EP0634887B1 - Plasmabrenner für übertragenen Lichtbogen - Google Patents

Plasmabrenner für übertragenen Lichtbogen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0634887B1
EP0634887B1 EP94420206A EP94420206A EP0634887B1 EP 0634887 B1 EP0634887 B1 EP 0634887B1 EP 94420206 A EP94420206 A EP 94420206A EP 94420206 A EP94420206 A EP 94420206A EP 0634887 B1 EP0634887 B1 EP 0634887B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
torch
plasma
cathode
anode
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94420206A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0634887A1 (de
Inventor
Frédéric Girard
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SOUDURE ASSISTANCE
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SOUDURE ASSISTANCE
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Publication of EP0634887A1 publication Critical patent/EP0634887A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3463—Oblique nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a welding torch or more particularly to reloading with transferred arc plasma, known under the abbreviation "PTA” (Plasma Transferred Arc).
  • the tip of the cathode is arranged on the main axis (longitudinal axis) of the torch, and positioned slightly behind the convergent nozzle-anode which surrounds it coaxially.
  • the plasma propagates and therefore leaves, in principle, along the main axis of the torch.
  • the geometric structure of the plasma generator device remains a structure parallel to the plasma, at least in the vicinity of the origin of the latter.
  • the plasma is born and begins to propagate in the axis of the negative electrode, even if this plasma is then deviated from said axis before the point of use, in particular by the oblique orientation of an outlet conduit and the position of the positive electrode constituted by the part to be recharged on which the transferred arc comes to loop.
  • the present invention therefore aims to improve a transferred plasma torch of the type concerned.
  • a transferred plasma torch comprising a nozzle-anode coaxially surrounding a cathode disposed along the longitudinal axis of the torch, and a channel of annular section formed between the nozzle-anode and the cathode and capable to be traversed by a flow of plasma gas, the torch being arranged to emit a plasma jet in a direction making a significant angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the torch, the latter being characterized in that it is provided , in addition to the initialization plasma gas circuit passing along the cathode, another circuit distinct from the previous one, and capable of being traversed by a directional plasma gas flow, the directional plasma gas circuit opening out, in a direction making a significant angle with the longitudinal axis of the torch, in a chamber or a conduit extending the annular section channel at the front of the torch and opening itself even outside by a lateral outlet orifice of the nozzle-anode, so that the plasma is created and propagates in a direction making
  • two separate circuits of plasma-generating gas are used, one for initialization traveling along the cathode, and the other directional arriving at the front of the torch in a direction forming a notable angle, which in a typical case reaches 90 °, with respect to the main axis of the torch (axis of the anode-cathode couple).
  • the use of a deflecting plasma gas stiffens the arc and gives much better results than in previous embodiments, which do not use a deflecting plasma gas and in which the plasma is emitted along the axis of the cathode and then deflected (as explained above).
  • the initial plasma plasma circuit and the directional plasma gas circuit are each provided with their own gas flow control means, so that the control of the plasma operating parameters results directly from the absolute settings and relative of the two plasma gas circuits.
  • the nozzle-anode is designed to be mounted on a base of a torch, comprising a cathode support block in which the cathode is held so as to be able to be mounted, axially adjusted and dismounted through the rear area of the torch.
  • This arrangement facilitates in particular the axial positioning adjustment of the cathode, which determines the characteristics of the plasma obtained.
  • the area made available by the change of direction of the plasma jet in the vicinity of the free end of the nozzle-anode is usable for accommodating in this area part of the cooling circuit by circulation of water.
  • the transferred arc plasma torch object of the invention, is particularly suitable for the reloading of small bores, with a flat melting bath, the internal cylindrical part to be coated having its axis disposed horizontally.
  • the torch which enters the bore during the reloading operation, is then with its horizontal main axis, and only the plasma jet is emitted vertically in a radial direction at the outlet of the lateral orifice practiced towards the free end of the anode nozzle.
  • the overall dimensions of the nozzle-anode must be adapted to the internal diameter of the bore of the part to be recharged, which in practice means that the nozzle-anode is long and of small diameter.
  • the advantage of such an arrangement is also to allow the use of a cathode of large longitudinal dimension, which can be conveniently mounted or dismounted by the base of the torch, for example to proceed with its sharpening.
  • FIG. 1 shows the front part of a welding torch or more particularly of reloading with transferred arc plasma, comprising a nozzle-anode 1 surrounding a cathode 2 arranged along the longitudinal axis 3 of the torch.
  • An annular section channel 4 is formed between the nozzle-anode 1 and the cathode 2.
  • the channel 4 is traversed by a first flow of plasma gas traveling along the cathode 2, as indicated by an arrow 5, this channel 4 belonging to a plasma gas circuit with the role of initializing the ionization of the gas and protecting the cathode 2.
  • the plasma initialization gas is distributed at the inlet of the convergent 6 of the nozzle-anode 1 by means of a ring 7 providing helical passages, which gives the gas a swirling movement capable of stabilizing the incipient discharge between the pointed end 8 of the cathode 2 and the anode 1.
  • the ring 7 also acts as a centering means for cathode 2 relative to the nozzle-anode 1.
  • the channel 4 is extended by a short convergent conduit 9 oriented along an axis 10 forming a significant angle A relative to the longitudinal axis 3 of the torch, and opening to the outside by an outlet orifice 11 located on the side wall of the nozzle-anode 1.
  • the angle A is equal to 90 °.
  • nozzle-anode 1 In the nozzle-anode 1 is formed, parallel to the channel 4 swept by the initial plasma gas, another channel 12 which has, at its front part, a right angle bend 13 with converging, opening out at the rear of the conduit 9, along the transverse axis 10.
  • the channel 12 is traversed, as indicated by an arrow 14, by a second flow of plasma gas, said directional plasma gas, thus traversing a circuit distinct from that of the initial plasma gas.
  • Each of these two independent circuits is provided with its own means (not shown) for controlling the plasma gas flow.
  • the plasma jet emitted at the anterior end of channel 4 is deflected by approximately 90 ° by the jet of directional plasma gas, of lower flow rate but of high speed, which is ejected by the converging elbow 13 and thus arrives in the duct 9 by imposing its own direction on the plasma flow.
  • the plasma created thus propagates, from the outset, in the direction of the axis 10, therefore substantially perpendicular to the axis 3 of the torch, to escape through the lateral outlet orifice 11.
  • the space made free by the change of direction of the plasma jet, in the vicinity of the end of the nozzle-anode, is used to pass the cooling water circuit 15 of the torch there, ensuring thus in this zone an energetic cooling.
  • FIG. 2 shows as a whole the torch equipped with the plasma generator device described above, in a particular embodiment inspired by French patent application FR-A-2672459 in the name of the Applicant.
  • the cathode 2 is held on its support block 17 by means of pliers 26.
  • a blind nut (not shown), screwed onto a thread 27 of the support block 17, gives very direct access to the cathode 2 which can thus be immobilized in the desired axial position.
  • This axial position of the cathode 2, as well as the independent adjustments of the flow rates of the initial plasma gas 5 and the directional plasma gas 14, constitute the three main elements for adjusting the torch.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Schweißbrenner oder spezieller Plasmaauftragsschweißbrenner mit übertragenem Lichtbogen, der eine Düsenanode (1), welche koaxial eine entlang einer Längsachse (3) des Brenners angeordnete Kathode (2) umschließt, und einen Kanal (4) mit ringförmigem Querschnitt beinhaltet, welcher zwischen der Düsenanode (1) und der Kathode (2) angeordnet und von einer Plasmagasmenge (5) durchströmt werden kann, wobei der Brenner zum Ausströmen eines Plasmastrahles in eine solche Richtung (10) eingerichtet ist, die einen deutlichen Winkel (A) im Bezug auf die Längsachse (3) des Brenners bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zusätzlich zu dem Plasmagasinitialisierungskreis (4, 22) entlang der Kathode (81) einen weiteren, vom vorgehenden getrennten Kreis (12, 13, 25) aufweist, der von einer gerichteten Plasmagasmenge (14) durchströmt werden kann, wobei der Kreis des gerichteten Plasmagases in eine Richtung (10), die einen deutlichen Winkel (A) zur Längsachse (3) des Brenners bildet, in einer Kammer oder einer Leitung (9) mündet, die den Kanal (4) mit ringförmigen Querschnitt im vorderen Teil des Brenners verlängert und selbst nach außen durch eine seitliche Austrittsdüse (11) der Düsenanode (1) mündet, so daß das Plasma erzeugt wird und sich dann in einer Richtung ausdehnt, die einen deutlichen Winkel zur Längsachse (3) des Brenners bildet, entlang der die Kathode angeordnet ist.
  2. Plasmabrenner mit übertragenem Lichtbogen gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreis für das gerichtete Plasmagas (12, 13, 25) in seinem vorderen Teil eine rechtwinklige Krümmung (13) mit Verjüngung aufweist, der in den hinteren Teil der vorerwähnten Kammer oder der Leitung (9) mündet, so daß der Plasmastrahl in eine Richtung (10) abgelenkt wird, die einen Winkel von ungefähr 90° in bezug auf die Längsachse 3 des Brenners bildet, entlang der die Kathode angeordnet ist.
  3. Plasmabrenner mit übertrgenem Lichtbogen gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreis für das Initialisierungsplasma (4, 22) und der Kreis für das gerichtete Plasma (12, 13, 25) jeder für sich mit eigenen Kontrollmitteln für die Gasmenge ausgestattet ist, so daß die Kontrolle der Funktionsparameter des Plasmas direkt zu absoluten und relativen Regelungen der beiden Plasmagaskreise führt.
  4. Plasmagasbrenner mit übertragenem Lichtbogen gemäß einer der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsenanode (1) für die Montage auf einen Sockel (16) eines Brenners vorgesehen ist und eine Blockstütze für die Kathode (17) aufweist, in der die Kathode (2) gehalten ist (bei 26), so daß sie durch den hinteren Bereich des Brenners montiert, axial ausgerichtet und demontiert werden kann.
  5. Plasmagasbrenner mit übertragenem Lichtbogen gemäß einer der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil des Kühlwasserkreises sich in der freien Endzone der Düsenanode (1) befindet, wobei diese Zone durch Richtungsänderung des Plasmastrahls verfügbar wird.
EP94420206A 1993-07-15 1994-07-13 Plasmabrenner für übertragenen Lichtbogen Expired - Lifetime EP0634887B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9308802A FR2707824B1 (fr) 1993-07-15 1993-07-15 Torche plasma transféré (PTA) à cathode radiale.
FR9308802 1993-07-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0634887A1 EP0634887A1 (de) 1995-01-18
EP0634887B1 true EP0634887B1 (de) 1996-10-16

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94420206A Expired - Lifetime EP0634887B1 (de) 1993-07-15 1994-07-13 Plasmabrenner für übertragenen Lichtbogen

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EP (1) EP0634887B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE144368T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69400737D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2707824B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5837959A (en) * 1995-09-28 1998-11-17 Sulzer Metco (Us) Inc. Single cathode plasma gun with powder feed along central axis of exit barrel
AT4599U1 (de) * 2000-06-21 2001-09-25 Inocon Technologie Gmbh Plasmabrenner
DE102006012100B3 (de) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-20 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Plasma-Jets
US9211603B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-12-15 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma gouging torch and angled nozzle therefor
US9497845B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2016-11-15 Hypertherm, Inc. Consumables for a plasma arc torch for bevel cutting
US10721812B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2020-07-21 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US9107282B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2015-08-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US10314155B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2019-06-04 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US9781818B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2017-10-03 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
JP7743001B2 (ja) 2021-08-25 2025-09-24 ハイパーサーム インコーポレイテッド 材料加工システムを用いたエッジ成形
CN115734449B (zh) * 2022-11-29 2023-11-14 哈尔滨工程大学 一种固定电弧发生位置的等离子电弧发生器

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1338390A (fr) * 1962-07-05 1963-09-27 Air Liquide Tête orientable de générateur de plasma
US3575568A (en) * 1967-06-08 1971-04-20 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Arc torch
US3740522A (en) * 1971-04-12 1973-06-19 Geotel Inc Plasma torch, and electrode means therefor
FR2672459B1 (fr) * 1991-02-01 1993-04-30 Girard Frederic Dispositif de rechargement par plasma a orifice oblique.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2707824A1 (fr) 1995-01-20
FR2707824B1 (fr) 1995-12-01
DE69400737D1 (de) 1996-11-21
EP0634887A1 (de) 1995-01-18
ATE144368T1 (de) 1996-11-15

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