • the measuring means M are bonded to one of the faces of the handle 7 at a suitable location so as to cover an area situated substantially at right angles to the recess 8, close to the end of this recess and which may or may not cover the area in which the section of the handle 4 is full.
  • Fig.3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the key 6 in which the recess in the handle 7 is constituted by a cylindrical bore 9 suitably dimensioned.
  • the recess in the handle 7 is constituted by a cylindrical bore 9 suitably dimensioned.
  • many other geometries of the recess are possible.
  • the third embodiment of the torque wrench illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, comprises a handle 11 whose zone 16 of section different from that of the rest of the handle consists of at least two parallel bars 12 each comprising an intermediate part 13 of constant cross section and thickness E, and two opposite end parts 14. The latter have an increasing cross section from part 13 to the junction with the contiguous part of the handle 11.
  • the measuring means M are glued to the one of the terminal parts 14.
  • each bar 12 is such that over the part 13 of its length, the ratio between the stresses due to the section and those due to shear is approximately constant. Such a characteristic limits the precision required for the positioning of the extensometers M.
  • the thickness E of each part 13 intervenes in a substantially proportional manner for the stresses due to bending, and to the power 2 for those due to shearing.
  • the width of the bar intervenes proportionally in both cases.
  • the simplified explanation of the operation is as follows: in the zone 13 considered, the inertia of the bar 12 is constant, which leads to an approximately constant sensitivity for the bending stresses. For the shear stresses, the considered portion of the bar 12 constitutes an isoflexion beam.
  • the external dimensions of the flexible element (4; 7; 11; 15) in the recess area (8, 9 ...) and those of the said recess allow the values of the stresses due to shear and those to be defined independently. due to bending.
  • the distance from the right of the axis of the recess allows, for a given bar and recess geometry, to define a bonding area of the extensometer such as the average of the longitudinal surface stresses in this zone corresponds to the distribution (coefficients Sc and Sf) described above. For a given geometry this zone may not exist, and it is therefore essential to choose a suitable geometry.
  • the fourth embodiment of the key shown in Fig.8 includes a bar or flexible handle 19 whose main section has not been modified, unlike the embodiments previously described.
  • This key is equipped with a measuring means consisting of the association of two elementary members corresponding respectively to a separate measurement of the shear forces due to the control force, and a measurement of the bending forces due to the control force. This can be achieved, for example, by combining two pairs of gauges in the same measurement bridge, each pair constituting an elementary "sensor".
  • the bending and shear measuring devices do not have a total insensitivity to the other parameter, the correction of their reciprocal relationships makes it possible to correct this error by means of additional resistances for example. It suffices that, in the final signal, the elementary components (bending, shear), are in the correct ratio.
  • the measuring devices glued to the faces of the bar 19 are sensitive to the stresses due to bending and to those due to shear, in proportions such that the influence of the shear stresses compensates for the error caused by the consideration of bending alone, for calculating the torque transmitted by the tightening device.
  • the deformable member constituted by the handle 7, 11 ... as well as the recess 8, 9, ... have a shape such that the proportion between the stresses due to bending and those due to shearing is constant or approximately constant over a certain length of the part receiving the measuring member M, while the sensitive part of this measuring member preferably has a constant sensitivity over the measuring length.
  • the extensometer M is positioned very precisely: if for example depending on the locations of the flexible handle, values of the proportion between the two types of stress are between 0 and 40%, and we want to obtain a value of 20% for this report, we stick the extensometer M at the precise place where this value of 20% exists.
  • a torque wrench intended for measuring a maximum torque of 250 Nm having a length of 400 mm between the axis of the head 2 and the point of application P of the control force F, and using a deformable element ( 4, 7 7), the elastic limit of which has been set at 500 N / mm2.
  • the measuring element is located 40 mm from the axis of the head 2 and the width of the bar is fixed (arbitrarily) to 10 mm and the length of the recess to 20 mm. Since the global solution is not unique, these values correspond to a choice made according to criteria not depending solely on the subject of the invention itself.
  • the criteria for respecting the elastic limit lead to taking the maximum value of the stress due to bending as 9/11 of the elastic limit, that is to say 409 N / mm2 and for maximum value of the stress due to shearing, the 2 / 11ths of the elastic limit is 91 N / mm2.
  • the shear stress is 45.5 n / mm2.
  • the measuring device (M) described above as consisting of a single strain sensor can of course be made up of several sensors mounted in a half-bridge or in a full bridge. Multiple bridge structures can be produced while remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • the different extensometers can be placed at identical stress points (side by side for example) at symmetrical stress points (opposite faces of the bar for example), or at stress value points different. In the latter case, it is the functional sum of the measured stresses which must meet the placement criterion defined by the single extensometer.
  • the arrangement of the extensometer (s) must follow all the usual rules known to those skilled in the art, and can use the specific arrangements, also known. , in order to obtain an advantageous operation (insensitivity to unwanted twisting for example).
  • the recesses such as 8 and 9 preferably have a regular section for reasons of ease of manufacture. But this section may also not be regular, while remaining within the scope of the invention. It is also possible to make several recesses instead of just one.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
EP94401544A 1993-07-09 1994-07-05 Werkzeug zum Messen eines Drehmoments, wie z.b. ein elektronischer Drehmomentschlüssel Expired - Lifetime EP0633100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9308519A FR2707395B1 (fr) 1993-07-09 1993-07-09 Outil de mesure d'un couple, tel qu'une clé dynamométrique électronique.
FR9308519 1993-07-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0633100A1 true EP0633100A1 (de) 1995-01-11
EP0633100B1 EP0633100B1 (de) 1997-10-08

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EP94401544A Expired - Lifetime EP0633100B1 (de) 1993-07-09 1994-07-05 Werkzeug zum Messen eines Drehmoments, wie z.b. ein elektronischer Drehmomentschlüssel

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5503028A (de)
EP (1) EP0633100B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69406057T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2707395B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103528747A (zh) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-22 航天东方红卫星有限公司 一种扭矩测量转移工具及方法
CN108098668A (zh) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-01 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 一种配装转接器的扭矩扳手计量指标选择方法

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JP3033451B2 (ja) 1994-11-08 2000-04-17 ティアック株式会社 トルク検出装置
US6925395B2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2005-08-02 Canberra Aquila, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring the torque applied to bolts
US7082865B2 (en) * 2003-05-01 2006-08-01 Ryeson Corporation Digital torque wrench
US7194940B2 (en) * 2003-06-25 2007-03-27 Chih-Ching Hsieh Electronic torsional tool
US7004689B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2006-02-28 Kennametal Inc. High-speed milling cutter and insert
US7096747B1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2006-08-29 Chih-Ching Hsieh Hand tool with twisting force measuring functions
ITMI20051461A1 (it) * 2005-07-28 2007-01-29 Gianni Ponte Cambretta per sutura dello sterno ed apparecchio atto a posizionarla e serrarla
US7380473B2 (en) * 2005-09-19 2008-06-03 Chih-Ching Hsieh Hand tool with torque detection device
US7380472B2 (en) * 2006-06-07 2008-06-03 Chih-Ching Hsieh Hand tool with torque measuring device
TWI426002B (zh) * 2010-07-30 2014-02-11 Xiamen United Trade Electronic Co Ltd Digital torque wrench structure and the way to grip the force
CN104535259B (zh) * 2015-01-13 2017-04-12 内蒙古自治区计量测试研究院 一种扳手扭矩检定装置

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FR2626514A1 (fr) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-04 Seb Sa Cle dynamometrique a jauges d'extensometrie
EP0362696A1 (de) * 1988-10-03 1990-04-11 Snap-On Tools Corporation Schraubenschlüssel mit von der Handhaltung unabhängigen Messeinrichtung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103528747A (zh) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-22 航天东方红卫星有限公司 一种扭矩测量转移工具及方法
CN108098668A (zh) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-01 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 一种配装转接器的扭矩扳手计量指标选择方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69406057T2 (de) 1998-02-26
FR2707395A1 (fr) 1995-01-13
EP0633100B1 (de) 1997-10-08
FR2707395B1 (fr) 1995-10-06
US5503028A (en) 1996-04-02
DE69406057D1 (de) 1997-11-13

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